British Empire League: Difference between revisions
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==Origin== |
==Origin== |
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The British Empire League was a society founded by [[John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury|Lord Avebury]] (1834-1913), [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Lord Roberts]] (1832-1914) and [[Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal|Lord Strathcona]] (1820-1914) in London in 1895 with the aim of securing permanent unity for the British Empire.<ref name="pb">{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the Twentieth Century |last=Barberis |first=Peter |year=2005 |publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]] |location=London |isbn=0826458149 |page=94}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Sources in British Political History 1900-1951: Volume I: A Guide to the Archives of Selected Organisations and Societies |last=Cook |first=Chris |year=2014 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=London |isbn= |
The British Empire League was a society founded by [[John Lubbock, 1st Baron Avebury|Lord Avebury]] (1834-1913), [[Frederick Roberts, 1st Earl Roberts|Lord Roberts]] (1832-1914) and [[Donald Smith, 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal|Lord Strathcona]] (1820-1914) in London in 1895 with the aim of securing permanent unity for the British Empire.<ref name="pb">{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the Twentieth Century |last=Barberis |first=Peter |year=2005 |publisher=[[Continuum International Publishing Group]] |location=London |isbn=0826458149 |page=94}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Sources in British Political History 1900-1951: Volume I: A Guide to the Archives of Selected Organisations and Societies |last=Cook |first=Chris |year=2014 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=London |isbn=978-1349155651 |page=107}}</ref> It was successor to the former [[Imperial Federation League]], which had broken up in 1893.<ref name="ds">{{cite book |title=The Empire of Progress: West Africans, Indians, and Britons at the British Empire Exhibition, 1924-25 |last=Stephen |first=Daniel |year=2013 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=London |isbn=978-1137325112 |page=26}}</ref> |
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Presidents of the League included: [[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby|Lord Derby]] (1841-1908), [[George Clarke, 1st Baron Sydenham of Combe|Lord Sydenham]] (1848-1933), and the [[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|Duke of Devonshire]] (1833-1908); Vice-Presidents included: [[Bonar Law]] (1858-1923), [[Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey|Earl Grey]] (1851-1917), and [[Arthur Balfour]] (1848-1930).<ref name="ds"/> |
Presidents of the League included: [[Frederick Stanley, 16th Earl of Derby|Lord Derby]] (1841-1908), [[George Clarke, 1st Baron Sydenham of Combe|Lord Sydenham]] (1848-1933), and the [[Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire|Duke of Devonshire]] (1833-1908); Vice-Presidents included: [[Bonar Law]] (1858-1923), [[Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey|Earl Grey]] (1851-1917), and [[Arthur Balfour]] (1848-1930).<ref name="ds"/> |
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The League helped to [[Mobilization|mobilise]] troops during the [[Second Boer War]] and the [[World War I|First World War]]. At [[Imperial Conference]]s between 1897 and 1911, it called, among other things, for the introduction of an [[Penny Post|imperial penny post]]; later it called for [[Preferential trading area|preferential tariff]]s, putting forward a strong case at the 1932 [[British Empire Economic Conference]] for the protection of the [[Cinema of the United Kingdom|British film industry]].<ref name="pb"/> |
The League helped to [[Mobilization|mobilise]] troops during the [[Second Boer War]] and the [[World War I|First World War]]. At [[Imperial Conference]]s between 1897 and 1911, it called, among other things, for the introduction of an [[Penny Post|imperial penny post]]; later it called for [[Preferential trading area|preferential tariff]]s, putting forward a strong case at the 1932 [[British Empire Economic Conference]] for the protection of the [[Cinema of the United Kingdom|British film industry]].<ref name="pb"/> |
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The League was active in the British [[dominion]]s of [[Australia]] and [[Canada]] in the early part of the twentieth century.<ref name="ds"/> [[Francis Bertie Boyce]] (1844-1931) was the first president of the British Empire League in Australia, in 1901 (and also in 1909-11);<ref>{{cite dictionary |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3633193/Empire-What-empire.html |title=Boyce, Francis Bertie (1844–1931) |date=2017 |dictionary=[[Australian Dictionary of Biography]] |accessdate=2 October 2017}}</ref> [[George Taylor Denison III|George T. Denison]] (1839-1925) was the first president of the League in Canada.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Denison family of Toronto 1792-1925 |last=Gagan |first=David Paul |year=2013 |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |location=Toronto |isbn= |
The League was active in the British [[dominion]]s of [[Australia]] and [[Canada]] in the early part of the twentieth century.<ref name="ds"/> [[Francis Bertie Boyce]] (1844-1931) was the first president of the British Empire League in Australia, in 1901 (and also in 1909-11);<ref>{{cite dictionary |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3633193/Empire-What-empire.html |title=Boyce, Francis Bertie (1844–1931) |date=2017 |dictionary=[[Australian Dictionary of Biography]] |accessdate=2 October 2017}}</ref> [[George Taylor Denison III|George T. Denison]] (1839-1925) was the first president of the League in Canada.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Denison family of Toronto 1792-1925 |last=Gagan |first=David Paul |year=2013 |publisher=[[University of Toronto Press]] |location=Toronto |isbn=978-0802032973 |page=n.p |url=https://archive.org/details/denisonfamilyoft0000gaga }}</ref> |
