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{{Distinguish|text = [[Open Archival Information System|OAIS]], a conceptual framework for organizing archival repositories}}
{{Distinguish|text = [[Open Archival Information System|OAIS]], a conceptual framework for organizing archival repositories}}


The '''Open Archives Initiative''' ('''OAI''') was an in formal organization, in the circle around the colleagues [[Herbert Van de Sompel]], Carl Lagoze, Michael L. Nelson and Simeon Warner<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Van de Sompel|first=Herbert|last2=Nelson|first2=Michael L.|last3=Lagoze|first3=Carl|last4=Warner|first4=Simeon|year=2004|title=Resource Harvesting within the OAI-PMH Framework|url=http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december04/vandesompel/12vandesompel.html|journal=D-Lib Magazine|language=en|volume=10|issue=12|doi=10.1045/december2004-vandesompel|issn=1082-9873}}</ref>, to develop and apply technical interoperability standards for archives to share catalog information (metadata).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Warner|first=Simeon|date=2001-06-28|title=Exposing and harvesting metadata using the OAI metadata harvesting protocol: A tutorial|url=http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0106057|journal=arXiv:cs/0106057}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Lagoze|first=Carl|last2=Van de Sompel|first2=Herbert|year=2003|title=The making of the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting|url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/07378830310479776/full/html|journal=Library Hi Tech|language=en|volume=21|issue=2|pages=118–128|doi=10.1108/07378830310479776|issn=0737-8831}}</ref><ref name=AboutOAI>[http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/OAI-organization.php Open Archives Initiative -> About OAI]</ref> The group got together in the late late 1990s<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Van de Sompel|first=Herbert|last2=Lagoze|first2=Carl|year=2000|title=The Santa Fe Convention of the Open Archives Initiative|url=http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february00/vandesompel-oai/02vandesompel-oai.html|journal=D-Lib Magazine|language=en|volume=6|issue=2|doi=10.1045/february2000-vandesompel-oai|issn=1082-9873}}</ref> and was active for around twenty years. OAI coordinated in particular three specification activities: OAI-PMH<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Lagoze|first=Carl|last2=Van de Sompel|first2=Herbert|last3=Nelson|first3=Michael|last4=Warner|first4=Simeon|date=2002-06-14|year=2002|title=Open Archives Initiative - Protocol for Metadata Harvesting - v.2.0|url=https://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-26|website=www.openarchives.org}}</ref>, OAI-ORE<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2014|orig-year=2008|title=ORE Specifications and User Guides - Table of Contents|url=http://www.openarchives.org/ore/1.0/toc.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-26|website=www.openarchives.org}}</ref> and ResourceSync.<ref>{{Citation|last=Van de Sompel|first=Herbert|title=ResourceSync: The NISO/OAI Resource Synchronization Framework|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-40501-3_70|work=Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries|volume=8092|pages=488–489|year=2013|editor-last=Aalberg|editor-first=Trond|place=Berlin, Heidelberg|publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-40501-3_70|isbn=978-3-642-40500-6|access-date=2021-02-26|last2=Nelson|first2=Michael L.|last3=Klein|first3=Martin|last4=Sanderson|first4=Robert|editor2-last=Papatheodorou|editor2-first=Christos|editor3-last=Dobreva|editor3-first=Milena|editor4-last=Tsakonas|editor4-first=Giannis}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2017|title=ResourceSync Framework Specification - Table of Contents|url=https://www.openarchives.org/rs/toc.html|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-26|website=www.openarchives.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|year=2017|title=ANSI/NISO Z39.99-2017 ResourceSync Framework Specification {{!}} NISO website|url=https://www.niso.org/publications/z3999-2017-resourcesync|url-status=live|access-date=2021-02-26|website=www.niso.org}}</ref> All along the group worked towards building a "low-barrier [[interoperability]] framework" for archives ([[institutional repository|institutional repositories]]) containing digital content ([[digital library|digital libraries]]) to allow people (service providers) harvest [[metadata]] (from data providers).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Arms|first=William Y.|last2=Dushay|first2=Naomi|last3=Fulker|first3=Dave|last4=Lagoze|first4=Carl|year=2003|title=A case study in metadata harvesting: the NSDL|url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/07378830310479866/full/html|journal=Library Hi Tech|language=en|volume=21|issue=2|pages=228–237|doi=10.1108/07378830310479866|issn=0737-8831}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Horwood|first=Lynne|last2=Sullivan|first2=Shirley|last3=Young|first3=Eve|last4=Garner|first4=Jane|year=2004|title=OAI compliant institutional repositories and the role of library staff|url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/01435120410533756/full/html|journal=Library Management|language=en|volume=25|issue=4/5|pages=170–176|doi=10.1108/01435120410533756|issn=0143-5124}}</ref> Such sets of metadata are since then harvested to provide "value-added services", often by combining different data sets.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Suleman|first=Hussein|last2=Fox|first2=Edward A.|year=2003|title=Leveraging OAI harvesting to disseminate theses|url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/07378830310479857/full/html|journal=Library Hi Tech|language=en|volume=21|issue=2|pages=219–227|doi=10.1108/07378830310479857|issn=0737-8831}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Cole|first=Timothy W.|url=https://books.google.ch/books?id=maZhQgAACAAJ&dq=%22Open+Archives+Initiative%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyqoXp0ojvAhWy6uAKHRNeDiwQ6AEwAHoECAUQAg|title=Using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting|last2=Foulonneau|first2=Muriel|publisher=Libraries Unlimited|year=2007|isbn=978-1-59158-280-9|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shreeves|first=Sarah L.|last2=Habing|first2=Thomas G.|last3=Hagedorn|first3=Kat|last4=Young|first4=Jeffery|date=2005|title=Current developments and future trends for the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting|url=https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/609|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Reese|first=Terry|date=2009-04-01|title=Automated Metadata Harvesting: Low-Barrier MARC Record Generation from OAI-PMH Repository Stores Using MarcEdit|url=https://journals.ala.org/lrts/article/view/5366|journal=Library Resources & Technical Services|volume=53|issue=2|pages=121–134|doi=10.5860/lrts.53n2.121|issn=0024-2527}}</ref>
{{no footnotes|date=February 2013}}

