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The phrase was originally a [[catch phrase]] popularized by [[Flip Wilson]]'s drag persona ''"Geraldine"'' (from [[Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In]] in the late 60s and then on ''[[The Flip Wilson Show]]'' until 1974), who would often say "What you see is what you get" to excuse her quirky behavior. The phrase proved popular enough to become the title of a hit single by The Dramatics in 1971.
The phrase was originally a [[catch phrase]] popularized by [[Flip Wilson]]'s drag persona ''"Geraldine"'' (from [[Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In]] in the late 60s and then on ''[[The Flip Wilson Show]]'' until 1974), who would often say "What you see is what you get" to excuse her quirky behavior. The phrase proved popular enough to become the title of a hit single by The Dramatics in 1971.


==Meaning==
== ==意義
（（Refimprovesect |日期= 2010年5月））
{{Refimprovesect|date=May 2010}}


所見即所得意味著 [[用戶界面]]，允許用戶查看的東西非常相似，最後的結果，而[[文件]]正在創建（（編輯 |日期= 2010年5月））。一般來說所見即所得意味著能夠直接操縱 [[佈局]]一個文件，而不必記住的名字或類型的佈局命令。實際的意義取決於用戶的角度來看，如
WYSIWYG implies a [[user interface]] that allows the user to view something very similar to the end result while the [[document]] is being created {{Citation needed|date=May 2010}}. In general WYSIWYG implies the ability to directly manipulate the [[layout]] of a document without having to type or remember names of layout commands. The actual meaning depends on the user's perspective, e.g.
*在[[演示程序]]秒，[[複合文檔]] s和[[網頁瀏覽器|網頁]]，所見即所得的方式顯示恰恰代表了外觀的網頁上顯示給最終用戶，但不一定反映如何將打印的頁面，除非是專門的打印機相匹配的編輯程序，因為它是與 [[施樂之星]]和早期版本的[[蘋果 |蘋果的Macintosh]]。
*In [[Presentation program]]s, [[Compound document]]s and [[Web browser|web pages]], WYSIWYG means the display precisely represents the appearance of the page displayed to the end-user, but does not necessarily reflect how the page will be printed unless the printer is specifically matched to the editing program, as it was with the [[Xerox Star]] and early versions of the [[Macintosh|Apple Macintosh]].
*在文字處理和[[桌面出版]]申請，所見即所得的方式顯示模擬的外觀和效果恰恰代表了字體和換行符在最後分頁使用特定的[[電腦打印機 |打印機配置]]，這樣，第1頁上引用了500頁的文件可以準確地指向一個參考 300頁之後。<ref name="Chamberlin1987">（（舉期刊|末=伯林|第一=唐納德四|年= 1987 |月= 9月|標題 =文件格式收斂的一個互動系統 |期刊雜誌 = IBM公司的研究和開發 |量= 31 |問題 = 1 |頁 = 59 |網址 = http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd / 311/ibmrd3101F.pdf | accessdate = 2008-05-06））</號>
*In Word Processing and [[Desktop Publishing]] applications, WYSIWYG means the display simulates the appearance and precisely represents the effect of fonts and line breaks on the final pagination using a specific [[Computer printer|printer configuration]], so that a citation on page 1 of a 500-page document can accurately refer to a reference three hundred pages later.<ref name="Chamberlin1987">{{cite journal|last=Chamberlin|first=Donald D.|year=1987|month=September|title=Document convergence in an interactive formatting system|journal=IBM Journal of Research and Development|volume=31|issue=1|pages=59|url=http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/rd/311/ibmrd3101F.pdf|accessdate=2008-05-06}}</ref>
*所見即所得還介紹了如何操縱 3D模型[[立體]]，[[計算機輔助設計]]，[[三維計算機圖形]]，是品牌名稱 [http://www.castlighting.com/cast /軟件 / products.jsp？SUBCATID = 2演員軟件的照明設計工具]用於影院行業預可視化的節目。
*WYSIWYG also describes ways to manipulate 3D models in [[Stereochemistry]], [[Computer-aided design]], [[3D computer graphics]] and is the brand name of [http://www.castlighting.com/cast/software/products.jsp?SUBCATID=2 Cast Software's lighting design tool] used in the theatre industry for pre-visualisation of shows.
[[圖片：Lorem存有 - 所見即所得恩乳膠 - tekst阿爾斯 paden.svg |拇指| 300px |右|該方案在左邊使用一個所見即所得的編輯器來產生一個 [[Lorem存有]]文件。該方案在右側包含[[LaTeX的]]代碼，編譯時會產生一個文件，它將看起來非常類似的文件在左側。編制格式的代碼是不是一個所見即所得的過程。]]
[[Image:Lorem Ipsum - WYSIWYG en Latex - tekst als paden.svg|thumb|300px|right|The program on the left uses a WYSIWYG editor to produce a [[Lorem Ipsum]] document. The program on the right contains [[LaTeX]] code, which when compiled will produce a document that will look very similar to the document on the left. Compilation of formatting code is not a WYSIWYG process.]]