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The League's focus on the celebration of the birthday of [[Queen Victoria]] - 24 May - as a [[Patriotism|patriotic]] holiday<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3633193/Empire-What-empire.html |title=Empire? What empire? |date=2004 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |accessdate=2 October 2017}}</ref> was, in Australia, not only an observance of the holiday in schools, but also a wider opportunity to demonstrate [[Loyalism|loyalty]] to Britain; [[Commonwealth Day|Empire Day]] was officially adopted by the [[Reid Government]] in 1905 and observed for more than fifty years.<ref>{{cite book |title=Imperial Culture in Antipodean Cities, 1880-1939 (Britain and the World) |last=Griffiths |first=John |year=2014 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=Toronto |isbn= |
The League's focus on the celebration of the birthday of [[Queen Victoria]] - 24 May - as a [[Patriotism|patriotic]] holiday<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/3633193/Empire-What-empire.html |title=Empire? What empire? |date=2004 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |accessdate=2 October 2017}}</ref> was, in Australia, not only an observance of the holiday in schools, but also a wider opportunity to demonstrate [[Loyalism|loyalty]] to Britain; [[Commonwealth Day|Empire Day]] was officially adopted by the [[Reid Government]] in 1905 and observed for more than fifty years.<ref>{{cite book |title=Imperial Culture in Antipodean Cities, 1880-1939 (Britain and the World) |last=Griffiths |first=John |year=2014 |publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]] |location=Toronto |isbn=978-1137385727 |page=154}}</ref> The League sponsored a monthly Australian publication, ''United Australia'', which featured on its cover [[Britannia]] and the motto "One people one destiny".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://archive.org/stream/no6unitedaustra01sydnuoft/no6unitedaustra01sydnuoft_djvu.txt |title=United Australia |date=2017 |publisher=[[Internet Archive]] |accessdate=2 October 2017}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 03:21, 28 November 2022
 Founder Lord Avebury | |
| Predecessor | Imperial Federation League |
|---|---|
| Founded | 1895 |
| Founder | Lord Avebury |
| Dissolved | 1955 |
| Purpose | Unity for the British Empire |
| Headquarters | London, England, U.K. |
The British Empire League existed from 1895 to 1955; its purpose was to secure permanent unity for the British Empire.
Origin
The British Empire League was a society founded by Lord Avebury (1834-1913), Lord Roberts (1832-1914) and Lord Strathcona (1820-1914) in London in 1895 with the aim of securing permanent unity for the British Empire.[1][2] It was successor to the former Imperial Federation League, which had broken up in 1893.[3]
Presidents of the League included: Lord Derby (1841-1908), Lord Sydenham (1848-1933), and the Duke of Devonshire (1833-1908); Vice-Presidents included: Bonar Law (1858-1923), Earl Grey (1851-1917), and Arthur Balfour (1848-1930).[3]
In 1947, the League merged with the Commonwealth Industries Association, retaining its name until 1955.[1]
Purpose
The League helped to mobilise troops during the Second Boer War and the First World War. At Imperial Conferences between 1897 and 1911, it called, among other things, for the introduction of an imperial penny post; later it called for preferential tariffs, putting forward a strong case at the 1932 British Empire Economic Conference for the protection of the British film industry.[1]
The League was active in the British dominions of Australia and Canada in the early part of the twentieth century.[3] Francis Bertie Boyce (1844-1931) was the first president of the British Empire League in Australia, in 1901 (and also in 1909-11);[4] George T. Denison (1839-1925) was the first president of the League in Canada.[5]
The League's focus on the celebration of the birthday of Queen Victoria - 24 May - as a patriotic holiday[6] was, in Australia, not only an observance of the holiday in schools, but also a wider opportunity to demonstrate loyalty to Britain; Empire Day was officially adopted by the Reid Government in 1905 and observed for more than fifty years.[7] The League sponsored a monthly Australian publication, United Australia, which featured on its cover Britannia and the motto "One people one destiny".[8]
References
- ^ a b c Barberis, Peter (2005). Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the Twentieth Century. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 94. ISBN 0826458149.
- ^ Cook, Chris (2014). Sources in British Political History 1900-1951: Volume I: A Guide to the Archives of Selected Organisations and Societies. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 107. ISBN 978-1349155651.
- ^ a b c Stephen, Daniel (2013). The Empire of Progress: West Africans, Indians, and Britons at the British Empire Exhibition, 1924-25. London: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 26. ISBN 978-1137325112.
- ^ "Boyce, Francis Bertie (1844–1931)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
- ^ Gagan, David Paul (2013). The Denison family of Toronto 1792-1925. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. n.p. ISBN 978-0802032973.
- ^ "Empire? What empire?". The Daily Telegraph. 2004. Retrieved 2 October 2017.
- ^ Griffiths, John (2014). Imperial Culture in Antipodean Cities, 1880-1939 (Britain and the World). Toronto: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 154. ISBN 978-1137385727.
- ^ "United Australia". Internet Archive. 2017. Retrieved 2 October 2017.