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[[Image:Vuvuzela red.jpg|thumb|300px|Vuvuzela made of plastic]]
[[Image:Vuvuzela red.jpg|thumb|300px|Vuvuzela made of plastic]]
A '''vuvuzela''', sometimes called a "lepatata" (its [[Setswana]] name) or a stadium horn, is a [[blowing horn]], approximately one metre in length, commonly blown by [[fan (person)|fans]] at [[football]] matches in [[South Africa]]. They require some lip and lung strength to blow and emit a loud monotone like a [[foghorn]] or an [[elephant]].<ref name=fifa>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/southafricafromatoz/letter=v/index.html|title=V is for Vuvuzela|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=2008-09-09}}</ref> A similar instrument (known as ''corneta'' in [[Brazil]] and Latin American countries) is used by football (soccer) fans in South America.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}
A '''vuvuzela''', sometimes called a "lepatata" (its [[Setswana]] name) or a stadium horn, is a [[blowing horn]], approximately one metre in length, commonly blown by [[fan (person)|fans]] at [[football]] matches in [[South Africa]]. They require some lip and lung strength to blow and emit a loud monotone like a [[foghorn]] or an [[elephant]]. They are generally considered to be quite annoying, how one can play football with them playing in the background is unknown. Penalties in games with them being used are often fluffed. <ref name=fifa>{{cite web|url=http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/destination/southafricafromatoz/letter=v/index.html|title=V is for Vuvuzela|publisher=FIFA|accessdate=2008-09-09}}</ref> A similar instrument (known as ''corneta'' in [[Brazil]] and Latin American countries) is used by football (soccer) fans in South America.{{Citation needed|date=June 2010}}


Vuvuzelas have been controversial <ref name=makhaye>{{cite news
Vuvuzelas have been controversial <ref name=makhaye>{{cite news
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Revision as of 14:38, 11 June 2010

Vuvuzela made of plastic

A vuvuzela, sometimes called a "lepatata" (its Setswana name) or a stadium horn, is a blowing horn, approximately one metre in length, commonly blown by fans at football matches in South Africa. They require some lip and lung strength to blow and emit a loud monotone like a foghorn or an elephant. They are generally considered to be quite annoying, how one can play football with them playing in the background is unknown. Penalties in games with them being used are often fluffed. [1] A similar instrument (known as corneta in Brazil and Latin American countries) is used by football (soccer) fans in South America.[citation needed]

Vuvuzelas have been controversial [2][3], linked to permanent noise-induced hearing loss[4], potentiality spreading colds and flu germs on a greater scale than coughing or shouting[5], and injury to pets who generally have more sensitive hearing and are more likely to run away because of being terrified by the sound[6].

Origin

Originally made out of tin, the vuvuzela became popular in South Africa in the 1990s. Well-known Kaizer Chiefs FC fan Freddie "Saddam" Maake claims to have invented the vuvuzela by adapting an aluminium version as early as 1965 from a bicycle horn after removing the black rubber to blow with his mouth. He later found it to be too short and joined a pipe to make it longer. Maake has photos of him in the 1970s and 1980s at local South African games and international games in 1992 and 1996 and at the 1998 World Cup in France, holding the aluminium vuvuzela. He says the instrument was banned as authorities ruled it a dangerous weapon, which prompted him to find a plastic company that could manufacture it.[7]

In 2001, South Africa-based company Masincedane Sport began to mass-produce a plastic version.[8][9] Neil van Schalkwyk, the co-owner of Masincedane Sport, won the SAB KickStart Award in 2001.[10]

Vuvuzelas have been said to be rooted in African history, but this is disputed.[11] People would blow on a kudu horn to call villagers to a meeting.[8][dubious – discuss] Adding to the appeal is South African folklore that "A baboon is killed by a lot of noise."[citation needed] During the last quarter of a match, supporters blow vuvuzelas frantically in an attempt to "kill off" their opponents.[12][13]

Origin of the term

The origin of the name vuvuzela is disputed. It may have originated from Zulu for "making a vuvu noise," directly translated "vuvu-ing" because of the "vuvu" sound it makes, or from township slang related to the word for "shower".[8]. Alternately, township slang may have adopted the name for a shower head based on the word vuvuzela because of its similar appearance. Slang in townships of South Africa also adapted the word vuvuzela to describe pumping up a performance[citation needed].

