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Zinaida Yusupova

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Princess Zinaida Yusupova
The 7th Princess of Yusupov
Period19 July 1891 – 24 November 1939
PredecessorPrince Nikolai Yusupov VI
successorPrince Felix Yusupov VIII
Full name
Zinaida Nikolayevna Yusupova
Born2 September 1861
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died24 November 1939 (aged 78)
Paris, France
Noble familyYusupov
Spouse(s)Count Felix Felixovich Sumarkov-Elsto
IssuePrince Nicholas Felixovich Yusupov
Prince Felix Felixovich Yusupov VIII
FatherPrince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov VI
MotherCountess Tatiana Alexandrovna de Ribeaupierre

Princess Zinaida Nikolayevna Yusupova (Russian: Зинаи́да Никола́евна Юсу́пова; 2 September 1861 – 24 November 1939)[1] was an Imperial Russian noblewoman, the only heiress of Russia's largest private fortune of her time. Famed for her beauty and the lavishness of her hospitality, she was a leading figure in pre-Revolutionary Russian society. In 1882, she married Count Felix Felixovich Sumarokov-Elston who served briefly as General Governor of Moscow (1914–1915). Zinaida is best known as the mother of Prince Felix Yusupov, the murderer of Rasputin. She escaped revolutionary Russia and spent her remaining years living in exile.

Early life

Princess Zinaida Nikolayevna Yusupova was the only surviving child of Prince Nicholas Borisovich Yusupov (October 12, 1827 – July 31, 1891), Marshal of the Imperial Court, and Countess Tatiana Alexandrovna de Ribeaupierre (June 29, 1828 – January 14, 1879). Prince Yusupov was a patron of the arts, and first served in the chancery of Tsar Nicholas I. Zinaida's mother, a lady-in-waiting to the Empress, was the daughter of Comte Alexandre de Ribeaupierre and his wife Catherine Mikhailovna Potemkina, a niece of Prince Potemkin.

Princess Zinaida only brother, Prince Boris Nicholaievich Yusupov, died in early childhood. She also had a younger sister, Princess Tatiana Nicholaievna, who died young in 1888. As the only surviving child of a distinguished, highly placed, and vastly rich couple, Zinaida enjoyed great favor at court. She was the greatest Russian heiress of her day, and the last of her line, the House of Yusupov. The Yusupovs, a family of Crimean Tatars origin, were very wealthy, having acquired their vast fortune generations earlier. Their properties included four palaces in St. Petersburg, three palaces in Moscow, 37 estates in different parts of Russia (Kursk, Voronezh and Poltava). They owned more than 100,000 acres (400 km²) of land and their industries included sugarbeet factories, brick plants, saw-mills, textile and cardboard factories, iron-ore mines, flour mills, distilleries and oil fields on the Caspian Sea.

Marriage

The Yusupov family in 1912: Prince Felix, Prince Nicholas, Count Felix Felixovich Sumarkov-Elston and Princess Zinaida.

Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov was hoping that Zinaida would make an illustrious marriage, but at a reception organized to pair her with the Prince of Battenberg, Zinaida met and fell in love with Count Felix Felixovich Sumarokov-Elston (October 5, 1856, Saint Petersburg, Russia - June 10, 1928, Rome, Italy), son of Count Felix Nikolaievich Sumarokov-Elston.[2] Felix was a lieutenant in the Horse Guards. They were married on April 4, 1882 in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Princess Zinaida and her husband had four son, two of whom survived childhood: Prince Nicholas Felixovich Yusupov (1883–1908) and Prince Felix Felixovich Yusupov (1887–1967). After his father-in-law died, in 1891, Felix was granted special permission by Tsar Alexander III to carry the title Prince Yusupov as well as that of Count Sumarokov-Elston and to pass them both to his and Zinaida's heir. Prince Felix was appointed adjutant to the Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich in 1904 and commanded the Cavalry of the Imperial Guards. In 1914 he was appointed Governor General of Moscow, a position he held briefly.

The couple had their own mansion in Liteyny Avenue, where the Institute of Economic Relations, Economics and Law is currently located. She owned the palace at Nevsky Prospect 86 as well.[3]

Later life

As a leading figure in pre-Revolutionary Russian society, Zinaida was famed for her beauty, elegance and the lavishness of her hospitality. In her book of memoirs, Ladies of the Russian Court, Meriel Buchanan (1886-1959), daughter of the British ambassador at the Russian court, described Princess Zinaida as: "Delicate in health, easily exhausted, essentially feminine, she was not one of those capable, competent woman, able to run big charitable organizations. She was always ready to give, freely and generously, to anyone who appealed to her, to do what she could to help anyone in distress, to lend her name, her house, her resources for any worthy cause, but she shrank from publicity, from all the complications of executive administration."

Princess Zinaida Yusupova served as lady in waiting to both the Empress Maria Feodorovna and later Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and was a close friend to Grand Duchess Elisabeth Feodorovna wife of Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich of Russia.[2] In private, she became a severe critic of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Grand Duchess Elisabeth's sister. Zinaida's eldest son, Nicholas, age 26, was killed in a duel in 1908, an event which cast a shadow over the rest of her life. In February 1914, Zinaida's younger son, Felix, married Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia, Tsar Nicholas II, only niece. Felix fell from grace for participating in the murder of Grigori Rasputin.

