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Military Engineering Experimental Establishment

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Military Engineering Experimental Establishment
Founded1946
Dissolved1970
TypeGovernment research establishment
FocusEngineering
Location
  • Christchurch, Dorset
Area served
United Kingdom
ProductDefence research
Military Engineering Experimental Establishment [1]
Founded2021
TypeCompany limited by guarantee, without share capital, exempt from using Limited in its name.
FocusEngineering
Location
Area served
United Kingdom
ProductDefence research

The Military Engineering Experimental Establishment (MEXE) was a British defence research unit. It was formed from the Experimental Bridging Establishment in 1946 and was amalgamated with the Fighting Vehicles Research and Development Establishment to form the Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment in 1970. MEXE developed the MEXE method (a means of assessing the carrying capacity of arch bridges), the MEXE probe (a field tool to estimate the California bearing ratio of a soil) and the MEXE system (a means of estimating properties of a piece of unknown land by comparing it with known similar terrain).

History and organisation

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The Military Engineering Experimental Establishment had its roots in the Experimental Bridging Company of the Royal Engineers (RE), formed from the last un-disbanded battalion of First World War assault engineers, and under the command of a British Army major.[2] This unit developed into the Experimental Bridging Establishment of 1925 under an RE superintendent (from 1933 a chief superintendent). This was reformed into the Military Engineering Experimental Establishment (MEXE) on 22 March 1946 under a chief superintendent (brigadier) after 5 April 1956 the commander was referred to as director and was sometimes a civilian.[3]

MEXE was amalgamated with the Fighting Vehicles Research and Development Establishment on 1 April 1970 to form the Military Vehicles and Engineering Establishment based out of Chertsey, Surrey and Christchurch, Dorset and commanded by Brigadier RA Lindseell MC ADC.[3][4] This was amalgamated further into the Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment in the 1980s and then the Defence Research Agency on 1 April 1991.[4] A further reorganization into the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency followed on 1 April 1995 before a split into the publicly owned Defence Science and Technology Laboratory and the privatised QinetiQ in 2001.[5]

The organisation worked to develop and test new techniques and equipment for use in the British Army. The latter including bridges, rafts, cranes, earthmoving equipment and road pavers.[6] On 6 May 1969 MEXE was awarded the freedom of the borough of Christchurch. Whilst many regiments and corps of the army had been so honoured MEXE was the first experimental establishment to have received such.[7]

Developmental work

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RAF Hawker Siddeley Harrier landing on a MEXE pad

The organisation developed many new products and techniques for the army, many of which were named after itself – for example the MEXE pad vertical landing pad or the MEXEFLOTE pontoon.[8][9][10]

MEXE method

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Shortly after the end of the Second World War the establishment developed the MEXE method as a means of quickly assessing the carrying capacity of arch bridges, particularly for military traffic. The method was developed by Alfred Pippard of Imperial College, London. The bridge's span, arch thickness and depth of fill were input into an equation or nomogram to determine a provisional acceptable axle loading. This was then modified by a number of additional factors to determine a maximum permissible loading, which could be used to assess which military vehicles could use the bridge. It was a quick and simple process but provided no assessment of the actual stresses or deflections of the bridge. It was later adapted to civilian use.[11]

MEXE probe

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The MEXE probe, also known as the Soil Assessment Cone Penetrometer or MEXE Cone Penetrometer, is a piece of equipment developed by MEXE to estimate the California bearing ratio (CBR) of a subgrade (soil) in the field.[12] It is a pointed cone attached to a spring-loaded handle by extension spindles. The device is pushed into the ground and a scale reads off the estimated CBR value. It is a quick and simple means of estimating the CBR of the top 0.5 metres of subgrade but is less accurate than the more involved standard CBR test. Expertise is required where granular material is present in the soil.[13] The use of the MEXE Probe can be dangerous where underground services are present.[14]

MEXE system

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MEXE were pioneers in the field of terrain evaluation, where the terrain is assessed and categorised based on a number of characteristics.[15][16] Areas were divided into facets of land broadly homogeneous in morphology, water regime and surface material from a 1:50,000 scale map. Similar facets were grouped into recurring landscape patterns whilst anomalous parts of facets were split off as subfacets.[17] This became known as the MEXE system and allows detailed terrain intelligence to be extrapolated from similar terrain in the region and provided to the commander on the ground. The system was implemented at a wide variety of scales from theatre and army corps (where the facets might be tens of kilometres in size) down to the battalion level. At smaller scales there are increased difficulties in identifying all of the anomalies as sub-facets. The data provided ranges from assessments of how good-going the terrain is for travel to possible sources of building materials. A terrain forecast can be issued, similar to how weather forecasts are issued for aircrew.[16] The method works well in stable ecosystems but struggles in developing countries and tropical climates where land use is continuously evolving.[17]

