Red pill and blue pill

The term redpill was popularized in science fiction culture via the 1999 movie The Matrix. The movie relies on the premise that an artificial reality that is advanced enough will be indistinguishable from reality and that no test exists that can conclusively prove that reality is not a simulation. This ties in closely with the skeptical idea that the everyday world is illusory. In the movie, a Redpill is the term used to describe a human who has been freed from the Matrix, a fictional computer-generated world set in 1999. Bluepill refers to a human still connected to the Matrix.

Borrowing from the movie, the terms blue pill and red pill have become a popular metaphor for the choice between the blissful ignorance of illusion (blue) and embracing the sometimes painful, sometimes pleasant, truth of reality (red).

Background

In the Matrix Universe, an authorized member of a Zion ship crew offers a prospective human in the Matrix a choice of ingesting a red or blue pill. The red pill activates a trace program that allows the crew to locate the human's body in the Matrix powerplant.

"You take the blue pill, the story ends, you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you want to believe. You take the red pill, you stay in Wonderland, and I show you how deep the rabbit hole goes."

Morpheus describes the effects of the two pills to Neo

Once the person is found, commands are sent to the pod to awake him or her, and the freed individual is rescued by the respective ship crew.

Redpills appear to have either seen "glitches" within the Matrix (e.g. a book continuously respawning on a shelf, regardless of attempts to remove the book), or question their lives within the Matrix, refusing to dismiss strange events. These are the people most likely to recognize the Matrix as an illusion.

According to Morpheus, leaving the Matrix can be traumatic, particularly to those who have lived in it too long. As a rule, crews only offer the red pill to those younger than 18. After that, the risk of denial and psychotic episodes from the reality of separation is much higher. The exception to this rule (as seen in the movies) is Neo, whose age is around 30 when he is released by Morpheus.

The Matrix makes many references to past films and literature, and the idea of the red pill is no exception, having appeared in the 1990 film Total Recall with the same premise – to wake the protagonist Douglas Quaid from his "dream". In the scene in question, the character Dr. Edgemar tells Quaid that he is dreaming, and offers him a red pill with the words:

It's a symbol. Of your desire to return to reality. Inside your dream, you'll fall asleep.

While this scene appears to be taking place in reality (Quaid notices a bead of sweat trickle down Edgemar's face, convincing him of this) the crucial point is that according to Dr Edgemar's argument Quaid is currently dreaming and therefore needs the red pill to take him out of his dream and back to reality. Quaid, however, kills Edgemar and it is left unknown what the pill does.

Other uses

• The reference to the pills is also implemented in a special type of malware that utilizes the virtualisation techniques of modern CPUs to execute as a hypervisor; as a virtual platform on which the entire operating system runs, it is capable of examining the entire state of the machine and to cause any behavior with full privilege, while the operating system believes itself to be running directly on physical hardware, creating a parallel to the illusionary Matrix. Blue Pill describes the concept of infecting a machine while red pill techniques help the operating system to detect the presence of such a hypervisor.

• In the Maemo application installer, certain advanced features are unlocked by a "Red Pill Mode" easter egg. This is activated by starting to add a catalog whose URL is "matrix" and then choosing to cancel. A dialog box appears with the choices "Red Pill" or "Blue Pill", allowing the user to enter red pill mode.[1] In "Red Pill" mode the installer allows user to view all packages including packages which are parts of operating system and perform actions without restrictions, somewhat resembling effect of Red Pill. In Blue Pill mode the installer displays only installed software without dependencies (like libraries) and exposes fewer options, making the casual user see only software installed by user, hence creating the illusion that only software installed by user exists on the system. This makes it harder to harm the operating system because most casual users are not aware of the "matrix" trick.