Murinae: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Subfamily of rodents}} |
{{Short description|Subfamily of rodents}} |
||
{{More footnotes|date=November 2009}} |
|||
{{Automatic taxobox |
{{Automatic taxobox |
||
| name = Old World rats and mice |
| name = Old World rats and mice |
||
Line 186: | Line 185: | ||
==Description== |
==Description== |
||
The Murinae are native to [[Africa]], [[Europe]], [[Asia]], and [[Australia]]. They are [[terrestrial animal|terrestrial]] [[placental]] [[mammal]]s, like bats and the dingo native to Australia. They have also been [[invasive species|introduced]] to all continents except [[Antarctica]], and are serious pest animals. This is particularly true in island communities where they have contributed to the [[endangered|endangerment]] and [[extinct]]ion of many native animals.{{ |
The Murinae are native to [[Africa]], [[Europe]], [[Asia]], and [[Australia]]. They are [[terrestrial animal|terrestrial]] [[placental]] [[mammal]]s, like bats and the dingo native to Australia. They have also been [[invasive species|introduced]] to all continents except [[Antarctica]], and are serious pest animals. This is particularly true in island communities where they have contributed to the [[endangered|endangerment]] and [[extinct]]ion of many native animals.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Harper|first=Grant A.|last2=Bunbury|first2=Nancy|date=2015-01-01|title=Invasive rats on tropical islands: Their population biology and impacts on native species|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989415000244|journal=Global Ecology and Conservation|language=en|volume=3|pages=607–627|doi=10.1016/j.gecco.2015.02.010|issn=2351-9894}}</ref> |
||
Two prominent murine species have become vital [[laboratory animal]]s. The [[brown rat]] and [[house mouse]] are both used as medical subjects. |
Two prominent murine species have become vital [[laboratory animal]]s. The [[brown rat]] and [[house mouse]] are both used as medical subjects. |
||
The murines have a distinctive [[Molar (tooth)|molar]] pattern that involves three rows of cusps instead of two, the primitive pattern seen most frequently in [[muroid rodent]]s.{{ |
The murines have a distinctive [[Molar (tooth)|molar]] pattern that involves three rows of cusps instead of two, the primitive pattern seen most frequently in [[muroid rodent]]s.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Kimura|first=Yuri|last2=Jacobs|first2=Louis L.|last3=Flynn|first3=Lawrence J.|date=2013-10-14|title=Lineage-Specific Responses of Tooth Shape in Murine Rodents (Murinae, Rodentia) to Late Miocene Dietary Change in the Siwaliks of Pakistan|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3796524/|journal=PLoS ONE|volume=8|issue=10|pages=e76070|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0076070|issn=1932-6203|pmc=3796524|pmid=24155885}}</ref> |
||
==Fossils== |
==Fossils== |
||
The first known appearance of the Murinae in the [[fossil]] record is about [[Miocene|14 million years ago]] with the fossil genus ''[[Antemus]]''. ''Antemus'' is thought to derive directly from ''[[Potwarmus]]'', which has a more primitive tooth pattern. Likewise, two genera, ''[[Progonomys]]'' and ''[[Karnimata]]'', are thought to derive directly from ''Antemus''. ''Progonomys'' is thought to be the ancestor of ''[[Mus (genus)|Mus]]'' and relatives, while ''Karnimata'' |
The first known appearance of the Murinae in the [[fossil]] record is about [[Miocene|14 million years ago]] with the fossil genus ''[[Antemus]]''. ''Antemus'' is thought to derive directly from ''[[Potwarmus]]'', which has a more primitive tooth pattern. Likewise, two genera, ''[[Progonomys]]'' and ''[[Karnimata]]'', are thought to derive directly from ''Antemus''. ''Progonomys'' is thought to be the ancestor of ''[[Mus (genus)|Mus]]'' and relatives, while ''Karnimata'' was previously thought to lead to ''[[Rattus]]'' and relatives, although it is now thought to be a member of the extant tribe [[Praomyini]].<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Denys|first=Christiane|last2=Lecompte|first2=Emilie|last3=Taylor|first3=P. J.|date=21 July 2017|title=Diagnoses and contents of new African and Eurasian Murinae (Rodentia, Muridae) tribes|url=http://dumerilia.wifeo.com/documents/dumerilia-7-15-82-90.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> All of these fossils are found in the well-preserved and easily dated [[Siwalik]] fossil beds of [[Pakistan]]. The transition from ''Potwarmus'' to ''Antemus'' to ''Progonomys'' and ''Karnimata'' is considered an excellent example of [[anagenesis|anagenic evolution]].<ref name=":2" /> |
