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== Description ==
== Description ==
The paleoenvironment it preserves was semi-[[arid]] and characterized by [[Alluvium|alluvial]] (stream-deposited) and [[Aeolian processes|eolian]] (wind-deposited) sediments. The formation is known for its [[vertebrate]] fossils, most of which are preserved in unstructured sandstone, indicating burial by wind-blown [[Dust storm|sandstorms]].<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993>{{cite journal |doi=10.1139/e93-190 |last=Jerzykiewicz |first=T. |author2=Currie, P.J. |author3=Eberth, D.A. |author4=Johnston, P.A. |author5=Koster, E.H. |author6=Zheng J. |year=1993 |title=Djadokhta correlative strata in Chinese Inner Mongolia: An overview of the stratigraphy, sedimentary geology, and paleontology and comparisons with the type locality in the pre-Altai Gobi. |journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=30 |pages=2180–2195}} [printed early 1994]</ref>
The paleoenvironment it preserves was semi-[[arid]] and characterized by [[Alluvium|alluvial]] (stream-deposited) and [[Aeolian processes|eolian]] (wind-deposited) sediments. The formation is known for its [[vertebrate]] fossils, most of which are preserved in unstructured sandstone, indicating burial by wind-blown [[Dust storm|sandstorms]].<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993>{{cite journal|last1=Jerzykiewicz|first1=T.|last2=Currie|first2=P. J.|last3=Eberth|first3=D. A.|last4=Johnston|first4=P. A.|last5=Koster|first5=E. H.|last6=Zheng|first6=J.-J.|date=1993|title=Djadokhta Formation correlative strata in Chinese Inner Mongolia: an overview of the stratigraphy, sedimentary geology, and paleontology and comparisons with the type locality in the pre-Altai Gobi|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=30|number=10|pages=2180−2195|bibcode=1993CaJES..30.2180J|doi=10.1139/e93-190|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237174446}}</ref>


== Paleofauna of the Bayan Mandahu Formation ==
== Fauna ==
The [[fauna]] of the Bayan Mandahu is very similar in composition to the nearby [[Djadochta Formation]], and the two may have been deposited at roughly the same time. These two formations share many of the same [[Genus|genera]], but differ in the makeup of [[species]]. For example, the most common mammal in the Djadochta is ''[[Kryptobaatar dashzevegi]]'', while in the Bayan Mandahu, it is the closely related ''[[Kryptobaatar mandahuensis]]''. Similarly, the dinosaur fauna of the Djadochta includes ''[[Protoceratops andrewsi]]'' and ''[[Velociraptor mongoliensis]]'', while the Bayan Mandahu contains ''[[Protoceratops hellenikorhinus]]'' and ''[[Velociraptor osmolskae]]''.<ref name="PGetal2008"/>
The [[fauna]] of the Bayan Mandahu is very similar in composition to the nearby [[Djadochta Formation]], and the two may have been deposited at roughly the same time. These two formations share many of the same [[Genus|genera]], but differ in the makeup of [[species]]. For example, the most common mammal in the Djadochta is ''[[Kryptobaatar dashzevegi]]'', while in the Bayan Mandahu, it is the closely related ''[[Kryptobaatar mandahuensis]]''. Similarly, the dinosaur fauna of the Djadochta includes ''[[Protoceratops andrewsi]]'' and ''[[Velociraptor mongoliensis]]'', while the Bayan Mandahu contains ''[[Protoceratops hellenikorhinus]]'' and ''[[Velociraptor osmolskae]]''.<ref name="PGetal2008"/>