現代軟件做了很好的優化屏幕顯示特定類型的輸出。例如，[[文字處理]]適合用於輸出到一個典型的打印機。該軟件的決議往往仿效的打印機，以獲得盡可能接近，以所見即所得。然而，這不是主要的所見即所得的吸引力，這是能力的用戶能夠想像他或她正在生產。
Modern software does a good job of optimizing the screen display for a particular type of output. For example, a [[word processor]] is optimized for output to a typical printer. The software often emulates the resolution of the printer in order to get as close as possible to WYSIWYG. However, that is not the main attraction of WYSIWYG, which is the ability of the user to be able to visualize what he or she is producing.


在許多情況下，微妙的差異你所看到的和你得到的是不重要的。事實上，應用程序可能會提供多種所見即所得模式不同程度的“現實主義”，包括
In many situations, the subtle differences between what you see and what you get are unimportant. In fact, applications may offer multiple WYSIWYG modes with different levels of "realism," including
*一個組成模式，其中用戶看到的東西有點類似的最終結果，但是帶來了額外的有用信息，而創作，如分節符和非打印字符，並使用一個佈局更有利於構成比的佈局。
*A composition mode, in which the user sees something somewhat similar to the end result, but with additional information useful while composing, such as section breaks and non-printing characters, and uses a layout that is more conducive to composing than to layout.
*一個佈局模式，用戶在其中看到的東西非常相似，最終結果，但與其他一些有用的信息，確保內容是正確對齊和間距，如保證金線。
*A layout mode, in which the user sees something very similar to the end result, but with some additional information useful in ensuring that elements are properly aligned and spaced, such as margin lines.
*預覽模式，在該應用程序試圖提交一份意見書，是接近最後的結果是可能的。
*A preview mode, in which the application attempts to present a representation that is as close to the final result as possible.


應用程序可能故意偏離或提供另一種創作的佈局，因為從一所見即所得架空或根據用戶的喜好來直接輸入命令或代碼。
Applications may deliberately deviate or offer alternative composing layouts from a WYSIWYG because of overhead or the user's preference to enter commands or code directly.


==Historical notes==
==Historical notes==

Revision as of 15:39, 19 June 2010

For other uses, see WYSIWYG (disambiguation).

WYSIWYG (Template:Pron-en[1]), is an acronym for What You See Is What You Get. The term is used in computing to describe a system in which content displayed during editing appears very similar to the final output,[2] which might be a printed document, web page, slide presentation or even the lighting for a theatrical event.[3] [clarification needed]

The phrase was originally a catch phrase popularized by Flip Wilson's drag persona "Geraldine" (from Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In in the late 60s and then on The Flip Wilson Show until 1974), who would often say "What you see is what you get" to excuse her quirky behavior. The phrase proved popular enough to become the title of a hit single by The Dramatics in 1971.

== ==意義 （（Refimprovesect |日期= 2010年5月））

所見即所得意味著 用戶界面，允許用戶查看的東西非常相似，最後的結果，而文件正在創建（（編輯 |日期= 2010年5月））。一般來說所見即所得意味著能夠直接操縱 佈局一個文件，而不必記住的名字或類型的佈局命令。實際的意義取決於用戶的角度來看，如

  • 在演示程序秒，複合文檔 s和網頁，所見即所得的方式顯示恰恰代表了外觀的網頁上顯示給最終用戶，但不一定反映如何將打印的頁面，除非是專門的打印機相匹配的編輯程序，因為它是與 施樂之星和早期版本的蘋果的Macintosh。
  • 在文字處理和桌面出版申請，所見即所得的方式顯示模擬的外觀和效果恰恰代表了字體和換行符在最後分頁使用特定的打印機配置，這樣，第1頁上引用了500頁的文件可以準確地指向一個參考 300頁之後。Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).