||
==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
||
Line 301: | Line 300: | ||
As of 2005, the Murinae contained 129 genera in 584 species. Musser and Carleton (2005) divided the Murinae into 29 genus divisions. They treated the [[Otomyinae]] as a separate subfamily, but all molecular analyses conducted to date have supported their inclusion in the Murinae as relatives of African genera.{{sfn|Jansa|Weksler|2004}}{{sfn|Michaux|Reyes|Catzeflis|2001}}{{sfn|Steppan|Adkins|Anderson|2004}}{{sfn|Jansa|Barker|Heaney|2006}} In a recent expedition in the Philippines, seven more ''[[Apomys]]'' mice were added and the genus was proposed to split into two subgenera - ''Apomys'' and ''Megapomys'', based on morphological and [[cytochrome b]] DNA sequences.{{sfn|Heaney|Balete|Rickart|Alviola|2011}} In 2021, a major revision was taken of [[Praomyini]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nicolas|first=Violaine|last2=Mikula|first2=Ondřej|last3=Lavrenchenko|first3=Leonid A.|last4=Šumbera|first4=Radim|last5=Bartáková|first5=Veronika|last6=Bryjová|first6=Anna|last7=Meheretu|first7=Yonas|last8=Verheyen|first8=Erik|last9=Missoup|first9=Alain Didier|last10=Lemmon|first10=Alan R.|last11=Moriarty Lemmon|first11=Emily|date=2021-10-01|title=Phylogenomics of African radiation of Praomyini (Muridae: Murinae) rodents: First fully resolved phylogeny, evolutionary history and delimitation of extant genera|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790321001962|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=163|pages=107263|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107263|issn=1055-7903}}</ref> |
As of 2005, the Murinae contained 129 genera in 584 species. Musser and Carleton (2005) divided the Murinae into 29 genus divisions. They treated the [[Otomyinae]] as a separate subfamily, but all molecular analyses conducted to date have supported their inclusion in the Murinae as relatives of African genera.{{sfn|Jansa|Weksler|2004}}{{sfn|Michaux|Reyes|Catzeflis|2001}}{{sfn|Steppan|Adkins|Anderson|2004}}{{sfn|Jansa|Barker|Heaney|2006}} In a recent expedition in the Philippines, seven more ''[[Apomys]]'' mice were added and the genus was proposed to split into two subgenera - ''Apomys'' and ''Megapomys'', based on morphological and [[cytochrome b]] DNA sequences.{{sfn|Heaney|Balete|Rickart|Alviola|2011}} In 2021, a major revision was taken of [[Praomyini]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Nicolas|first=Violaine|last2=Mikula|first2=Ondřej|last3=Lavrenchenko|first3=Leonid A.|last4=Šumbera|first4=Radim|last5=Bartáková|first5=Veronika|last6=Bryjová|first6=Anna|last7=Meheretu|first7=Yonas|last8=Verheyen|first8=Erik|last9=Missoup|first9=Alain Didier|last10=Lemmon|first10=Alan R.|last11=Moriarty Lemmon|first11=Emily|date=2021-10-01|title=Phylogenomics of African radiation of Praomyini (Muridae: Murinae) rodents: First fully resolved phylogeny, evolutionary history and delimitation of extant genera|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790321001962|journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution|language=en|volume=163|pages=107263|doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107263|issn=1055-7903}}</ref> |
||
The [[Tribe (biology)|tribes]] are based on the classification by the [[American Society of Mammalogists]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Database|first=Mammal Diversity|title=Mammal Diversity Database|date=2021-11-06|url=https://zenodo.org/record/5651212|publisher=Zenodo|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> Some of the division placement is based on Pages ''et al''., 2015.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Pagès|first=Marie|last2=Fabre|first2=Pierre-Henri|last3=Chaval|first3=Yannick|last4=Mortelliti|first4=Alessio|last5=Nicolas|first5=Violaine|last6=Wells|first6=Konstans|last7=Michaux|first7=Johan R.|last8=Lazzari|first8=Vincent|date=2016|title=Molecular phylogeny of South-East Asian arboreal murine rodents|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zsc.12161|journal=Zoologica Scripta|language=en|volume=45|issue=4|pages=349–364|doi=10.1111/zsc.12161|issn=1463-6409}}</ref> |