{{Paleobiota-key-compact}}


=== Crocodylomorphs ===
=== Crocodylomorphs ===
Line 39: Line 41:
! Species
! Species
! Location
! Location
! Material
! Stratigraphic position
! Abundance
! Notes
! Notes
<!-- ! Images -->
! Images
|-
|-
| ''[[Shamosuchus]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
''[[Shamosuchus]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| A [[mesoeucrocodylia]]n.
| A [[mesoeucrocodylia]]n.
|
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 64: Line 64:
! Species
! Species
! Location
! Location
! Material
! Stratigraphic position
! Abundance
! Notes
! Notes
! Images
|-
|-
| ''[[Adamisaurus]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
| ''A. magnidentatus''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
|
''[[Adamisaurus]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
|
| An [[agamid]].
''A. magnidentatus''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
|
|-
| ''[[Bainguis]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
|
|
|
| An [[agamid]]
|-
|
|
| A [[diploglossa]]n.
''[[Bainguis]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
|
|-
| ''[[Telmasaurus]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
|
|
|
|
|
| A [[monitor lizard]].
|
|
A [[diploglossa]]n
|-
|-
|}

=== Turtles ===
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
|-
! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Turtle]]s of the Bayan Mandahu Formation'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Location
! Material
! Notes
! Images
|-
| ''[[Basilemys]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
|
''[[Telmasaurus]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
|
|
|
| A [[Trionychia|softshell turtle]].
|
|
|-
| ''"[[Zangerlia]]"''
| ''"Z." neimongolensis''
| Bayan Mandahu
| "Partial to complete skeletons of multiple individuals."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Brinkman|first1=D. B.|last2=Tong|first2=H.-Y.|last3=Li|first3=H.|last4=Sun|first4=Y.|last5=Zhang|first5=J.-S.|last6=Godefroit|first6=P.|last7=Zhang|first7=Z.-M.|date=2015|title=New exceptionally well-preserved specimens of “Zangerlia” neimongolensis from Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, and their taxonomic significance|journal=Comptes Rendus Palevol|volume=14|issue=6-7|pages=577−587|doi=10.1016/j.crpv.2014.12.005|doi-access=free}}</ref>
| A [[nanhsiungchelyid]].
|
|
|
A [[monitor lizard]]
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 107: Line 129:
! Species
! Species
! Location
! Location
! Material
! Stratigraphic position
! Abundance
! Notes
! Notes
! Images
|-
|-
| ''[[Guibaatar]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=John R. Wible |author2=Sarah L. Shelley |author3=Shundong Bi |year=2019 |title=New Genus and Species of Djadochtatheriid Multituberculate (Allotheria, Mammalia) from the Upper Cretaceous Bayan Mandahu Formation of Inner Mongolia |journal=Annals of Carnegie Museum |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=285–327 |doi=10.2992/007.085.0401 |s2cid=210840006 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338202993}}</ref>
|
| ''G. castellanus''
''[[Guibaatar]]''<ref>{{cite journal |author1=John R. Wible |author2=Sarah L. Shelley |author3=Shundong Bi |year=2019 |title=New genus and species of djadochtatheriid multituberculate (Allotheria, Mammalia) from the Upper Cretaceous Bayan Mandahu Formation of Inner Mongolia |journal=Annals of Carnegie Museum |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=285–327 |doi=10.2992/007.085.0401 |s2cid=210840006 }}</ref>
|
''G. castellanus''
|
|
|
|
| A [[Djadochtatheriidae|djadochtatheriid]] [[Multituberculata|multituberculate]].
|
|
|
A [[Djadochtatheriidae|djadochtatheriid]] [[Multituberculata|multituberculate]]
|-
|-
| ''[[Kennalestes]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
''[[Kennalestes]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