In parallel with but independent of the work at Xerox PARC, Hewlett Packard developed and released in late 1978 the first commercial WYSIWYG software application for producing overhead slides or what today is called presentation graphics. The first release, named "BRUNO" (after an HP sales training puppet), ran on the HP-1000 minicomputer taking advantage of HP's first bit-mapped computer terminal. BRUNO was then ported to the HP-3000 and re-released as "HP Draw".

In the 1970s and early 1980s, most popular home computers lacked the sophisticated graphics capabilities necessary to display WYSIWYG documents, meaning that such applications were usually confined to limited-purpose, high-end workstations (such as the IBM Displaywriter System) that were too expensive for the general public to afford. Towards the mid 1980s, however, things began to change. Improving technology allowed the production of cheaper bitmapped displays, and WYSIWYG software started to appear for more popular computers, including LisaWrite for the Apple Lisa, released in 1983, and MacWrite for the Apple Macintosh, released in 1984.

The Apple Macintosh system was originally designed so that the screen resolution and the resolution of the ImageWriter dot-matrix printers sold by Apple were easily scaled: 72 PPI for the screen and 144 DPI for the printers. Thus, the scale and dimensions of the on-screen display in programs such as MacWrite and MacPaint were easily translated to the printed output—if you held the paper up to the screen, the printed image would be the same size as the on screen image, but at a higher resolution. As the ImageWriter was the only model of printer physically compatible with the Macintosh printer port, this created an effective, closed system. Later, when Macs using external displays became available, the resolution was fixed to the size of the screen to achieve 72dpi. These resolutions often differed from the VGA-standard resolutions common in the PC world at the time. Thus, while a Macintosh 14" monitor had the same 640x480 resolution as a PC, a 16" screen would be fixed at 832x624 rather than the 800x600 PCs used. With the introduction of third-party dot-matrix printers as well as laser printers and multisync monitors, resolutions deviated from even multiples of the screen resolution, making true WYSIWYG harder to achieve.

Etymology

Origination of this phrase from one of the engineers (Larry Sinclair) at Triple I (Information International) to express the idea that what you see on the screen is what you get on the printer on the "Page Layout System" a pre-press typesetting system at the time called the "AIDS system - Automated Information Documentation System first prototype shown at ANPS in Las Vegas and bought right off the showroom floor by the Pasadena Star News that year.

The phrase was originated by a newsletter published by Arlene and Jose Ramos, called WYSIWYG. It was created for the emerging Pre-Press industry going electronic in the late 1970s. After three years of publishing, the newsletter was sold to employees at the Stanford Research Institute in California.

Seybold and the researchers at PARC were simply reappropriating a popular catch phrase of the time originated by "Geraldine", Flip Wilson's drag persona from Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In in the late 60s and then on The Flip Wilson Show (1970–1974).[4][5]

Problems of implementation

Because designers of WYSIWYG applications typically have to account for a variety of different output devices, each of which has different capabilities, there are a number of problems that must be solved in each implementation. These can be seen as tradeoffs between multiple design goals, and hence applications that use different solutions may be suitable for different purposes.

Typically, the design goals of a WYSIWYG application may include

  • Provide high-quality printed output on a particular printer
  • Provide high-quality printed output on a variety of printers
  • Provide high-quality on-screen output
  • Allow the user to visualise what the document will look like when printed

It is not usually possible to achieve all of these goals at once.

The major problem to be overcome is that of varying output resolution. As of 2007, monitors typically have a resolution of between 92 and 125 pixels per inch. Printers generally have resolutions between 240 and 1440 pixels per inch; in some printers the horizontal resolution is different from the vertical. This becomes a problem when trying to lay out text; because older output technologies require the spacing between characters to be a whole number of pixels, rounding errors will cause the same text to require different amounts of space in different resolutions.

