William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Born	c. 1392
Died	1482
Noble family	House of Welf
Spouse(s)	Cecilia of Brandenburg Matilda of Holstein-Schauenburg
Father	Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Mother	Sophie of Pomarania

William KG (c. 1392 – 1482), called the Victorious (German: Wilhelm der Siegreiche), a member of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg. He was reigning prince of Lüneburg from 1416 to 1428 and of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1428 to 1432, counted either as William III or William IV. From 1432 he ruled over the newly established Principality of Calenberg, from 1463 also over the Principality of Göttingen. In 1473 he stepped down in favour of his sons, to assume the rule in Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.

Life

William was the eldest son of the Brunswick duke Henry the Mild and his consort Sophia, daughter of the Griffin duke Wartislaw IV of Pomerania. Upon his father's death in 1416, he inherited the Principality of Lüneburg-Celle which he ruled jointly with his younger brother Henry the Peaceful. William turned out to be an energetic ruler; he soon entered into numerous feuds with neighbouring princes such as the Archbishop of Bremen and the Bishop of Hildesheim, and supported the Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein in their fight against King Eric of Denmark. He also fought with Margrave Frederick of Meissen defeating the Hussite forces in the 1421 Battle of Brüx.

In 1428 William and Henry swapped Lüneburg with their uncle Duke Bernard I, for the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and the later Calenberg territory stretching from the Deister hill range to the Leine river. However, while again on a campaign in 1432, William was deposed by his brother. After fierce fratricidal warfare, he retained only the western part of Wolfenbüttel (to the west of the River Leine and separated from the rest of the Brunswick territory by the Prince-Bishopric of Hildesheim), which was to become known as the Principality of Calenberg, named after Williams residence at Calenberg Castle.

When the Brunswick princes of Göttingen became extinct with the death of Duke Otto the One-Eyed in 1463, William was able to take over their principality. After Henry the Peaceful died without sons in 1473, William had control of both parts of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel again; he ceded Calenberg and Göttingen to his sons Frederick III and William the Younger.

Family

In Berlin between 30 May/6 June 1423, William married firstly Cecilia (born c. 1405 – died 4 January 1449), daughter of the Hohenzollern elector Frederick I of Brandenburg. They had two sons:

• Frederick "the Turbulent" (c. 1424–1495)
• William "the Younger" (c. 1425–1503)

In 1466, William married secondly Matilda of Holstein-Schauenburg, daughter of Count Otto II of Schauenburg-Pinneberg, and widow of Duke Bernard II of Brunswick-Lüneburg. She died in Neustadt am Rübenberge on 22 July 1468, two days after giving birth a short-lived son, Otto (born 20 July 1468 – died 1471).

Ancestors

Family of William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

16. Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 8. Magnus the Pious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 17. Rixa of Werle 4. Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 18. Henry I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal 9. Sophie of Brandenburg-Stendal 19. Agnes of Bavaria 2. Henry the Mild, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 20. Bernhard II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg 10. Bernhard III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg 21. Helene of Rügen 5. Catherine of Anhalt-Bernburg 22. Rudolf I, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg 11. Agnes of Saxony 23. Jutta of Brandenburg-Salzwedel 1. William the Victorious, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg 24. Wartislaw IV, Duke of Pomerania 12. Barnim IV, Duke of Pomerania 25. Elisabeth of Lindow-Ruppin 6. Wartislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania 26. John II of Werle 13. Sophie of Werle 27. Mechtild of Brunswick-Grubenhagen 3. Sophie of Pomerania 28. Henry II of Mecklenburg 14. John I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Stargard 29. Anna of Saxe-Wittenberg 7. Anne of Mecklenburg-Stargard 30. Adolf VII, Count of Holstein-Pinneberg and Schauenburg 15. Anna of Holstein-Pinneberg and Schauenburg 31. Hedwig of Lippe

References

• Zedlers Universal-Lexicon, vol. 56, p. 581-584
• William the Victorious of Lüneburg, Duke of Lüneburg at www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk.
• Wilhelm (William) "The Victorious" (1400–1482) at www.gwleibniz.com.