| ''K. gobiensis''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
''K. gobiensis''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|
|
|
|
| A [[Eutheria|placental]]. Also present in the [[Djadochta Formation]].
|
|
|
A [[Eutheria|placental]]. Also present in the [[Djadochta Formation]].
|-
|-
| ''[[Kryptobaatar]]''<ref name=PGetal2008/>
|
| ''K. mandahuensis''
''[[Kryptobaatar]]''
|
''K. mandahuensis''
|
|
|
|
| A [[multituberculate]].
|
|
The most common mammal in this formation.<ref name=PGetal2008/>
|
A [[multituberculate]].
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 152: Line 164:
! Species
! Species
! Location
! Location
! Material
! Abundance
! Notes
! Notes
! Images
! Images
|-
|-
| ''[[Bagaceratops]]''
|
| ''B. rozhdestvenskyi''
[[Hadrosauridae]] indet.<ref name="Longrichetal10">{{cite journal|author1=Nicholas R. Longrich |author2=Philip J. Currie |author3=Dong Zhi-Ming |year=2010 |title=A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia |journal=Palaeontology |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=945–960 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00968.x|doi-access=free }}</ref>
| Bayan Mandahu
|
| "Partial skull."<ref name=Czepinski2019>{{cite journal|last1=Czepiński|first1=Ł.|date=2019|title=Ontogeny and variation of a protoceratopsid dinosaur Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert|journal=Historical Biology|pages=1−28|doi=10.1080/08912963.2019.1593404|url=http://dinosaurmailinglist.cmnh.org/2019Apr/pdfzmfpMk1aO4.pdf}}</ref>
Indeterminate<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
| A [[protoceratopsid]].
|
| [[File:Bagaceratops_BW.jpg|200px]]
* Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
A hadrosaurid.
| rowspan="99" |
[[Image:MagnirostrisDodsoni(Skull)-PaleozoologicalMuseumOfChina-May23-08.jpg|thumb|center|''[[Magnirostris]]'']]
[[File:Pinacosaurus Jack Wood 2017.png|thumb|left|''[[Pinacosaurus]]'']]
[[File:Protoceratops.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Protoceratops]]'']]
[[File:Udanoceratops BW.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Udanoceratops]]'']]
|-
|-
| [[Hadrosauridae]] indet.<ref name="Longrichetal10">{{cite journal|author1=Nicholas R. Longrich |author2=Philip J. Currie |author3=Dong Zhi-Ming |year=2010 |title=A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia |journal=Palaeontology |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=945–960 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00968.x|doi-access=free }}</ref>
| Indeterminate<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
| Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
| A hadrosaurid.
''[[Magnirostris]]''<ref name=PGetal2008/>
|
|
''M. dodsoni''<ref name=PGetal2008/>
|
* Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
A [[ceratopsia]]n
|-
|-
|style="background:#e6e6e6;" | ''[[Magnirostris]]''<ref name=PGetal2008/>
|
''[[Pinacosaurus]]''<ref name=PGetal2008/>
|style="background:#e6e6e6;" | ''M. dodsoni''<ref name=PGetal2008/>
|style="background:#e6e6e6;" | Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|style="background:#e6e6e6;" | "Partial skull."
''P. mephistocephalus''<ref name=PGetal2008/>
|style="background:#e6e6e6;" | A [[protoceratopsid]] now considered synonym of ''Bagaceratops''.<ref name=Czepinski2019/>
|
|style="background:#e6e6e6;" | [[File:MagnirostrisDodsoni(Skull)-PaleozoologicalMuseumOfChina-May23-08.jpg|200px]]
* Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
"Skull, postcranial skeleton, osteoderms."<ref name="table-17-1-364">"Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 364.</ref>
|
An [[Ankylosauridae|ankylosaur]]
|-
|-
| ''[[Pinacosaurus]]''<ref name=PGetal2008/>
|
''[[Protoceratops]]''<ref name=PGetal2008/>
| ''P. mephistocephalus''<ref name=PGetal2008/>
| Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
| "Skull, postcranial skeleton, osteoderms."<ref name="table-17-1-364">"Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 364.</ref>
