Vatnaöldur
| Vatnaöldur | |
|---|---|
 Vatnaöldur fissure associated features are in the far distance over the river in this picture from Bláhnúkur towards the north-east | |
| Volcano | Bárðarbunga |
| Date | 877 ± 2[1] |
| Type | Fissure vents |
| Location | 64°10′52″N 18°45′09″W / 64.18111°N 18.75250°W |
| VEI | 4[2] |
Vatnaöldur (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈvahtnaˌœltʏr̥]) is the name of a series of craters in the Suðurland region of Iceland. They are located in the Highlands of Iceland, north–west of the Veiðivötn and north–east of Landmannalaugar, within the municipality of Rangárþing ytra. It is part of the Eastern volcanic zone (EVZ).
The craters were formed during a series of eruptions associated with a basaltic dyke intrusion from the volcanic system of Bárðarbunga around the year 877.[a] These eruptions, like those of the neighbouring Veiðivötn, were from about 65 kilometres (40 mi) (or 42 kilometres (26 mi)[5]) long volcanic fissures within the area of a lake. The mainly explosive eruptions emitted 5–10 km3 (1.2–2.4 cu mi) of tholeiite basalt.[6][5] There was an associated rhyolite eruption near Torfajökull triggered by the intrusion.[7]: 388 The associated tephra layer is called the Settlement layer.[1]
See also[edit]
- List of volcanic eruptions in Iceland
- Volcanism of Iceland
- Geology of Iceland
- List of volcanoes in Iceland
- Geological deformation of Iceland
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Gabriel, I.; Plunkett, G.; Abbott, P.M.; Behrens, M.; Burke, A.; Chellman, N.; Cook, E.; Fleitmann, D.; Hörhold, M.; Hutchison, W.; McConnell, J.R. (2024). "Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period". Communications Earth & Environment. 5 (1): 194. Bibcode:2024ComEE...5..194G. doi:10.1038/s43247-024-01350-6.
- ^ "Bárðarbunga". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2024-06-29.
- ^ Gudmundsdóttir, E.R.; Larsen, G.; Björck, S.; Ingólfsson, Ó.; Striberger, J. (2016). "A new high-resolution Holocene tephra stratigraphy in eastern Iceland: Improving the Icelandic and North Atlantic tephrochronology". Quaternary Science Reviews. 150: 234–249. Bibcode:2016QSRv..150..234G. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.08.011. ISSN 0277-3791.
- ^ Büntgen, U.; Eggertsson, Ó.; Wacker, L.; Sigl, M.; Ljungqvist, F.C.; Di Cosmo, N.; Plunkett; Krusic, P.J.; Newfield, T.P.; Esper, J.; Lane, C. (2017). "Multi-proxy dating of Iceland's major pre-settlement Katla eruption to 822–823 CE". Geology. 45 (9): 783–786. Bibcode:2017Geo....45..783B. doi:10.1130/G39269.1.
- ^ a b Smithsonian Global Volcanism Program - Vatnaöldur
- ^ G. Larsen, Thor Thordarson: Phreatomagmatism in the Eastern Volcanic Zone; 25 July 2010
- ^ Zellmer, G.F.; Rubin, K.H.; Grönvold, K.; Jurado-Chichay, Z. (2008). "On the recent bimodal magmatic processes and their rates in the Torfajökull–Veidivötn area, Iceland". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 269 (3–4): 387–397. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.02.026.
Sources[edit]
- G. Larsen, Thor Thordarson: Phreatomagmatism in the Eastern Volcanic Zone; Retrieved July 25, 2010
- Commentary by volcanologist Haraldur Sigurðsson on Bárðarbunga and Vatnaöldur eruptions (Icelandic)
- Vatnaöldur. The Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution
- Vulkanology by Haraldur Sigurðsson on Bárðarbunga and Vatnaöldur Eruptions (Isländish)
- Faculty of Earth Sciences - University of Iceland 2013. Gravity studies of the structure of the Vatnaöldur and Veiðivötn crater rows, South Central Iceland. Jeanne M. Giniaux