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Yasmine Belkaid

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Yasmine Belkaid
Born1968
Algiers, Alegeria
Alma materUniversity of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene
University of Paris-Sud
Pasteur Institute
Known forMicrobiome
AwardsSanofi-Pasteur Award
Scientific career
FieldsImmunology, Microbiology
InstitutionsNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
University of Pennsylvania
WebsiteResearch website

Yasmine Belkaid (born 1968) is an Algerian immunologist and senior investigator at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), as well as an adjunct professor at the University of Pennsylvania. She is best known for her work studying host-microbe interactions in tissues, uncovering factors controlling immune regulation to microbes. Belkaid currently serves as the director of the NIAID Microbiome program.

Education & Early Career

Belkaid was born and raised in Algiers, Algeria. She received her Bachelor of Science and master's degrees in biochemistry from the University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene. She then received her Master of Advanced Studies from University of Paris-Sud. She received her PhD in immunology from the Pasteur Institute in 1996, where she studied innate immune responses to Leishmania infection. Following graduate school, she moved to the United States for a postdoctoral fellowship at NIAID's Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases. In 2002, she joined the faculty of the Division of Molecular Immunology in Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center before returning to NIAID in 2005 as a tenure-track investigator in the Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases. In 2008, she became adjunct Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.[1]

Research

Belkaid's research group is working to understand the mechanisms underlying host-microbe interactions in the gastrointestinal tract and on the skin, which are natural barrier sites between the host's inner workings and their external environment.[2] More specifically, Belkaid's team is investigating the role microbiota play in promoting immunity against infection against other harmful pathogens.[3] While microbes are often thought of as harmful infectious agents, her work has contributed to our understanding of the role that microbiota play in immunity—a beneficial relationship known as commensalism whereby the host actually benefits from the microorganisms that live on or in them. One way microbes shield us from harmful pathogens is by competing for space within our bodies, which stops more harmful invaders from setting up shop inside us.[2] Her group has further contributed to our understanding of how the host immune system can distinguish good microbes from the bad.[4][5]

Belkaid's group found that certain skin microbes play an important role in immune defense. These commensal microbes interact with the skin's immune cells and allow them to produce a certain cell-signaling molecule that is needed to protect against harmful microbes.[6] They carried out this experiment using mice that had no naturally-occurring microbes in their skin or gut so they could colonize those mice with only one strain of "good" bacteria. They then infected the colonized and bacteria-free mice with a parasite and found that those without the "good" bacteria were unable to fight back against the parasite, while those with the bacteria mounted an effective immune response.[6] Her team has also found that beneficial bacteria living on the surface of the skin can also accelerate wound healing in mice.[7]

Belkaid's group also studies what happens when there are imbalances in our microbiome. A number of diseases are caused by our immune systems running out of whack. Given the roll the microbiome plays in host immunity, Belkaid has played a major part in advancing our understanding of how shifts in microbiota can contribute to disease, particularly chronic inflammatory diseases like Crohn's disease and Psoriasis.[8][9][10] Changes in diet and antibiotic use have tinkered with our microbiota composition and may have played a role in increasing the prevalence of certain chronic inflammatory diseases.[11]