The [[Tribe (biology)|tribes]] are based on the classification by the [[American Society of Mammalogists]].<ref>{{Citation|last=Database|first=Mammal Diversity|title=Mammal Diversity Database|date=2021-11-06|url=https://zenodo.org/record/5651212|publisher=Zenodo|access-date=2021-12-01}}</ref> Some of the division placement is based on Pages ''et al''., 2015.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Pagès|first=Marie|last2=Fabre|first2=Pierre-Henri|last3=Chaval|first3=Yannick|last4=Mortelliti|first4=Alessio|last5=Nicolas|first5=Violaine|last6=Wells|first6=Konstans|last7=Michaux|first7=Johan R.|last8=Lazzari|first8=Vincent|date=2016|title=Molecular phylogeny of South-East Asian arboreal murine rodents|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zsc.12161|journal=Zoologica Scripta|language=en|volume=45|issue=4|pages=349–364|doi=10.1111/zsc.12161|issn=1463-6409}}</ref> |
||
'''SUBFAMILY MURINAE''' - Old World rats and mice |
'''SUBFAMILY MURINAE''' - Old World rats and mice |
Revision as of 05:27, 11 December 2021
The Old World rats and mice, part of the subfamily Murinae in the family Muridae, comprise at least 519 species. Members of this subfamily are called murines. In terms of species richness, this subfamily is larger than all mammal families except the Cricetidae and Muridae, and is larger than all mammal orders except the bats and the remainder of the rodents.[1]
Description
The Murinae are native to Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia. They are terrestrial placental mammals, like bats and the dingo native to Australia. They have also been introduced to all continents except Antarctica, and are serious pest animals. This is particularly true in island communities where they have contributed to the endangerment and extinction of many native animals.[2][3]
Two prominent murine species have become vital laboratory animals. The brown rat and house mouse are both used as medical subjects.
The murines have a distinctive molar pattern that involves three rows of cusps instead of two, the primitive pattern seen most frequently in muroid rodents.[4]
Fossils
The first known appearance of the Murinae in the fossil record is about 14 million years ago with the fossil genus Antemus. Antemus is thought to derive directly from Potwarmus, which has a more primitive tooth pattern. Likewise, two genera, Progonomys and Karnimata, are thought to derive directly from Antemus. Progonomys is thought to be the ancestor of Mus and relatives, while Karnimata was previously thought to lead to Rattus and relatives, although it is now thought to be a member of the extant tribe Praomyini.[4][5] All of these fossils are found in the well-preserved and easily dated Siwalik fossil beds of Pakistan. The transition from Potwarmus to Antemus to Progonomys and Karnimata is considered an excellent example of anagenic evolution.[4]
Taxonomy
Most of the Murinae have been poorly studied. Some genera have been grouped, such as the hydromyine water rats, conilurine or pseudomyine Australian mice, or the phloeomyine Southeast Asian forms. It appears as if genera from Southeast Asian islands and Australia may be early offshoots compared to mainland forms. The vlei rats in the genera Otomys and Parotomys are often placed in a separate subfamily, Otomyinae, but have been shown to be closely related to African murines in spite of their uniqueness.
Three genera, Uranomys, Lophuromys, and Acomys, were once considered to be murines, but were found to be more closely related to gerbils through molecular phylogenetics. They have been assigned a new subfamily status, Deomyinae.
Molecular phylogenetic studies of Murinae include Lecompte, et al. (2008),[6] which analyzes African murine species based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and two nuclear gene fragments. Lecompte, et al. (2008) estimates that African murines colonized Africa from Asia approximately 11 million years ago during the Miocene.
The following phylogeny of 16 Murinae genera, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein (IRBP) gene, is from Jansa & Weksler (2004: 264).[7]
Murinae | |
Distribution
The following is a list of Murinae genus divisions ordered by the continents that they are endemic to. Most of the diversity is located in Southeast Asia and Australasia.