Solutions to this include

  • Always laying out the text using a resolution higher than you are likely to use in practice. This can result in poor quality output for lower resolution devices (although techniques such as anti-aliasing may help mitigate this), but provides a fixed layout, allowing easy user visualisation. This is the method used by Adobe Acrobat.
  • Laying out the text at the resolution of the printer the document will be printed on. This can result in low quality on-screen output, and the layout may sometimes change if the document is printed on a different printer (although this problem occurs less frequently with higher resolution printers, as rounding errors are smaller). This is the method used by Microsoft Word.
  • Laying out the text at the resolution of a specific printer (in most cases the default one) the document will be printed on using the same font information and kerning. The character positions and number of characters in a line are exactly similar to the printed document.
  • Laying out the text at the resolution for the output device it will be sent to. This often results in changes in layout between the on-screen display and printed output, so is rarely used. It is common in web page designing tools that claim to be WYSIWYG, however.

Other problems that have been faced in the past include printers that have a selection of fonts that are not identical to those used for on-screen display (largely solved by the use of downloadable font technologies like TrueType) and matching color profiles between different devices (mostly solved now thanks to printer drivers with good color model conversion software).

Support for WYSIWYG in modern OSs

All versions of Mac OS since Mac OS X support unconstrained glyph placement. The positioning and spacing of glyphs on-screen will exactly match printed documents unless a programmer specifically writes their program to act otherwise.

Applications for Microsoft Windows that use the Windows Presentation Foundation, included with the OS since Windows Vista, may place glyphs freely. Older Windows programs that use the Graphics Device Interface, the drawing system for all versions of Windows prior to Windows Vista are constrained by whole-pixel glyph positioning unless programmers produce custom text rendering code that calculates individual pixel colours for itself.

Many variations are used only to illustrate a point or make a joke, and have very limited real use. Some that have been proposed include

  • WYSIMOLWYG, What You See Is More Or Less What You Get, recognizing that most WYSIWYG implementations are imperfect.
  • WYSIAYG, What You See Is All You Get, used to point out that a style of "heading" that refers to a specification of "Helvetica 15 bold" provides more useful information than a style of "Helvetica 15 bold" every time a heading is used. This is also what Doug Engelbart prefers to call WYSIWYG since he feels it limits possibilities by modeling what we can do on paper[6].
  • WYSIWYM, What You See Is What You Mean (You see what best conveys the message.)
  • WYCIWYG, What You Cache is What You Get. "wyciwyg://" turns up occasionally in the address bar of Gecko-based Web browsers like Mozilla Firefox when the browser is retrieving cached information. Unauthorized access to wyciwyg:// documents was fixed by Mozilla in Firefox version 2.0.0.5.[7]
  • WYSYHYG, What You See You Hope You Get (/ˈwɪzihɪɡ/), a term ridiculing text mode word processing software; used in the Microsoft Windows Video Collection, a video distributed around 1991 on two VHS cassettes at promotional events.
  • WYSIWYS, What You See Is What You Sign, an important requirement for digital signature software. It means that the software has to be able to show you the content without any hidden content before you sign it.
  • WYSIWYW, What You See Is What You Want, used to describe GNU TeXmacs editing platform[8]. The abbreviation clarifies that unlike in WYSIWYG editors, the user is able to customize WYSIWYW platforms to partly act as manual typesetting programs such as TeX or troff.
  • YAFIYGI, You Asked For It You Got It. A term used to describe a text-command oriented document editing system that does not include WYSIWYG, in reference to the fact that users of such systems often ask for something they didn't really want. Effectively the opposite of WYSIWYG. The phrase was first used in this context in 1983 in the essay Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal to describe the TECO text editor system, and began to be abbreviated circa 1993.[9][10]

Standardization

See also

Notes & references

  1. ^ Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Retrieved November 09, 2007, from Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/wysiwyg
  2. ^ "Compact Oxford English Dictionary: WYSIWYG". Oxford University Press.
  3. ^ https://www.cast-soft.com/cast/products/meetwysiwyg.php
  4. ^ Hiltzik, Michael (1999). Dealers of Lightning: Xerox PARC and the Dawn of the Computer Age. HarperBusiness. p. 200. ISBN 0-88730-891-0.
  5. ^ Lohr, Steve (2001). Go To. Basic Books. p. 128. ISBN 0465042260. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
  6. ^ http://www.invisiblerevolution.net Invisible Revolution
  7. ^ MFSA 2007-24 Unauthorized access to wyciwyg:// documents
  8. ^ Welcome to GNU TeXmacs (FSF GNU project)
  9. ^ Eric S. Raymond (ed). "The Jargon File 4.4.7: YAFIYGI". {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  10. ^ "Real Programmers Don't Use Pascal". (originally published in Datamation vol 29 no. 7, July 1983)
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