''P. hellenikorhinus''<ref name=PGetal2008/>
| An [[Ankylosauridae|ankylosaur]].
|
| [[File:Pinacosaurus Jack Wood 2017.png|200px]]
* Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
"Complete skull."<ref name="table-22-1-480">"Table 22.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 480.</ref>
|
A ceratopsian
|-
|-
| <small>''[[Udanoceratops]]''?<small/>
|
| Indeterminate
<small>?''[[Udanoceratops]]''</small><ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
| Bayan Mandahu
|
Indeterminate<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
| "Nearly 1 meter long skull."<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
| A giant [[leptoceratopsid]].
|
| [[File:Udanoceratops BW.jpg|200px]]
* Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
A giant ceratopsian
|-
|-
|}
|}
Line 223: Line 213:
! Species
! Species
! Location
! Location
! Material
! Abundance
! Notes
! Notes
! Images
! Images
|-
|-
| [[Alvarezsauridae]] indet.
|
| Indeterminate
cf. ''[[Gobipteryx]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
| Bayan Mandahu
|
| "Partial vertebrae, scapula and pedal phalanges."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Pittman|first1=M.|last2=Xu|first2=X.|last3=Stiegler|first3=J. B.|date=2015|title=The taxonomy of a new parvicursorine alvarezsauroid specimen IVPP V20341 (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, China|journal=PeerJ|volume=3|pages=e986|doi=10.7717/peerj.986|doi-access=free|pmc=4465946|pmid=26082871}}</ref>
Indeterminate
| An [[alvarezsaurid]].
|
| [[File:Alvarezsaurid IVPP V20341 cervical vertebrae.png|200px]]
|
|
Eggs similar to those attributed to ''Gobipteryx minuta'' from the [[Djadochta Formation]].
| rowspan="99" |
[[File:Linheraptor exquisitus.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Linheraptor]]'']]
[[File:Linhenykus NT.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Linhenykus]]'']]
[[File:Machairasaurus.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Machairasaurus]]'']]
[[File:Philovenator curriei life restoration..png|thumb|left|''[[Philovenator]]'']]
[[File:Velociraptor Restoration.png|thumb|left|''[[Velociraptor]]'']]
[[File:Wulatelong drawing.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Wulatelong]]'']]
|-
|-
| cf. ''[[Gobipteryx]]''
| Indeterminate
|
|
| "Eggs similar to those attributed to ''Gobipteryx minuta'' from the [[Djadochta Formation]]."<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
''[[Linheraptor]]''<ref name=xuhoneetal2010 />
|
|
''L. exquisitus''<ref name=xuhoneetal2010>Xu, X., Choinere, J., Pittman, M., Tan, Q., Xiao, D., Li, Z., Tan, L., Clark, J., Norell, M., Hone, D.W.E. and Sullivan, C. (In press). "A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Wuliangsuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China." ''Zootaxa'', '''in press'''.</ref>
|
|
* Wuliangsuhai<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
A dromaeosaurid
|-
|-
| ''[[Linheraptor]]''<ref name=xuhoneetal2010 />
| ''L. exquisitus''<ref name=xuhoneetal2010>Xu, X., Choinere, J., Pittman, M., Tan, Q., Xiao, D., Li, Z., Tan, L., Clark, J., Norell, M., Hone, D.W.E. and Sullivan, C. (In press). "A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Wuliangsuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China." ''Zootaxa'', '''in press'''.</ref>
| Wuliangsuhai<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
| A [[dromaeosaurid]].
''[[Linhevenator]]''<ref name=linhevenator>Xu X., Tan Q., Sullivan, C., Han F., Xiao D. (2011)
| [[File:Linheraptor exquisitus.jpg|200px]]
A Short-Armed Troodontid Dinosaur from the Upper
Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia and Its Implications for
Troodontid Evolution.
PLoS ONE 6(9): e22916. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0022916}}
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0022916</ref>
|
''L. tani''<ref name=linhevenator />