The '''Open Archives Initiative''' ('''OAI''') is an organization to develop and apply technical interoperability standards for archives to share catalog information (metadata).<ref name=AboutOAI>[http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/OAI-organization.php Open Archives Initiative -> About OAI]</ref> It attempts to build a "low-barrier [[interoperability]] framework" for archives ([[institutional repository|institutional repositories]]) containing digital content ([[digital library|digital libraries]]). It allows people (service providers) to harvest [[metadata]] (from data providers). This metadata is used to provide "value-added services", often by combining different data sets.


OAI has been involved in developing a technological framework and interoperability [[standardization|standards]] for enhancing access to [[eprint]] archives, which make [[academia|scholarly]] communications like [[academic journal]]s available, associated with the [[open access]] [[publishing]] movement. The relevant technology and standards are applicable beyond scholarly publishing.
OAI has been involved in developing a technological framework and interoperability [[standardization|standards]] for enhancing access to [[eprint]] archives, which make [[academia|scholarly]] communications like [[academic journal]]s available, associated with the [[open access]] [[publishing]] movement. The relevant technology and standards are applicable beyond scholarly publishing.


The OAI technical infrastructure, specified in the [[Protocol for Metadata Harvesting]] (OAI-PMH) version 2.0, defines a mechanism for data providers to expose their metadata. This [[protocol (computing)|protocol]] mandates that individual archives map their metadata to the [[Dublin Core]], a common metadata set for this purpose. OAI standards allow a common way to provide content, and part of those standards is that the content has metadata that describes the items in Dublin Core format. [[Object Reuse and Exchange]] (OAI-ORE) defines standards for the description and exchange of aggregations of [[web resource]]s.
The OAI technical infrastructure, specified in the [[Protocol for Metadata Harvesting]] (OAI-PMH) version 2.0<ref name=":0" />, defines a mechanism for data providers to expose their metadata. This [[protocol (computing)|protocol]] mandates that individual archives map their metadata to the [[Dublin Core]], a common metadata set for this purpose. OAI standards allow a common way to provide content, and part of those standards is that the content has metadata that describes the items in Dublin Core format. [[Object Reuse and Exchange]] (OAI-ORE)<ref name=":1" /> defines standards for the description and exchange of aggregations of [[web resource]]s.


Funding for the initiative comes from the [[Andrew W. Mellon Foundation]], [[Coalition for Networked Information]] (CNI), [[Digital Library Federation]] (DLF), [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF), the [[Alfred P. Sloan Foundation]], and other organizations.<ref name=AboutOAI/>
Funding for the initiative came from the [[Andrew W. Mellon Foundation]], [[Coalition for Networked Information]] (CNI), [[Digital Library Federation]] (DLF), [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF), the [[Alfred P. Sloan Foundation]], and other organizations.<ref name=AboutOAI/>


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 00:05, 27 February 2021

Not to be confused with OAIS, a conceptual framework for organizing archival repositories.