Following the Russian Revolution, she lost her vast wealth. She and her husband moved to Rome living under reduced circumstances. After his death she moved to Paris, where she died in 1939.

Jewel collection

As the head of one of the most important noble family in Russia, she also inherited a vast fortune, which meant owning the largest collection of historical jewels in Russia, second only to that of the vaults of the Russian Imperial Family. She was in the possession of 21 Tiaras, 255 Brooches, 42 Bracelets, 210 kilos of assorted Objet d'art and hundreds of thousands of loose gems.Cite error: The <ref> tag has too many names (see the help page). Some of the famous gems were: The mid-16th century La Pelegrina pearl, The "The Polar Star Diamond" (41.28 carat diamond), The "La Regente Pearl" (fifth largest pearl in the world), The 17th century "Ram’s Head Diamond" (a 17.47-carat diamond), The 17th century "Sultan of Morocco Diamond" (35.67 carats, fourth largest Blue diamond in the world),[4] The 17th century "Diamond Earrings of Marie Antoinette" (two 34.59 carat diamonds),[5] The "Blue Venus Statuette Sapphire" (4-inch-tall sapphire statuette of the goddess Venus atop a large Spinel)[6] and also The 15th century "Ruby Buddha" (70+ carat Ruby statue).[7]

Following her narrow escape during the Russian Revolution, she was forced to leave all her financial assets in Russia; her entire jewel collection was hidden in a secret vault in Moika Palace in hope that she would retain the use in their return to Russia, however all were found and sold by the Bolsheviks in 1925. During her exile she took only the major jewels and of historical importance and had them sold to fund her family's life.[7]

Honours

Ancestry

Ancestors of Princess Zenaida Nikolaievna Yusupova
16. Prince Boris Grigorievich Yusupov
8. Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov
17. Irina Mikhailovna Zinovyeva
4. Prince Boris Nikolaevich Yusupov
18. Wasilij von Engelhardt (= 30)
9. Tatiana Vasilievna von Engelhardt (= 15)
19. Marfa Yelena Alexandrovna Potyomkina (= 31)
2. Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov
20. Dimitri Narishkin
10. Ivan Dimitrievitch Narishkin, Marshal of the Sytchev Nobility and Chamberlain
21.
5. Zenaida Ivanovna Narishkina
22. Ivan Nikolajevich Rimsky-Korsakov
11. Varvara Ivanovna Ladomirsky
23. Princess Ekaterina Petrovna Trubetskaya
1. Princess Zinaida Nikolaevna Yusupova
24. Count Marc Étienne de Ribeaupierre
12. Count Jean Francois de Ribeaupierre
25. Jeanne Élisabeth Ducoster
6. Count Alexandre de Ribeaupierre
26. Alexandre Bibikov
13. Agrippine Bibikova
27. Anastasie Kozlovska
3. Countess Tatiana Alexandrovna de Ribeaupierre
28. Sergei Potemkin
14. Mikhail Sergeevich Potemkin
29.
7. Ekaterina Mikhailovna Potemkina
30. Wasilij von Engelhardt (= 18)
15. Tatiana Vasilievna von Engelhardt (= 9)
31. Marfa Yelena Alexandrovna Potyomkina (= 19)

Notes

  1. ^ Variously transliterated from Russian as Yussupov, Yossopov, Iusupov, Youssoupov, Youssoupoff
  2. ^ a b Papi, Jewels of the Romanovs: Family & Court, p. 176
  3. ^ Соболева, Инна Аркадьевна (2013). Невский проспект: Дорога, ведущая к храму (in Russian). Издательский дом "Питер". p. 236-237. ISBN 9785496006521.
  4. ^ here, enter your name. "The Sultan of Morocco Diamond". tripod.com. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  5. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on November 1, 2015. Retrieved September 16, 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ "AN ANTIQUE SAPPHIRE, SPINEL AND DIAMOND". christies.com. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  7. ^ a b "A 15th-Century Ruby Buddha and the Yusupov Jewels". jewelsdujour.com. 23 May 2013. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
  8. ^ a b Gogmsite, The Princess Yusupouv in mourning and upon accession as head of the house of Yussupov
  9. ^ a b "QIP Shot - Загружайте и публикуйте фотографии онлайн". pinterest.com. Retrieved 29 September 2016.

Sources

  • Buchanan, Meriel. Princess Zenaida Yusopova . Royal Russia. N 4, 2013. ISBN 978-1927604045.
  • Papi, Stefano. Jewels of the Romanovs: Family & Court . Thames & Hudson, 2013. ISBN 978-0-500-51706-2
  • Youssoupoff, Prince Felix. Lost Splendor: The Amazing Memoirs of the Man Who Killed Rasputin. Turtle Point Press, 2003. ISBN 978-1885586582

Further reading

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