|
* Wuliangsuhai<ref name=linhevenator />
|
|
A troodontid
|-
|-
| ''[[Linhevenator]]''<ref name=linhevenator>Xu X., Tan Q., Sullivan, C., Han F., Xiao D. (2011) A Short-Armed Troodontid Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia and Its Implications for Troodontid Evolution. PLoS ONE 6(9): e22916. {{doi|10.1371/journal.pone.0022916}} http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0022916</ref>
| ''L. tani''<ref name=linhevenator />
| Wuliangsuhai<ref name=linhevenator />
|
|
| A [[troodontid]].
''[[Linhenykus]]''
|
|
''L. monodactylus''
|
* Wuliangsuhai
|
|
An [[alvarezsaurid]]
|-
|-
| ''[[Linhenykus]]''
| ''L. monodactylus''
| Wuliangsuhai
|
|
| An [[alvarezsaurid]].
''[[Machairasaurus]]''
| [[File:Linhenykus NT.jpg|200px]]
|
''M. leptonychus''
|
* Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
An oviraptorid
|-
|
''[[Philovenator]]''
|
''P. curriei''
|
* Wuliangsuhai
|
|
A troodontid
|-
| rowspan="2" |
''[[Velociraptor]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |
''V. mongoliensis''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |
|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |
|style="background:#f3e9f3;" |
Misclassified, only present in the [[Djadochta Formation]].
|-
|-
| ''[[Machairasaurus]]''
| ''M. leptonychus''
| Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
| An [[oviraptorid]].
''V. osmolskae''
| [[File:Machairasaurus.jpg|200px]]
|
* Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
A dromaeosaurid
|-
|-
| [[Oviraptoridae]] indet.
| Indeterminate
| Bayan Mandahu
| "Partial individual sitting atop an egg clutch."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Dong|first1=Z.|last2=Currie|first2=P. J.|date=1996|title=On the discovery of an oviraptorid skeleton on a nest of eggs at Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=33|issue=4|pages=631−636|bibcode=1996CaJES..33..631D|doi=10.1139/e96-046}}</ref>
| An [[oviraptorid]] that represent the second nesting oviraptorid. Sometimes referred to ''Machairasaurus''.<ref name="Longrichetal10"/><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Fanti|first1=F.|last2=Currie|first2=P. J.|last3=Badamgarav|first3=D.|last4=Lalueza-Fox|first4=C.|date=2012|title=New specimens of Nemegtomaia from the Baruungoyot and Nemegt Formations (Late Cretaceous) of Mongolia|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=7|issue=2|pages=e31330|bibcode=2012PLoSO...731330F|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0031330|doi-access=free|pmc=3275628|pmid=22347465}}</ref>
|
|
''[[Wulatelong]]''
|
''W. gobiensis''
|
* Wuliangsuhai
|
|
An [[oviraptorosaur]]
|-
|-
| ''[[Philovenator]]''
| ''P. curriei''
| Wuliangsuhai
|
|
| A [[troodontid]].
[[Oviraptoridae]] indet.<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
| [[File:Philovenator curriei life restoration..png|200px]]
|
Indeterminate<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
* Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
An oviraptorid
|-
|-
| [[Sauropoda]] indet.<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
| Indeterminate<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
| Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
| A [[sauropod]].
[[Sauropoda]] indet.<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
Indeterminate<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
* Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
A sauropod.
|-
|-
| [[Tyrannosauridae]] indet.<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
| Indeterminate<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
| Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
| A [[tyrannosaurid]].
[[Tyrannosauridae]] indet.<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
Indeterminate<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
* Bayan Mandahu<ref name="Longrichetal10"/>
|
|
A tyrannosaurid.
|-
|-
| ''[[Velociraptor]]''
|}
| ''V. osmolskae''

