Zander: Difference between revisions
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{{other uses}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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| name = Zander |
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| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| image = Sander_lucioperca_1.jpg |
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia |
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| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]] |
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| classis = [[Actinopterygii]] |
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| ordo = [[Perciformes]] |
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| familia = [[Percidae]] |
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| genus = ''[[Sander (genus)|Sander]]'' |
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| species = '''''S. lucioperca''''' |
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| binomial = ''Sander lucioperca'' |
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| binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]) |
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| synonyms = |
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*''Centropomus sandat'' Lacepède, 1802 |
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*''Lucioperca linnei'' Malm, 1877 |
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*''Lucioperca lucioperca'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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*''Lucioperca sandra'' Cuvier, 1828 |
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*''Perca lucioperca'' Linnaeus, 1758 |
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*''Stizostedion lucioperca'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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*''Stizostedion luciperca'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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*''Stizostedium lucioperca'' (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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}} |
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'''Zander''' (''Sander lucioperca'', [[Synonym (taxonomy)|syn.]] ''Stizostedion lucioperca'') is a [[species]] of [[fish]] from freshwater and brackish habitats in western [[Eurasia]]. It is closely related to [[perch]]. Zander are often called '''pike-perch''' as they resemble the [[Pike (fish)|pike]] with their elongated body and head, and the perch with their spiny dorsal fin. Zander are not, as is commonly believed, a pike and perch hybrid. In Europe, a second species (''[[Sander volgensis]]'') is limited to rivers in southern [[Russia]] and the basin of the [[Danube]]. These two species are suspected to [[hybrid (biology)|hybrid]]ize occasionally where they are [[sympatric]], as they produce fertile hybrids in captivity; no natural hybrids are known yet however, and while they are apparently hard to detect, it is suspected that the species are separated by strong [[Reproductive isolation#Isolation mechanisms that occur before breeding or copulation (pre-zygotic isolation)|prezygotic isolation]]. It strongly resembles, both in looks and in taste, the closely related American [[walleye]] (''Sander vitreus''). |
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The zander is a common and popular game fish in [[Europe]]. It is often eaten, and it may reach {{convert|20|kg|abbr=on}}<ref>[http://www.igfa.org/BookRule2004.pdf "International Angling Rules" (IGFA)] Accessed 19 November 2008)</ref> of weight, although typical catches are considerably smaller. Zander reach an average length of 40–80 cm (16-32 inches) with a maximum length of 120 cm (47.25 inches). Zander are not indigenous to the UK, but were introduced into the [[East Anglia]]n [[The Fens|fens]] (large, partly artificial waterways) in the 20th century and spread rapidly, after the release of 97 fingerlings to the Great Ouse Relief Channel in 1963 by the former Great Ouse River Board.<ref>anglin-guru.info</ref> [[British Waterways]] included zander among a "dirty dozen" non-native species most likely to harm native wildlife along rivers in Great Britain.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7559266.stm |newspaper=[[BBC News]] |title=Dirty dozen threaten waterways |date= 14 August 2008 |accessdate=14 August 2008}}</ref> |
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Their success in establishing themselves is owed to a number of factors, one of which is that they are particularly well adapted to life in the slow-flowing, sparsely vegetated, rather murky waters that comprise so many of the British lowland rivers.<ref>"Foreign Fishes", The Living Countryside magazine (issue 36), p.706</ref> Zander thrive in water with rather low visibility, unlike pike, which often dominate the predator fish niche in clear water. However, zander need plenty of [[oxygen]] and soon disappear from [[eutrophic]] areas. |
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==Use by humans== |
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[[File:Whole Baked Zander.jpg|thumb|Whole baked zander served in a restaurant in [[Balatonfüred]], [[Hungary]].]] |
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The zander is considered one of the most valuable food fishes native to Europe. It is esteemed for its light, firm but tender meat with few bones and a delicate flavour. Although it is not generally bred for food, its adaptability makes zander fishery quite sustainable. Indeed, in some regions release of young zanders is restricted, as natural stocks already provide a sufficient supply for the market, while boosting the population of this large predator would have an adverse effect on the zander's food fishes. Zander is especially well suited for [[fish fillet]]s, [[sushi]] and [[sashimi]]. It can also be served whole, baked, smoked or cooked. In some culinary circles, zander is appreciated even higher than salmon. Even the offals can be cooked into [[consommé]]. |
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In 2004, it was revealed that some [[restaurant]]s in the [[Minneapolis-St. Paul]] area of [[Minnesota]] in the [[United States]] were serving imported zander instead of the closely related [[North America]]n [[walleye]] (the state fish, and a popular food in the region). While zander and walleye are almost indistinguishable by taste, the restaurants were selling the European fish under the name "walleye", which is an illegal practice. An investigation by the [[U.S. Food and Drug Administration]] followed. |
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In [[Poland]], this fish is popular and regarded as a delicacy, but the difficulty in catching it makes it expensive. It is most commonly baked with a trace of butter. |
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In [[Finland]], as a conservation measure, law regulates the minimum size of zander considered mature enough to be eaten. Zander is popular for its taste and its tendency to be picky with its prey, making it harder to catch than many other fish. Zander also tend to chase their prey before striking. When striking a fishing lure, it fights by pulling backwards, giving the impression that there is a big stone attached to the fishing line. Because zander is not as good in striking as pike, it prefers slower, even wounded fish; a lure moving too fast won't get the zander's attention. On the other hand, anecdotal evidence suggests that zander do not attack lures that are moving too slowly either. |
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{{wikinews|'Monster' fish killed in Swiss lake after biting swimmers}} |
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In July 2009 in [[Switzerland]], a zander attacked tourists in [[Lake Maggiore]], sending two people to the [[emergency room]]; the worst cut inflicted was about 10 centimeters long. The 70-cm 8-kg fish was later caught by the local police who cooked it and offered it to the tourists for the trouble it caused.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tv5.org/cms/chaine-francophone/info/p-1911-Suisse_les_dents_du_lac.htm?&rub=17&xml=newsmlmmd.673a975c6842058fd491950ebb25ee63.5a1.xml |title=? |publisher=[[TV5MONDE|TV5]] |accessdate=28 October 2010 |language=fr}}</ref> It is very unusual for zander to attack humans. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons|Stizostedion lucioperca|Zander}} |
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* {{ITIS |id=650172 |taxon=Sander lucioperca |accessdate=19 March 2006}} |
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* Boyd Huppert (December 7, 2004). [http://kare11.com/news/news_article.aspx?storyid=72386 Walleye or Zander? What Are You Really Eating?]. [[KARE]]. |
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* [http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/speciesSummary.php?ID=360 FishBase information on Zander] |
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* [http://www.igfa.org/BookRule2004.pdf International Angling Rules] |
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{{commercial fish topics}} |
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[[Category:Sander (genus)]] |
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[[Category:Commercial fish]] |
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[[Category:Edible fish]] |
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[[Category:Sport fish]] |
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[[Category:Fish of the Black Sea]] |
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[[Category:Fish of the Baltic Sea]] |
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[[Category:Fish of the Caspian Sea]] |
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[[Category:Fish of Asia]] |
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[[Category:Fish of Russia]] |
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[[Category:Fish of Europe]] |
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