Vrij Nederland
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Vrij Nederland (Free Netherlands) is a Dutch magazine which was established during the German occupation of the Netherlands in World War II as an underground newspaper but has since grown into a magazine. The weekly magazine is generally considered to be intellectually left-wing. It is conventionally considered to be one of the four most influential written media in its sector, along with HP/De Tijd, De Groene Amsterdammer and Elsevier.
The first issue was published on 31 August 1940. The chief editors have included:
- 1940-1942: Frans Hofker
- 1941-1950: Henk van Randwijk
- 1950-1955: Johan Winkler
- 1955-1969: nl
- 1969-1991: Rinus Ferdinandusse
- 1991-1997: Joop van Tijn
- 1998-2000: Oscar Garschagen
- 2001-2004: Xandra Schutte
- 2004-2005: Gerard van Westerloo (interim)
- 2005-2008: Emile Fallaux
- 2008–present: Frits van Exter
The circulations have decreased from 1945 on, but had an increase in the 1970s:
- 1945: 109.000
- 1947: 32.000
- 1951: 35.000
- 1955: 19.000
- 1960: 23.000
- 1965: 36.950
- 1970: 81.378
- 1975: 109.381
- 1978: 117.165
- 1980: 111.857
- 1985: 97.132
- 1990: 76.947
- 2000: 55.947
- 2001: 53.669 (-4,1%)
- 2002: 53.413 (-0,5%)
- 2003: 52.868 (-1,0%)
- 2004: 50.124 (-5,2%)
- 2005: 49.244 (-1,8%)
- 2006: 47.082 (-4,4%)
- 2007: 46.671 (-0,9%)
- 2008: 44.115 (-5,5%)
- 2009: 44.860 (+1,7%)
- 2010: 48.353 (+7,8%)
- 2011: 45.534 (-5,8%)
- 2012: 40.872 (-10,2%)
- 2013: 35.649 (-12,8%)
External links
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