Zhao Jiande
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| Zhào Jiàndé 趙建德 | |||||||||
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| King of Nam Việt | |||||||||
| Reign | 112 BC – 111 BC | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Zhao Xing | ||||||||
| Successor | none | ||||||||
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| Dynasty | Triệu Dynasty | ||||||||
Zhao Jiande (Chinese: 趙建德, pinyin: Zhào Jiàndé, Cantonese: Zīu6 Gīn3deg1, Vietnamese: Triệu Kiến Đức, ? – 111 BC) was the last king of the Nanyue Kingdom. His rule began in 112 BC and ended in the next year.
Zhao Jiande was the eldest son of King Zhao Yingqi, his mother was a Yue woman. Zhao Yingqi was sent to Han court by King Zhao Mo to serve as Emperor Wu's guard (宿衛, Sù wèi) in 135 BC, he also married a Han Chinese woman called Jiushi (樛氏) there, and had his second son Zhao Xing.
After assuming the Nanyue kingship, Zhao Yingqi appointed Zhao Xing as Crown Price instead of his eldest son Zhao Jiande. Zhao Yingqi died in 113 BC, Zhao Xing succeeded as king. Zhao Jiande was titled "Maquis of Shuyang" (術陽侯) by his younger brother.
During Zhao Xing's reign, Emperor Wu of Han sent missions to Nanyue summon Zhao Xing to Han court for an audience with the Emperor. Zhao Xing decided to submit the Han court rule, but the prime minister Lü Jia (呂嘉), who held the military power at that time, didn't want to. So Emperor Wu dispatched Han Qianqiu (韓千秋) with 2000 soldiers to arrest Lü Jia. After reached the news, Lü Jia conducted a coup d'état, killing Zhao Xing and all of his supporters in 112 BC. Zhao Jiande was crowned as the new king of Nanyue, and declared war on Han court.
The 2000 men led by Han Qianqiu was attacked by Nanyue soldiers along the Han-Nanyue border, ended with a near annihilation of the Han force, which greatly shocked and angered Emperor Wu. Emperor Wu sent 100 thousand men to attack Nanyue, and captured Panyu (番禺, modern Guangzhou), the capital of Nanyue in the next year. Zhao Jiande and Lü Jia fled the city by boat, heading east to appeal for Minyue's aid, but the Han generals learned of their escape, and sent troops after them. Both Zhao Jiande and Lü Jia were caught and executed, their heads were sent to the emperor.
Neither Shiji nor Hanshu had mentioned his Temple name, but his Posthumous name was mentioned in some Vietnamese historical texts. He was called Dương Vương (陽王) in Việt Nam sử lược, Thuật Dương Vương (術陽王) in Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư, and Vệ Dương vương (衛陽王) in Đại Việt sử lược.