- Africa
- Aethomys division – 1 genus
- Arvicanthis division – 6 genera
- Colomys division – 3 genera
- Dasymys division – 8 genera
- Hybomys division – 3 genera
- Malacomys division – 1 genus
- Oenomys division – 5 genea
- Otomyini division/tribe – 3 genera
- Stenocephalomys[citation needed]
- Eurasia
- Apodemus division – 2 genera
- Micromys division – 6 genera
- Genus Mus
- South Asia
- Golunda division – 1 genus
- Millardia division – 4 genera
- Southeast Asia
- Dacnomys division – 8 genera
- Hadromys division – 1 genus
- Maxomys division – 1 genus
- Pithecheir division – 6 genera
- Rattus division – 21 genera
- Philippines
- Chrotomys division – 5 genera
- Crunomys division – 2 genera
- Phloeomys division – 4 genera
- Genus Musseromys
- Sulawesi
- Crunomys division – 2 genera
- Echiothrix division – 1 genus
- Melasmothrix division – 2 genera
- Moluccas
- Halmaheramys division – 1 genus
- New Guinea
- Hydromys division – 6 genera
- Lorentzimys division – 1 genus
- Pogonomys division – 11 genera
- Uromys division – 5 genera
- Xeromys division – 3 genera
- Genus Mirzamys
- Australia
- Pseudomys division – 8 genera
List of species
As of 2005, the Murinae contained 129 genera in 584 species. Musser and Carleton (2005) divided the Murinae into 29 genus divisions. They treated the Otomyinae as a separate subfamily, but all molecular analyses conducted to date have supported their inclusion in the Murinae as relatives of African genera.[7][8][9][10] In a recent expedition in the Philippines, seven more Apomys mice were added and the genus was proposed to split into two subgenera - Apomys and Megapomys, based on morphological and cytochrome b DNA sequences.[11] In 2021, a major revision was taken of Praomyini.[12]
The tribes are based on the classification by the American Society of Mammalogists.[13] Some of the division placement is based on Pages et al., 2015.[2]
SUBFAMILY MURINAE - Old World rats and mice
- Tribe Apodemini
- Tribe Arvicanthini
- Aethomys division
- Genus Aethomys - bush rats
- Genus Micaelamys
- Arvicanthis division
- Genus Arvicanthis - unstriped grass mice
- Genus Desmomys
- Genus Lemniscomys - striped grass mice
- Genus Mylomys (African Groove-toothed Rat)
- Genus Pelomys - groove-toothed creek rats
- Genus Rhabdomys (Four-striped Grass Mouse)
- Dasymys division
- Genus Dasymys - shaggy swamp rats
- Golunda division
- Genus Golunda (Indian bush rat)
- Hybomys division
- Oenomys division
- Genus †Canariomys - Canary Islands giant rats
- Genus Grammomys
- Genus Lamottemys
- Genus †Malpaisomys
- Genus Oenomys - rufous-nosed rats
- Genus Thallomys - acacia rats
- Genus Thamnomys - thicket rats
- Aethomys division
- Tribe Hapalomyini
- Genus Hapalomys - marmoset rats
- Tribe Hydromyini
- Chiropodomys division
- Genus Chiropodomys - pencil-tailed tree mice
- Chrotomys division
- Genus Apomys
- Genus Archboldomys (Mount Isarog shrew rats)
- Genus Chrotomys - Luzon striped rats
- Genus Soricomys
- Genus Rhynchomys - shrew-like rats
- Haeromys division
- Genus Haeromys - pygmy tree mice
- Hydromys division
- Genus Baiyankamys (formerly in Hydromys)
- Genus Crossomys (earless water rat)
- Genus Hydromys - water rats
- Genus Microhydromys
- Genus Parahydromys
- Genus Paraleptomys
- Lorentzimys division
- Genus Lorentzimys (New Guinea jumping mouse)
- Mirzamys divivision
- Genus Mirzamys
- Pogonomys division
- Genus Abeomelomys
- Genus Anisomys (powerful-toothed rat)
- Genus Chiruromys
- Genus Coccymys
- Genus †Coryphomys
- Genus Hyomys - white-eared rats
- Genus Macruromys - New Guinean rats
- Genus Mallomys - giant tree rats
- Genus Mammelomys
- Genus Pogonomelomys - Rummler's mosaic tailed rats
- Genus Pogonomys - prehensile-tailed rats
- Genus †Spelaeomys
- Genus Xenuromys (white-tailed New Guinea rat)
- Pseudomys division
- Genus Conilurus - rabbit rats
- Genus Leggadina
- Genus Leporillus - Australian stick-nest rats
- Genus Mastacomys
- Genus Mesembriomys - tree rats
- Genus Notomys - Australian hopping mice
- Genus Pseudomys - Australian native mice