| Bayan Mandahu
=== Turtles ===
| "Maxillae and left lacrimal."<ref name="PGetal2008"/>
{| class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"
| A [[dromaeosaurid]].
|-
| [[File:Velociraptor Restoration.png|200px]]
! colspan="7" align="center" |'''[[Turtle]]s of the Bayan Mandahu Formation'''
|-
! Genus
! Species
! Location
! Stratigraphic position
! Abundance
! Notes
|-
|-
| ''[[Wulatelong]]''
| ''W. gobiensis''
| Wuliangsuhai
|
|
| An [[oviraptorosaur]].
''[[Basilemys]]''<ref name=jerzykiewiczetal1993/>
| [[File:Wulatelong drawing.jpg|200px]]
|
|
|
|
|
A [[Trionychia|softshell turtle]]
|-
|-
|}
|}

Revision as of 03:02, 3 March 2021

Bayan Mandahu Formation
Stratigraphic range: Campanian, 75–71 Ma
↓
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofGobi Desert
Lithology
PrimarySandstone
Location
Coordinates41.75N 106.75E
RegionInner Mongolia
Country China
Type section
Named forBayan Mandahu, Urad Rear Banner, Inner Mongolia

The Bayan Mandahu Formation (also known as Wulansuhai Formation or Wuliangsuhai Formation) is a geological unit of "redbeds" located near the village of Bayan Mandahu in Inner Mongolia, China Asia (Gobi Desert) and dates from the late Cretaceous Period. Laid down in the Campanian, it is dated somewhat uncertainly to between 75-71 mya (million years ago).[1]

Description

The paleoenvironment it preserves was semi-arid and characterized by alluvial (stream-deposited) and eolian (wind-deposited) sediments. The formation is known for its vertebrate fossils, most of which are preserved in unstructured sandstone, indicating burial by wind-blown sandstorms.[2]

Paleofauna of the Bayan Mandahu Formation

The fauna of the Bayan Mandahu is very similar in composition to the nearby Djadochta Formation, and the two may have been deposited at roughly the same time. These two formations share many of the same genera, but differ in the makeup of species. For example, the most common mammal in the Djadochta is Kryptobaatar dashzevegi, while in the Bayan Mandahu, it is the closely related Kryptobaatar mandahuensis. Similarly, the dinosaur fauna of the Djadochta includes Protoceratops andrewsi and Velociraptor mongoliensis, while the Bayan Mandahu contains Protoceratops hellenikorhinus and Velociraptor osmolskae.[1]

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Crocodylomorphs

Crocodylomorphs of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Shamosuchus[2] A mesoeucrocodylian.

Lizards

An amphisbaenian species is known from the formation.[2] An iguanian species is known from the formation.[2]

Lizards of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Adamisaurus[2] A. magnidentatus[2] An agamid.
Bainguis[2] A diploglossan.
Telmasaurus[2] A monitor lizard.

Turtles

Turtles of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Basilemys[2] A softshell turtle.
"Zangerlia" "Z." neimongolensis Bayan Mandahu "Partial to complete skeletons of multiple individuals."[3] A nanhsiungchelyid.

Mammals

A taeniolabidoidea multituberculate is known from the formation.[2]

Mammals of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Guibaatar[4] G. castellanus A djadochtatheriid multituberculate.
Kennalestes[2] K. gobiensis[2] A placental. Also present in the Djadochta Formation.
Kryptobaatar[1] K. mandahuensis A multituberculate.

Ornithischians

Ornithischian dinosaurs of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Bagaceratops B. rozhdestvenskyi Bayan Mandahu "Partial skull."[5] A protoceratopsid.
Hadrosauridae indet.[6] Indeterminate[6] Bayan Mandahu[6] A hadrosaurid.
Magnirostris[1] M. dodsoni[1] Bayan Mandahu[6] "Partial skull." A protoceratopsid now considered synonym of Bagaceratops.[5]
Pinacosaurus[1] P. mephistocephalus[1] Bayan Mandahu[6] "Skull, postcranial skeleton, osteoderms."[7] An ankylosaur.
Udanoceratops? Indeterminate Bayan Mandahu "Nearly 1 meter long skull."[2] A giant leptoceratopsid.