MEXE shelter/hide

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Surveillance and Target Acquisition units of the British Army used light, prefabricated MEXE modular shelters to set up secure underground hides in what was known as the stay-behind role during the Cold-War. These MEXE shelters consisted of pickets, spacers, and arches and PVC-coated jute fabric with a wire mesh woven in as walls as well as to hold the soil used to create the roof. Periscopes were used during the day and night-vision sights outside the shelter by four man teams in a two men on, two men off ‘hot bunk’ system. Light Mobile Diggers would ideally be used to dig the T-shaped hides quickly.[18]

Leadership

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Chief Superintendents[3]
Start of term End of term Name
22 March 1946 11 April 1950 Brigadier GR McMeekan DSO OBE
12 April 1950 20 July 1953 Brigadier Sir Millis Jefferis KBE MC ADC
21 July 1953 4 April 1956 Brigadier LRE Fayle DSO OBE


Directors[3]
Start of term End of term Name
5 April 1956 31 December 1956 Brigadier LRE Fayle DSO OBE
1 January 1957 30 September 1962 Sir Donald Bailey OBE
1 October 1962 5 October 1965 Brigadier HAT Jarrett-Kerr CBE ADC
6 October 1965 31 March 1970 RA Foulkes


Directors of Not-for-profit Company
Start of term End of term Name
29 November 2021 Current Jessal Murarji [1]

References

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  1. ^ a b "MILITARY ENGINEERING EXPERIMENTAL ESTABLISHMENT overview - Find and update company information - GOV.UK".
  2. ^ Sterling, Christopher H. (2008). Military Communications: From Ancient Times to the 21st Century. ABC-CLIO. p. 408. ISBN 9781851097326. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d Joiner, J. H. (1990). One More River To Cross. Pen and Sword. p. 446. ISBN 9780850527889. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Ministry of Defence and predecessors: Royal Armament Research and Development Establishment and predecessors: Technical Reports and Memoranda". National Archives. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  5. ^ "Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA) and its immediate predecessors: Reports and Files 1991–2001". National Archives. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  6. ^ Ball, Ian D. L. (1968). Industrial Research in Britain. Harrap. p. 160. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  7. ^ The Royal Engineers Journal. The Institution of Royal Engineers. 1969. p. 173. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  8. ^ Williams, Graham (2017). Rhapsody in Blue: An RAF Fighter Pilot's Life During the Cold War. Fonthill Media. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  9. ^ Army Logistician. U.S. Army Logistics Management Center. 1969. p. 17. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  10. ^ "The RAF Harrier Story" (PDF). Ministry of Defence. Royal Air Force Historical Society. Retrieved 22 February 2018.
  11. ^ Melbourne, Clive (1995). Arch Bridges: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Arch Bridges Held at Bolton, UK on 3–6 September 1995. Thomas Telford. p. 300. ISBN 9780727720481. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  12. ^ Joyce, Michael D. (1982). Site Investigation Practice. E. & F.N. Spon. p. 88. ISBN 9780419122609. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  13. ^ Hunter, Robert N. (1994). Bituminous Mixtures in Road Construction. Thomas Telford. p. 68. ISBN 9780727716835. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  14. ^ Atkinson, Ken (1997). Highway Maintenance Handbook. Thomas Telford. p. 167. ISBN 9780727725318. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  15. ^ Mitchell, Colin W. (2014). Terrain Evaluation. Routledge. p. 4. ISBN 9781317885238. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  16. ^ a b Mitchell, Colin W. (2014). Terrain Evaluation. Routledge. p. 328. ISBN 9781317885238. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  17. ^ a b Sharma, Vijay Kumar (1991). Remote Sensing for Land Resource Planning. Concept Publishing Company. p. 28. ISBN 9788170223313. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  18. ^ Sinai, Tamir (8 December 2020). "Eyes on target: 'Stay-behind' forces during the Cold War". War in History. 28 (3): 681–700. doi:10.1177/0968344520914345. p.18
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