- Genus Zyzomys - thick-tailed rats
- Uromys division
- Genus Melomys - banana rats
- Genus Paramelomys
- Genus Protochromys
- Genus Solomys - naked-tailed rats
- Genus Uromys - giant naked-tailed rats
- Xeromys division
- Genus Leptomys
- Genus Pseudohydromys - New Guinea false water rats
- Genus Xeromys (false water rat)
- Chiropodomys division
- Tribe Malacomyini
- Genus Malacomys - big-eared swamp rats
- Tribe Millardini
- Millardia division
- Pithecheir division
- Genus Pithecheir - monkey-footed rats
- Genus Pithecheirops
- Tribe Murini
- Genus Mus - true mice
- Tribe Otomyini
- Tribe Phloeomyini
- Genus Batomys - Luzon and Mindanao forest rats
- Genus Carpomys - Luzon rats
- Genus Crateromys - cloudrunners
- Genus Musseromys - tree mice
- Genus Phloeomys - slender-tailed cloud rats
- Tribe Praomyini
- Colomys division
- Genus Colomys (African wading rat)
- Genus Nilopegamys
- Genus Zelotomys - stink mice
- Stenocephalemys division
- Genus Chingawaemys - Chingawa forest rat
- Genus Congomys
- Genus Heimyscus
- Genus Hylomyscus - African wood mic
- Genus Mastomys - multimammate rats
- Genus Montemys
- Genus Myomyscus
- Genus Ochromyscus - rock mice
- Genus Praomys - African soft-furred rats
- Genus Serengetimys
- Genus Stenocephalemys - Ethiopian narrow-headed rats
- Colomys division
- Tribe Rattini
- Dacnomys division
- Genus Anonymomys (Mindoro rat)
- Genus Chiromyscus (Fea's tree rat)
- Genus Dacnomys (Large-toothed giant rat)
- Genus Lenothrix (grey tree rat)
- Genus Leopoldamys - long-tailed giant rats
- Genus Margaretamys - margareta rats
- Genus Niviventer - white-bellied rats
- Genus Saxatilomys
- Genus Tonkinomys
- Hyorhinomys division
- Genus Hyorhinomys
- Maxomys division
- Melasmothrix division
- Genus Echiothrix
- Genus Melasmothrix (lesser Sulawesian shrew rat)
- Genus Paucidentomys
- Genus Sommeromys
- Genus Tateomys - greater Sulawesian shrew rats
- Genus Waiomys - Sulawesi water rat
- Micromys division
- Genus Micromys (Old World harvest mice)
- Rattus division
- Genus Abditomys
- Genus Bandicota - bandicoot rats
- Genus Berylmys - white-toothed rats
- Genus Bullimus
- Genus Bunomys
- Genus Diplothrix
- Genus Halmaheramys
- Genus Kadarsanomys
- Genus Komodomys
- Genus Limnomys
- Genus Nesokia (short-tailed bandicoot rat)
- Genus Nesoromys
- Genus Palawanomys (Palawan rat)
- Genus Papagomys - Flores giant rats
- Genus Paruromys (Sulawesian giant rat)
- Genus Paulamys
- Genus Rattus - typical rats
- Genus Srilankamys (Ceylonese rats)
- Genus Sundamys - giant Sunda rats
- Genus Taeromys
- Genus Tarsomys
- Genus Tryphomys (Mearn's Luzon rat)
- Unnamed division (formerly with Pithecheir)
- Dacnomys division
- Tribe Vandeleurini
- Genus Vandeleuria - long-tailed climbing mice
- incertae sedis
Notes
- ^ Wilson & Reeder 2005, p. 1191.
- ^ a b Pagès, Marie; Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Chaval, Yannick; Mortelliti, Alessio; Nicolas, Violaine; Wells, Konstans; Michaux, Johan R.; Lazzari, Vincent (2016). "Molecular phylogeny of South-East Asian arboreal murine rodents". Zoologica Scripta. 45 (4): 349–364. doi:10.1111/zsc.12161. ISSN 1463-6409.
- ^ Harper, Grant A.; Bunbury, Nancy (2015-01-01). "Invasive rats on tropical islands: Their population biology and impacts on native species". Global Ecology and Conservation. 3: 607–627. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2015.02.010. ISSN 2351-9894.
- ^ a b c Kimura, Yuri; Jacobs, Louis L.; Flynn, Lawrence J. (2013-10-14). "Lineage-Specific Responses of Tooth Shape in Murine Rodents (Murinae, Rodentia) to Late Miocene Dietary Change in the Siwaliks of Pakistan". PLoS ONE. 8 (10): e76070. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076070. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3796524. PMID 24155885.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Denys, Christiane; Lecompte, Emilie; Taylor, P. J. (21 July 2017). "Diagnoses and contents of new African and Eurasian Murinae (Rodentia, Muridae) tribes" (PDF).
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Lecompte et al. 2008.