The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) was an in formal organization, in the circle around the colleagues Herbert Van de Sompel, Carl Lagoze, Michael L. Nelson and Simeon Warner[1], to develop and apply technical interoperability standards for archives to share catalog information (metadata).[2][3][4] The group got together in the late late 1990s[5] and was active for around twenty years. OAI coordinated in particular three specification activities: OAI-PMH[6], OAI-ORE[7] and ResourceSync.[8][9][10] All along the group worked towards building a "low-barrier interoperability framework" for archives (institutional repositories) containing digital content (digital libraries) to allow people (service providers) harvest metadata (from data providers).[11][12] Such sets of metadata are since then harvested to provide "value-added services", often by combining different data sets.[13][14][15][16]

OAI has been involved in developing a technological framework and interoperability standards for enhancing access to eprint archives, which make scholarly communications like academic journals available, associated with the open access publishing movement. The relevant technology and standards are applicable beyond scholarly publishing.

The OAI technical infrastructure, specified in the Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) version 2.0[6], defines a mechanism for data providers to expose their metadata. This protocol mandates that individual archives map their metadata to the Dublin Core, a common metadata set for this purpose. OAI standards allow a common way to provide content, and part of those standards is that the content has metadata that describes the items in Dublin Core format. Object Reuse and Exchange (OAI-ORE)[7] defines standards for the description and exchange of aggregations of web resources.

Funding for the initiative came from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, Coalition for Networked Information (CNI), Digital Library Federation (DLF), National Science Foundation (NSF), the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and other organizations.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ Van de Sompel, Herbert; Nelson, Michael L.; Lagoze, Carl; Warner, Simeon (2004). "Resource Harvesting within the OAI-PMH Framework". D-Lib Magazine. 10 (12). doi:10.1045/december2004-vandesompel. ISSN 1082-9873.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  2. ^ Warner, Simeon (2001-06-28). "Exposing and harvesting metadata using the OAI metadata harvesting protocol: A tutorial". arXiv:cs/0106057.
  3. ^ Lagoze, Carl; Van de Sompel, Herbert (2003). "The making of the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting". Library Hi Tech. 21 (2): 118–128. doi:10.1108/07378830310479776. ISSN 0737-8831.
  4. ^ a b Open Archives Initiative -> About OAI
  5. ^ Van de Sompel, Herbert; Lagoze, Carl (2000). "The Santa Fe Convention of the Open Archives Initiative". D-Lib Magazine. 6 (2). doi:10.1045/february2000-vandesompel-oai. ISSN 1082-9873.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  6. ^ a b Lagoze, Carl; Van de Sompel, Herbert; Nelson, Michael; Warner, Simeon (2002-06-14). "Open Archives Initiative - Protocol for Metadata Harvesting - v.2.0". www.openarchives.org. Retrieved 2021-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ a b "ORE Specifications and User Guides - Table of Contents". www.openarchives.org. 2014 [2008]. Retrieved 2021-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  8. ^ Van de Sompel, Herbert; Nelson, Michael L.; Klein, Martin; Sanderson, Robert (2013), Aalberg, Trond; Papatheodorou, Christos; Dobreva, Milena; Tsakonas, Giannis (eds.), "ResourceSync: The NISO/OAI Resource Synchronization Framework", Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, vol. 8092, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 488–489, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-40501-3_70, ISBN 978-3-642-40500-6, retrieved 2021-02-26
  9. ^ "ResourceSync Framework Specification - Table of Contents". www.openarchives.org. 2017. Retrieved 2021-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ^ "ANSI/NISO Z39.99-2017 ResourceSync Framework Specification | NISO website". www.niso.org. 2017. Retrieved 2021-02-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ^ Arms, William Y.; Dushay, Naomi; Fulker, Dave; Lagoze, Carl (2003). "A case study in metadata harvesting: the NSDL". Library Hi Tech. 21 (2): 228–237. doi:10.1108/07378830310479866. ISSN 0737-8831.
  12. ^ Horwood, Lynne; Sullivan, Shirley; Young, Eve; Garner, Jane (2004). "OAI compliant institutional repositories and the role of library staff". Library Management. 25 (4/5): 170–176. doi:10.1108/01435120410533756. ISSN 0143-5124.
  13. ^ Suleman, Hussein; Fox, Edward A. (2003). "Leveraging OAI harvesting to disseminate theses". Library Hi Tech. 21 (2): 219–227. doi:10.1108/07378830310479857. ISSN 0737-8831.
  14. ^ Cole, Timothy W.; Foulonneau, Muriel (2007). Using the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting. Libraries Unlimited. ISBN 978-1-59158-280-9.
  15. ^ Shreeves, Sarah L.; Habing, Thomas G.; Hagedorn, Kat; Young, Jeffery (2005). "Current developments and future trends for the OAI Protocol for Metadata Harvesting". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  16. ^ Reese, Terry (2009-04-01). "Automated Metadata Harvesting: Low-Barrier MARC Record Generation from OAI-PMH Repository Stores Using MarcEdit". Library Resources & Technical Services. 53 (2): 121–134. doi:10.5860/lrts.53n2.121. ISSN 0024-2527.

External links

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