Saurischians

Saurischian dinosaurs of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Alvarezsauridae indet. Indeterminate Bayan Mandahu "Partial vertebrae, scapula and pedal phalanges."[8] An alvarezsaurid.
cf. Gobipteryx Indeterminate "Eggs similar to those attributed to Gobipteryx minuta from the Djadochta Formation."[2]
Linheraptor[9] L. exquisitus[9] Wuliangsuhai[6] A dromaeosaurid.
Linhevenator[10] L. tani[10] Wuliangsuhai[10] A troodontid.
Linhenykus L. monodactylus Wuliangsuhai An alvarezsaurid.
Machairasaurus M. leptonychus Bayan Mandahu[6] An oviraptorid.
Oviraptoridae indet. Indeterminate Bayan Mandahu "Partial individual sitting atop an egg clutch."[11] An oviraptorid that represent the second nesting oviraptorid. Sometimes referred to Machairasaurus.[6][12]
Philovenator P. curriei Wuliangsuhai A troodontid.
Sauropoda indet.[6] Indeterminate[6] Bayan Mandahu[6] A sauropod.
Tyrannosauridae indet.[6] Indeterminate[6] Bayan Mandahu[6] A tyrannosaurid.
Velociraptor V. osmolskae Bayan Mandahu "Maxillae and left lacrimal."[1] A dromaeosaurid.
Wulatelong W. gobiensis Wuliangsuhai An oviraptorosaur.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Godefroit, Pascal; Currie, Philip J.; Li Hong; Shang Chang Yong; Dong Zhi-ming (2008). "A new species of Velociraptor (Dinosauria: Dromaeosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of northern China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 28 (2): 432–438. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2008)28[432:ANSOVD]2.0.CO;2.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Jerzykiewicz, T.; Currie, P. J.; Eberth, D. A.; Johnston, P. A.; Koster, E. H.; Zheng, J.-J. (1993). "Djadokhta Formation correlative strata in Chinese Inner Mongolia: an overview of the stratigraphy, sedimentary geology, and paleontology and comparisons with the type locality in the pre-Altai Gobi". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 30 (10): 2180−2195. Bibcode:1993CaJES..30.2180J. doi:10.1139/e93-190.
  3. ^ Brinkman, D. B.; Tong, H.-Y.; Li, H.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, J.-S.; Godefroit, P.; Zhang, Z.-M. (2015). "New exceptionally well-preserved specimens of "Zangerlia" neimongolensis from Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, and their taxonomic significance". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 14 (6–7): 577−587. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2014.12.005.
  4. ^ John R. Wible; Sarah L. Shelley; Shundong Bi (2019). "New Genus and Species of Djadochtatheriid Multituberculate (Allotheria, Mammalia) from the Upper Cretaceous Bayan Mandahu Formation of Inner Mongolia". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 85 (4): 285–327. doi:10.2992/007.085.0401. S2CID 210840006.
  5. ^ a b Czepiński, Ł. (2019). "Ontogeny and variation of a protoceratopsid dinosaur Bagaceratops rozhdestvenskyi from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert" (PDF). Historical Biology: 1−28. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1593404.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Nicholas R. Longrich; Philip J. Currie; Dong Zhi-Ming (2010). "A new oviraptorid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia". Palaeontology. 53 (5): 945–960. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00968.x.
  7. ^ "Table 17.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 364.
  8. ^ Pittman, M.; Xu, X.; Stiegler, J. B. (2015). "The taxonomy of a new parvicursorine alvarezsauroid specimen IVPP V20341 (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Wulansuhai Formation of Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, China". PeerJ. 3: e986. doi:10.7717/peerj.986. PMC 4465946. PMID 26082871.
  9. ^ a b Xu, X., Choinere, J., Pittman, M., Tan, Q., Xiao, D., Li, Z., Tan, L., Clark, J., Norell, M., Hone, D.W.E. and Sullivan, C. (In press). "A new dromaeosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous Wuliangsuhai Formation of Inner Mongolia, China." Zootaxa, in press.
  10. ^ a b c Xu X., Tan Q., Sullivan, C., Han F., Xiao D. (2011) A Short-Armed Troodontid Dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia and Its Implications for Troodontid Evolution. PLoS ONE 6(9): e22916. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022916 http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0022916
  11. ^ Dong, Z.; Currie, P. J. (1996). "On the discovery of an oviraptorid skeleton on a nest of eggs at Bayan Mandahu, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 33 (4): 631−636. Bibcode:1996CaJES..33..631D. doi:10.1139/e96-046.
  12. ^ Fanti, F.; Currie, P. J.; Badamgarav, D.; Lalueza-Fox, C. (2012). "New specimens of Nemegtomaia from the Baruungoyot and Nemegt Formations (Late Cretaceous) of Mongolia". PLOS ONE. 7 (2): e31330. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...731330F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031330. PMC 3275628. PMID 22347465.

Bibliography

  • Weishampel, David B.; Peter Dodson, and Halszka Osmólska (eds.). 2004. The Dinosauria, 2nd edition, 1–880. Berkeley: University of California Press. Accessed 2019-02-21. ISBN 0-520-24209-2

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