- ^ a b Jansa & Weksler 2004.
- ^ Michaux, Reyes & Catzeflis 2001.
- ^ Steppan, Adkins & Anderson 2004.
- ^ Jansa, Barker & Heaney 2006.
- ^ Heaney et al. 2011.
- ^ Nicolas, Violaine; Mikula, Ondřej; Lavrenchenko, Leonid A.; Šumbera, Radim; Bartáková, Veronika; Bryjová, Anna; Meheretu, Yonas; Verheyen, Erik; Missoup, Alain Didier; Lemmon, Alan R.; Moriarty Lemmon, Emily (2021-10-01). "Phylogenomics of African radiation of Praomyini (Muridae: Murinae) rodents: First fully resolved phylogeny, evolutionary history and delimitation of extant genera". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 163: 107263. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107263. ISSN 1055-7903.
- ^ Database, Mammal Diversity (2021-11-06), Mammal Diversity Database, Zenodo, retrieved 2021-12-01
References
- Chevret, Pascale; Denys, Christiane; Jaeger, Jean-Jacques; Michaux, Jacques; Catzeflis, Francois M. (1993). "Molecular Evidence that the Spiny Mouse (Acomys) is More Closely Related to Gerbils (Gerbillinae) Than to True Mice (Murinae)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (8): 3433–6. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.3433C. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.8.3433. JSTOR 2361758. PMC 46314. PMID 8475093.
- Heaney, Lawrence R.; Balete, Danilo S.; Rickart, Eric A.; Alviola, Phillip A.; Duya, Mariano Roy M.; Duya, Melizar V.; Veluz, M. Josefa; Vandevrede, Lawren; Steppan, Scott J. (2011). "Chapter 1: Seven New Species and a New Subgenus of Forest Mice (Rodentia: Muridae: Apomys) from Luzon Island". Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences. 2 (2): 1–60. doi:10.3158/2158-5520-2.1.1. S2CID 86544405.
- Jacobs, Louis L. (1978). Fossil Rodents (Rhizomyidae & Muridae): From Neogene Siwalik Deposits, Pakistan. Bulletin of the Museum of Northern Arizona, 52. OCLC 4611477.
- Jansa, Sharon; Barker, F.; Heaney, Lawrence (2006). "The Pattern and Timing of Diversification of Philippine Endemic Rodents: Evidence from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Gene Sequences". Systematic Biology. 55 (1): 73–88. doi:10.1080/10635150500431254. JSTOR 20142900. PMID 16507525.
- Jansa, Sharon A.; Weksler, Marcelo (2004). "Phylogeny of muroid rodents: Relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 31 (1): 256–276. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002. PMID 15019624.
- Lecompte, Emilie; Aplin, Ken; Denys, Christiane; Catzeflis, François; Chades, Marion; Chevret, Pascale (2008). "Phylogeny and biogeography of African Murinae based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, with a new tribal classification of the subfamily". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 8. 199. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-199.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - McKenna, Malcolm C.; Bell, Susan K. (2000). Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-11013-6.
- Michaux, J; Reyes, A; Catzeflis, F (2001). "Evolutionary history of the most speciose mammals: Molecular phylogeny of muroid rodents". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (11): 2017–31. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003743. PMID 11606698.
- Musser, G.G.; Carleton, M. D. (1993). "Family Muridae". In Wilson, Don E; Reeder, DeeAnn M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 501–755. ISBN 978-1-56098-217-3.
- Musser, Guy G.; Heaney, Lawrence R. (2006). "Philippine rodents: Definitions of Tarsomys and Limnomys plus a preliminary assessment of phylogenetic patterns among native Philippine murines (Murinae, Muridae)". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 21: 1–138. hdl:2246/906.
- Nowak, R.M. (1999). Walker's Mammals of the World, Vol. 2. London: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Steppan, Scott; Adkins, Ronald; Anderson, Joel (2004). "Phylogeny and Divergence-Date Estimates of Rapid Radiations in Muroid Rodents Based on Multiple Nuclear Genes". Systematic Biology. 53 (4): 533–53. doi:10.1080/10635150490468701. JSTOR 4135423. PMID 15371245.
- Steppan, Scott J.; Adkins, R.M.; Spinks, P.Q.; Hale, C. (2005). "Multigene phylogeny of the Old World mice, Murinae, reveals distinct geographic lineages and the declining utility of mitochondrial genes compared to nuclear genes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (2): 370–88. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.016. PMID 15975830.
- Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, Deeann M. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 12. ISBN 9780801882210.