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{{Infobox caste |
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|caste_name= Velama |
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|classification= |
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|populated_states= [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Tamil Nadu]] |
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|languages= [[Telugu language|Telugu]], [[Tamil language|Tamil]] |
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|religions= [[Hinduism]] |
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}} |
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'''Velama''' is a caste found mainly in [[Andhra Pradesh]]. The earliest occurrence of "Velama" as a term for a community dates from the 17th century. According to some historians, warriors who migrated from Velanadu (part of present day [[Guntur]] district of Andhra Pradesh) to the [[Kakatiya]] empire in the 11th century came to be called "Velama".{{cn|date=June 2013}} |
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==Origin and history== |
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In modern times the Velamas are classed as "Upper Shudras".<ref name="Bhattacharya2002">{{cite book|first=Sabyasachi |last=Bhattacharya|title=Education and the disprivileged: nineteenth and twentieth century India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=f-jBIp3iWdEC&pg=PA17|accessdate=2011-07-04|year=2002|publisher=Orient Blackswan|isbn=978-81-250-2192-6|page=17}}</ref><ref name="Tapper1988">{{cite book|first=Bruce Elliot |last=Tapper|title=Rivalry and tribute: society and ritual in a Telugu village in South India|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=h-vZAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA56|accessdate=2011-07-04|year=1988|publisher=Hindustan Pub. Corp.|isbn=978-81-7075-003-1|page=56}}</ref><ref name="Kancha2010">{{cite book|first=Ilaiah |last=Kancha|title=The Weapon Of The Other: Dalitbahujan Writings And The Remaking Of Indian Nationalist Thought|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9ANTprZwn9YC&pg=PA130|accessdate=2011-07-04|year=2010|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-7758-246-8|pages=130–}}</ref> However, they consider themselves to once have been pre-eminent among the Telugu warrior communities and to be descended from the Kakatiyas who had ruled a kingdom between 1175 and 1325.<ref name="Price193">{{cite book |chapter=Kin, Clan, and Power in Colonial South India |first=Pamela |last=Price |title=Unfamiliar Relations: Family and History in South Asia |editor-first=Indrani |editor-last=Chatterjee |publisher=Rutgers University Press |year=2004 |pages=193-195 |isbn=978-0-8135-3380-3 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=07U-GpRpLPoC}}</ref> |
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The Velamas are described by that name from the 17th century and in the following century some held [[zamindari]] positions under the kings of [[Golconda]], which gave them considerable powers over small regions in Andhra Pradesh. The kings chose to distinguish between these various Velama groups by adopting a system of ranks. This caused a competitive emphasis to be placed on the status and trappings of Velama communities, resulting in rivalries based on recognition of wealth and honours that had been historically granted. Among those that came to dominate were the Velugotis of [[Venkatagiri]], in the coastal [[Nellore district]], and the Appa Raos of [[Nuzvid]]. Both of these laid claims to be recognised as royal clans, while other significant groups included the Pittapore Raos and the Ranga Raos. The Velugotis traced their history to the 12th century and had lived in various places before settling in Nellore district in 1695; their prestige became such that in the 1870s their sons were adopted as heirs by rival Velama clan leaders, such as the Pittapores, whose own lineage otherwise faced extinction due to infertility or early death of male children. Such arrangements enhanced the status of the adopter and the influence of the Velugotis.<ref name="Price193" /> |
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According to Cynthia Talbot, Velama and Padmanayaka are not synonymous.<ref>{{cite book |title=Pre-colonial India in Practice: Society, Region and Identity in Medieval Andhra |first=Cynthia |last=Talbot |year=2001 |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=191 |isbn=ISBN 0-19-513661-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pfAKljlCJq0C |accessdate=2012-03-27}}</ref> Velama and Padmanayaka were listed as separate communities in ''Bhimeswara Puranamu''.<ref>Musunuri Nayaks: A Forgotten Chapter of Andhra History, M. Somasekhara Sarma, 1948, Andhra University Press, Waltair</ref> |
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==Notable personalities== |
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*[[Damarla Chennappa Nayakudu]], after whom the historical city of [[Chennai]] was named |
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*[[Ramakrishna Ranga Rao of Bobbili]], Chief minister of the erstwhile Madras Presidency |
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*[[Raja of Panagal]], Chief minister of the erstwhile Madras Presidency and founder of the Justice Party |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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*{{cite book |title=Konduru: Structure and Integration in a South Indian Village |first=Paul G. |last=Hiebert |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-8166-0593-4 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=J0gwZ_MBkmMC}} |
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*{{cite book |title=Rethinking India's Oral and Classical Epics: Draupadī Among Rajputs, Muslims, and Dalits |first=Alf |last=Hiltebeitel |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=1999 |isbn=978-0-226-34051-7 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=MMFdosx0PokC}} |
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* Katten, Michael; Making Caste In Nineteenth-Century India: A History of Telling the Bobbili Katha & Velama Identity, University of California at Berkeley, USA |
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* Roghair, Gene H; 1982, The epic of Palnadu: a study and translation of Palnati virula katha, a Telugu oral tradition from Andhra Pradesh, India, Oxford University Press |
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* Prasad, Durga; 1988, [http://202.41.85.234:8000/gw_44_5/hi-res/hcu_images/G2.pdf History of the Andhras Till 1565 A.D., Durga Prasad], PG Publishers, Guntur |
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*{{cite book |title=The New Cambridge History of India, Volume 1, Part 2 |first1=Burton |last1=Stein |first2=Gordon |last2=Johnson |first3=Christopher Alan |last3=Bayly |first4=John F. |last4=Richards |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1989 |isbn=978-0-521-26693-2 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=OpxeaYQbGDMC}} |
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*{{cite book |title=Penumbral visions: making polities in early modern South India |first=Sanjay |last=Subrahmanyam |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-472-11216-6 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4Ju6z8PbTuAC}} |
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[[Category:Indian castes]] |
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[[Category:Social groups of India]] |
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[[Category:Tamil society]] |
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[[Category:Telugu society]] |
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[[Category:Social groups of Tamil Nadu]] |
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[[Category:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh]] |
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Revision as of 16:58, 29 July 2013
No cast only humanism is the cast