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Vanaheimr

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For other uses, see Vanaheim (disambiguation).

In Norse mythology, Vanaheimr (Old Norse for "home of the Vanir"[1]) is one of the Nine Worlds and home of the Vanir, a group of gods associated with fertility, wisdom, and the ability to see the future.

Sources

Vanaheimr is attested in the Poetic Edda; compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda and (in euhemerized form) Heimskringla; both written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. In the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda, Vanaheimr is described as the location where the Van god Njörðr was raised. In Norse cosmology, Vanaheimr is considered one of the Nine Worlds.

Attestations

Vanaheimr is mentioned a single time in the Poetic Edda; in a stanza of the poem Vafþrúðnismál. In Vafþrúðnismál, Gagnráðr (the god Odin in disguise) engages in a game of wits with the jötunn Vafþrúðnir. Gagnráðr asks Vafþrúðnir whence the Van god Njörðr came, for, though he rules over many hofs and hörgrs, Njörðr was not raised among the Æsir. Vafþrúðnir responds that Njörðr was created in Vanaheimr by "wise powers" and references that Njörðr was exchanged as a hostage during the Æsir-Vanir War. In addition, Vafþrúðnir comments that, when the world ends (Ragnarök), Njörðr will return to the "wise Vanir" (Bellows here anglicizes Vanir to Wanes):

Benjamin Thorpe translation:
In Vanaheim wise powers him created,
and to the gods a hostage gave.
At the world's dissolution,
he will return to the wise Vanir.[2]
Henry Adams Bellows translation:
In the home of the Wanes did the wise ones create him,
And gave him as a pledge to the gods;
At the fall of the world shall he far once more
Home to the Wanes so wise.[3]

In chapter 23 of the Prose Edda book Gylfaginning, the enthroned figure of High says that Njörðr was raised in Vanaheimr, but was later sent as a hostage to the Æsir.[4]

The Heimskringla book Ynglinga saga records an euhemerized account of the origins of Norse mythology. In chapter 1, "Van Home or the Home of the Vanir" is described as located around the Don River (which Snorri writes was once called "Tana Fork" or "Vana Fork").[5] Chapter 4 describes the Æsir-Vanir War, noting that during a hostage exchange, the Æsir sent the god Hœnir to Vanaheim and there he was immediately made chieftain.[6] In chapter 15, the king Sveigðir is recorded as having married a woman named Vana in "Vanaland", located in Sweden. The two produced a child, who they named Vanlandi (meaning "Man from the Land of the Vanir"[7]).[8]

Theories

An attempt to illustrate Norse cosmology by Henry Wheaton (1831)

In a stanza of the Poetic Edda poem Völuspá, an unnamed völva mentions the existence of "nine worlds." These worlds are nowhere specifically listed in sequence, but are generally assumed to include Vanaheimr. Henry Adams Bellows considers the other eight to be Asgard, Álfheimr, Midgard, Jötunheimr, Svartálfaheimr, Niflheim, Múspellsheimr, and possibly Niðavellir.[9]

Hilda Ellis Davidson comments that exactly where Vanaheim is among the Nine Worlds isn't clear, since "the chief gods Freyr and Njord with a number of others, are represented along with the Æsir in Asgard, but it seems probable that it was in the underworld." Davidson notes a connection between the Vanir and "the land-spirits who dwelt in mounds and hills and in water [...].[10]

Rudolf Simek claims that Snorri "unquestionably" invented the name Vanaheimr as a Vanir counterpart to Asgard, but does not mention the Vafþrúðnismál reference.[11]

In the Marvel Comics universes, Vanaheim is also one of the Nine Worlds, home to the Vanir — including Frigga, Queen of Asgard and mother to Thor. Vanaheim appears in several titles, most notably storylines of the Thor and The Avengers titles. The people of Vanaheim go to war against the nine realms due to the resurgence of old grudges inflamed by the demon Surtur.[12]

Vanaheim is featured as a location in the Marvel Studios film Thor: The Dark World, where it is portrayed as the homeworld of Thor's friend Hogun (played by Tadanobu Asano).[13] Its inhabitants resemble humans of northeast Asian descent.

Vanaheim is a nation in Robert E. Howard's Hyborian Age.[citation needed]

Notes

  1. ^ Byock (2005:158).
  2. ^ Thorpe (1866:16).
  3. ^ Bellows (1923:79).
  4. ^ Byock (2005:33).
  5. ^ Hollander (2007:6).
  6. ^ Hollander (2007:8).
  7. ^ McKinnell (2005:70)
  8. ^ Hollander (2007:15).
  9. ^ Bellows (1923:3).
  10. ^ Davidson (1993:70).
  11. ^ Simek (2007:350).
  12. ^ The Mighty Thor #19 (2011). Marvel Comics.
  13. ^ Jolin, Dan (August 7, 2013). "Thor: The Dark World Second Trailer Breakdown". Empire. Retrieved August 7, 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

References

Inline citations

General references

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