Awards & Honors

References

  1. ^ "UPENN Biomedical Graduate Studies | Yasmine Belkaid". www.med.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
  2. ^ a b "The Microbiome: When Good Bugs Go Bad". NIH Intramural Research Program. 2014-05-20. Retrieved 2018-07-25.
  3. ^ Belkaid, Yasmine; Hand, Timothy W. (March 2014). "Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammation". Cell. 157 (1): 121–141. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 4056765. PMID 24679531.
  4. ^ Grainger, John R.; Wohlfert, Elizabeth A.; Fuss, Ivan J.; Bouladoux, Nicolas; Askenase, Michael H.; Legrand, Fanny; Koo, Lily Y.; Brenchley, Jason M.; Fraser, Iain D.C. (June 2013). "Inflammatory monocytes regulate pathologic responses to commensals during acute gastrointestinal infection". Nature Medicine. 19 (6): 713–721. doi:10.1038/nm.3189. ISSN 1078-8956. PMC 3755478. PMID 23708291.
  5. ^ Naik, Shruti; Bouladoux, Nicolas; Wilhelm, Christoph; Molloy, Michael J.; Salcedo, Rosalba; Kastenmuller, Wolfgang; Deming, Clayton; Quinones, Mariam; Koo, Lily (2012-08-31). "Compartmentalized control of skin immunity by resident commensals". Science. 337 (6098): 1115–1119. doi:10.1126/science.1225152. ISSN 1095-9203. PMC 3513834. PMID 22837383.
  6. ^ a b Naik, Shruti; Bouladoux, Nicolas; Wilhelm, Christoph; Molloy, Michael J.; Salcedo, Rosalba; Kastenmuller, Wolfgang; Deming, Clayton; Quinones, Mariam; Koo, Lily (2012-08-31). "Compartmentalized Control of Skin Immunity by Resident Commensals". Science. 337 (6098): 1115–1119. doi:10.1126/science.1225152. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 3513834. PMID 22837383.
  7. ^ Linehan, Jonathan L.; Harrison, Oliver J.; Han, Seong-Ji; Byrd, Allyson L.; Vujkovic-Cvijin, Ivan; Villarino, Alejandro V.; Sen, Shurjo K.; Shaik, Jahangheer; Smelkinson, Margery (February 2018). "Non-classical Immunity Controls Microbiota Impact on Skin Immunity and Tissue Repair". Cell. 172 (4): 784–796.e18. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.12.033. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 6034182. PMID 29358051.
  8. ^ Hand, Timothy W.; Vujkovic-Cvijin, Ivan; Ridaura, Vanessa K.; Belkaid, Yasmine (December 2016). "Linking the Microbiota, Chronic Disease, and the Immune System". Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 27 (12): 831–843. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2016.08.003. ISSN 1879-3061. PMC 5116263. PMID 27623245.
  9. ^ Man, Si Ming; Kaakoush, Nadeem O.; Mitchell, Hazel M. (March 2011). "The role of bacteria and pattern-recognition receptors in Crohn's disease". Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 8 (3): 152–168. doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2011.3. ISSN 1759-5053. PMID 21304476.
  10. ^ Fonseca, Denise Morais da; Hand, Timothy W.; Han, Seong-Ji; Gerner, Michael Y.; Glatman Zaretsky, Arielle; Byrd, Allyson L.; Harrison, Oliver J.; Ortiz, Alexandra M.; Quinones, Mariam (2015-10-08). "Microbiota-Dependent Sequelae of Acute Infection Compromise Tissue-Specific Immunity". Cell. 163 (2): 354–366. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.030. ISSN 1097-4172. PMC 4826740. PMID 26451485.
  11. ^ Belkaid, Yasmine; Hand, Timothy W (2014-03-27). "Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and Inflammation". Cell. 157 (1): 121–141. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011. ISSN 0092-8674. PMC 4056765. PMID 24679531. {{cite journal}}: no-break space character in |first2= at position 8 (help)
  12. ^ "The Award Winners 2016". Institut Pasteur (in French). 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2018-07-23.
  13. ^ "Yasmine Belkaid". Retrieved 2018-07-23.
  14. ^ 2002-2018, LifePR (c). "Yasmine Belkaid erhält den Emil von Behring-Preis 2017 - Philipps-Universität Marburg - Pressemitteilung". www.lifepr.de (in German). Retrieved 2018-07-23. {{cite web}}: |last= has numeric name (help)
  15. ^ http://www.nasonline.org, National Academy of Sciences -. "Yasmine Belkaid". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2018-07-23. {{cite web}}: External link in |last= (help)
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