In early 2010 members of the Nazareth Baptist Church claimed that the vuvuzela belonged to their church, and threatened to pursue legal action to stop fans playing the vuvuzela at the World Cup.[14]

2009 FIFA Confederations Cup and 2010 FIFA World Cup

South African fan blowing a vuvuzela at the final draw for the 2010 World Cup

The vuvuzela came to international attention during the run-up to the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup and 2010 FIFA World Cup, both hosted in South Africa. The world football governing body, FIFA, wanted to ban the use of vuvuzelas during the World Cup 2010 because of concerns that hooligans could use the instrument as a weapon and that businesses could place advertisements on vuvuzelas. However the South African Football Association (SAFA) made a presentation that vuvuzelas were essential for an authentic South African football experience,[2] and FIFA decided in July 2008 to drop the ban, allowing vuvuzelas at Confederations Cup.[15] President of FIFA Sepp Blatter opposed banning the vuvuzela, saying "We should not try to Europeanise an African World Cup."[16] FIFA ultimately decided to allow the instrument for the 2010 World Cup as well,[17] except for Vuvuzelas being longer than one meter.[18]

Some football commentators, players, and international audiences argued against the vuvuzela during the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup. During the match between United States and Italy, BBC Three commentator Lee Dixon referred to the sounds as "quite irritating". FIFA received complaints from multiple European broadcasters who wanted it banned for the 2010 FIFA World Cup because the sound drowns out the commentators. Netherlands coach Bert van Marwijk and Spanish midfielder Xabi Alonso also called for a ban, the latter saying the horns make it hard for players to communicate and concentrate while adding nothing to the atmosphere.[16][19]

During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Hyundai and a local South African advertising agency called Jupiter Drawing Room created the largest working vuvuzela in the world - 114 feet (35 m) long - on an unfinished flyover road in Cape Town.[20] The vuvuzela is powered by several air horns attached at the mouth piece end, and it will be blown at the beginning of each of the World Cup Matches.

See also

References

  1. ^ "V is for Vuvuzela". FIFA. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
  2. ^ a b Makhaye, Chris (2008-07-13). "Blasts of joy as vuvuzelas unbanned". IOL.
  3. ^ "Are vuvuzelas a safety risk?". IOL. 2010-05-27.
  4. ^ "World Cup horn risks permanent damage to hearing: study". Associated Press. 2010-06-08. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  5. ^ Snyman, Mia (2010-06-10). "Study: Vuvuzela could spread colds and flu". Associated Press. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  6. ^ Presence, Chantall (2010-06-10). "SPCA worried by vuvuzelas". iafrica.com. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
  7. ^ Moyo, Phathisani (2010-01-08). "Vuvuzela Creator Blown Off". Mail & Guardian.
  8. ^ a b c "Vuvuzela: SA football's beautiful noise". SouthAfrica.info. Retrieved 2008-09-09.
  9. ^ "The Boogieblast Vuvuzela". Retrieved 2008-09-09.
  10. ^ "SAB moves to protect vuvuzela". Fin24. 2004-05-19.
  11. ^ "The Real Vuvuzela Story". 2009-06-19.
  12. ^ "Vuvuzela here to stay". News24. 2004-05-23.
  13. ^ "Blow the vuvuzela if you're a fan". 2008-08-13.
  14. ^ Fisher, Jonah (16 January 2010). "Unholy row over World Cup trumpet". BBC Sport. Retrieved 2010-01-16.
  15. ^ "Fifa gives Vuvuzelas thumbs up". 11/07/2008. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  16. ^ a b "Dutch coach joins chorus to ban vuvuzela". ESPN Soccernet. 2009-06-20. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
  17. ^ "FIFA give vuvuzela green light for World Cup". 2009-07-17. Retrieved 2009-07-18.
  18. ^ "FIFA verbiedt lange vuvuzela's (Dutch language)". 2010-06-10. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
  19. ^ "Fifa to discuss vuvuzela future". BBC SPORT. 18 June 2009.
  20. ^ http://www.chrisrawlinson.com/2010/06/hyundai-cape-town-giant-vuvuzela/
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