Victoria boliviana
| Victoria boliviana | |
|---|---|
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| Victoria boliviana growing at Kew Gardens, London | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Order: | Nymphaeales |
| Family: | Nymphaeaceae |
| Genus: | Victoria |
| Species: | V. boliviana
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| Binomial name | |
| Victoria boliviana Magdalena & L.T.Sm.
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| Distribution of Victoria boliviana | |
Victoria boliviana, or the Bolivian waterlily[1] is a new species of water lily within the genus Victoria in the family Nymphaeaceae. It is the newest described species of the genus and its largest member in size and was officially identified in 2022.[2] In January 2023, the species was awarded three Guinness World Record titles for world's largest waterlily species, world's largest waterlily leaf and world's largest undivided leaf, with the latter two specifically recognizing a specimen grown in 2012 at La Rinconada Gardens in Santa Cruz, Bolivia.[3]
Etymology
[edit]The specific epithet boliviana references its origin in Bolivia.[2]
Description
[edit]The leaves of Victoria boliviana regularly grow to around 3m wide; the largest recorded leaf measured 3.2m across from a plant in the La Rinconada Gardens in Bolivia.[2] It is clear from the photograph of this largest leaf (3 m (9.8 ft)) that the rims were not included in the measurement.[4] [5] [6] If the 8 cm (3.1 in) rims are included, the leaf is then fully 3.35 m (11.0 ft) in width, equal to the largest leaves of Gunnera manicata, and exceeded only by Amorphophallus titanum and Musa ingens among herbaceous plants. The leaves are so large that they are capable of carrying the weight of an adult human, as proven by Alberto Trinco, conservatory manager for the Princess of Wales Conservatory at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[7]
The lily produces multiple flowers in succession each year, with each opening one at a time and blooming for just two nights. The flowers, which are covered in prickles, are white and subsequently turn pink. The center of the flower is an intense violet.[8] Flowers of the genus Victoria are pollinated by beetles of the genus Cyclocephala[9]
The chromosome count is 2n = 2x = 24.[10]
Taxonomy
[edit]The issue of Victoria taxonomy is complicated through the loss of the type collections of other species. In addition, the plants are difficult to collect, due to their enormous size, prickles and their susceptibility to disintegrating, before the material could be properly conserved.[10]
Delimitation from Victoria cruziana and Victoria amazonica
[edit]Victoria boliviana differs in many different features from the remaining two species of the genus. This includes its larger seed and ovule size (each seed being about 70% longer and wider, and over four times as voluminous as those of V. amazonica and V. cruziana),[10] as well as its moderate or intermediate rim height of the leaf lamina. Also, unlike V. amazonica and V. cruziana, it lacks trichomes (plant hairs) on its outer tepals and on the ovary.[10] The chromosome count is shared with Victoria cruziana, but differs from Victoria amazonica. It is also most similar to Victoria cruziana. Some features have an overlapping range, however in combination many differences can be observed.[10] As mentioned, the center of the flower is a strong violet, while that , for instance, of Victoria cruziana is red.
Position within the genus Victoria
[edit]This species is the sister group to Victoria cruziana. This leads to the following relationships:[10]
| Victoria |
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Ecology
[edit]This species is native to the Bolivian wetlands.[2] It has been observed to be pollinated by beetles.[10]
History
[edit]Specimens of this species have remained unrecognised as distinct entities for a long time, although they were present in collections, including a drawing held in Kew from an 1845 specimen.[2] Bolivian seeds were donated to the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew in 2016. Based on this material genetic studies were made, which resulted in the recognition of this third Victoria species as a separate and distinct entity.[11]
Conservation
[edit]This species is estimated to fall between the IUCN Red List categories Vulnerable (VU) and Endangered (EN). There are five known populations present in Bolivia.[10]
Gallery
[edit]-
Plants growing at Kew Gardens -
Underside of leaf along with immature flowers -
Victoria boliviana flower growing at Kew Gardens
References
[edit]- ^ "Bolivian waterlily" Archived 2023-01-23 at the Wayback Machine Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Retrieved 23 January 2023
- ^ a b c d e Brewer, G. (2022, July 4). "Uncovering the giant waterlily: A botanical wonder of the world." Archived 2022-07-04 at the Wayback Machine Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Retrieved July 4, 2022
- ^ "Unbeleafable! How the world's largest waterlily went unnoticed for decades in plain sight". Guinness World Records. 2023-01-30. Retrieved 2023-02-06.
- ^ Requena-Gallo, Cecilia (July 7, 2022). "Como Llego a Santa Cruz la Hoja de Victoria boliviana mas grande del Mundo". Retrieved August 18, 2022.
- ^ <anonymous> (April 2, 2017). "La Rinconada - The Dream of a Visionary". Retrieved August 20, 2022.
- ^ <anonymous> (2022). "La Rinconada - Un Bosque para Recuperar al Nino". Retrieved August 20, 2022.
- ^ Alberto Trinco [@an_italian_in_kew] (22 July 2022). "So this happened this morning! Can a leaf hold the weight of a person? It definitely can! I wanted to do it since last year and now i finally had the chance. What a thrill! This huge leaf of the Victoria boliviana is over 2.75 meters, and holding me it's taking more than 70kg! White plastic lid helps with spreading the weight, ladder on the side to mount (and dismount) in a more or less gracious way". Kew Gardens. Retrieved 26 July 2022 – via Instagram.
- ^ <not stated> (2023). "How the World's Largest Waterlily Went Unnoticed for Decades". Retrieved July 15, 2023.
- ^ Proctor, Michael (1996). The Natural History of Pollination. Portland: Timber Press. p. 310.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Smith, Lucy T; Magdalena, Carlos; Przelomska, Natalia A. S.; Pérez-Escobar, Oscar A.; Antonelli, Alexandre K.; Melgar-Gómez, Darío G.; Beck, Stephan; Negrão, Raquel; Mian, Sahr; Leitch, Ilia J.; Dodsworth, Steven; Maurin, Olivier; Ribero-Guardia, Gaston; Salazar, César D.; Gutierrez-Sibauty, Gloria (4 July 2022). "Revised Species Delimitation in the Giant Water Lily Genus Victoria (Nymphaeaceae) Confirms a New Species and Has Implications for Its Conservation". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 883151. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.883151. PMC 9289450. PMID 35860537.
- ^ Horton, H. (2022, July 4). "Newly identified waterlily species is world’s largest." Archived 2022-07-04 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian. Retrieved July 4, 2022