Waimanu

Waimanu Temporal range: Paleocene,
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Sphenisciformes
Genus:	†Waimanu Slack et al. 2006
Type species
†Waimanu manneringi Slack et al. 2006

Waimanu is a genus of early penguin which lived during the Paleocene soon after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Its discovery helped support the idea that the radiation of the Neoaves (including most modern birds) either took place before the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs or extremely rapidly immediately after. DNA-studies seem to indicate the latter. While it was a very early member of the Sphenisciformes (the order that included modern penguins), Waimanu was already flightless like all modern penguins, with wings specialized for wing-propelled diving, though its wing bones do not yet show the extreme specializations modern penguins have for an aquatic lifestyle. It may have resembled a flightless loon in body shape, and possibly the great auk in its manner of locomotion. Both DNA sequence analyses and anatomy argue for a close relationship between penguins and loons, with penguins being specialized for wing-propelled diving, and loons for foot-propelled diving.

Discovered in the Kokoamu Greensand near the Waipara River, in Canterbury, New Zealand, in 1980, the name Waimanu comes from Māori for "waterbird". One species is known, Waimanu manneringi from the Middle Paleocene about 60 million years ago (mya). A second species, Waimanu tuatahi, was moved to Muriwaimanu in 2018.

External links

• Images of Waimanu specimens and a phylogram of early birds.
• Skull of world's oldest penguin found