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== Description ==
== Description ==
The distribution of ''[[Cardamine]] barbaraeoides'' is restricted to the northern part of the Southern Pindos mountains and the southern part of the Northern Pindos mountains.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Šlenker |first=Marek |last2=Perný |first2=Marián |last3=Zozomová-Lihová |first3=Judita |last4=Marhold |first4=Karol |date=2021-05-24 |title=Taxonomic position and circumscription of Cardamine barbaraeoides (Brassicaceae), a systematically challenging taxon from the Balkan Peninsula |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.502.2.1 |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=502 |issue=2 |pages=111–132 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.502.2.1 |issn=1179-3163}}</ref>. ''C. barbaraeoidies'' grows in wetter soil, commonly growing along small streams, stream banks, wet rock faces, and in springs on wet meadows or pastures<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Šlenker |first=Marek |last2=Kantor |first2=Adam |last3=Marhold |first3=Karol |last4=Schmickl |first4=Roswitha |last5=Mandáková |first5=Terezie |last6=Lysak |first6=Martin A. |last7=Perný |first7=Marián |last8=Caboňová |first8=Michaela |last9=Slovák |first9=Marek |last10=Zozomová-Lihová |first10=Judita |date=2021 |title=Allele Sorting as a Novel Approach to Resolving the Origin of Allotetraploids Using Hyb-Seq Data: A Case Study of the Balkan Mountain Endemic Cardamine barbaraeoides |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.659275 |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2021.659275 |issn=1664-462X |pmc=PMC8115912 |pmid=33995457}}</ref>.  At elevations between 1,000 and 1,800 meters above sea level<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. It is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] and grows primarily in the [[Temperate climate|temperate biome]]. ''C. barbaraeoides'' has a petal color that is white with violet anthers; the overall [[inflorescence]] is [[Raceme|racemose]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />.  The [[Stigma (botany)|stigma]] is inconspicuous absent basal leaves and is as wide as the style<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. The basal leaf rosette is glabrous, pinnate, with 1-2 leaflets, and is loosely congested near the glabrous stem base<ref name=":0" />. 9-21 Stem leaves are equally distributed on the stem, are pinnate, and are similar to basal leaves<ref name=":0" />
The distribution of ''[[Cardamine]] barbaraeoides'' is restricted to the northern part of the Southern Pindos mountains and the southern part of the Northern Pindos mountains.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Šlenker |first=Marek |last2=Perný |first2=Marián |last3=Zozomová-Lihová |first3=Judita |last4=Marhold |first4=Karol |date=2021-05-24 |title=Taxonomic position and circumscription of Cardamine barbaraeoides (Brassicaceae), a systematically challenging taxon from the Balkan Peninsula |url=https://www.biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.502.2.1 |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=502 |issue=2 |pages=111–132 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.502.2.1 |issn=1179-3163}}</ref>. ''C. barbaraeoidies'' grows in wetter soil, commonly growing along small streams, stream banks, wet rock faces, and in springs on wet meadows or pastures<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Šlenker |first=Marek |last2=Kantor |first2=Adam |last3=Marhold |first3=Karol |last4=Schmickl |first4=Roswitha |last5=Mandáková |first5=Terezie |last6=Lysak |first6=Martin A. |last7=Perný |first7=Marián |last8=Caboňová |first8=Michaela |last9=Slovák |first9=Marek |last10=Zozomová-Lihová |first10=Judita |date=2021 |title=Allele Sorting as a Novel Approach to Resolving the Origin of Allotetraploids Using Hyb-Seq Data: A Case Study of the Balkan Mountain Endemic Cardamine barbaraeoides |url=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.659275 |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |volume=12 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2021.659275 |issn=1664-462X |pmc=8115912 |pmid=33995457}}</ref>.  At elevations between 1,000 and 1,800 meters above sea level<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. It is a [[Perennial plant|perennial]] and grows primarily in the [[Temperate climate|temperate biome]]. ''C. barbaraeoides'' has a petal color that is white with violet anthers; the overall [[inflorescence]] is [[Raceme|racemose]]<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />.  The [[Stigma (botany)|stigma]] is inconspicuous absent basal leaves and is as wide as the style<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />. The basal leaf rosette is glabrous, pinnate, with 1-2 leaflets, and is loosely congested near the glabrous stem base<ref name=":0" />. 9-21 Stem leaves are equally distributed on the stem, are pinnate, and are similar to basal leaves<ref name=":0" />


''C. barbaraeoides'' is a tetraploid with 32 [[Chromosome|chromosomes]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Lihová |first=Judita |last2=Shimizu |first2=Kentaro K. |last3=Marhold |first3=Karol |date=2006-06-01 |title=Allopolyploid origin of Cardamine asarifolia (Brassicaceae): Incongruence between plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences solved by a single-copy nuclear gene |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790306000340 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=759–786 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.027 |issn=1055-7903}}</ref>. Analysis of sequencing suggests and [[Polyploidy|allopolypoid]] origin with its progenitors being derived from two major clades of diploids ''[[Cardamine amara|C. amara]]'' and ''C. acris''<ref name=":2" />. A second possible scenario is that wide-ranging genomic changes in the polypoid in response to a “genomic shock”, including nonhomolgous recombination, significantly transformed and differentiated the polypoid genome from its diploid progenitors<ref name=":1" />.  
''C. barbaraeoides'' is a tetraploid with 32 [[Chromosome|chromosomes]]<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=Lihová |first=Judita |last2=Shimizu |first2=Kentaro K. |last3=Marhold |first3=Karol |date=2006-06-01 |title=Allopolyploid origin of Cardamine asarifolia (Brassicaceae): Incongruence between plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences solved by a single-copy nuclear gene |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790306000340 |journal=Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution |language=en |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=759–786 |doi=10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.027 |issn=1055-7903}}</ref>. Analysis of sequencing suggests and [[Polyploidy|allopolypoid]] origin with its progenitors being derived from two major clades of diploids ''[[Cardamine amara|C. amara]]'' and ''C. acris''<ref name=":2" />. A second possible scenario is that wide-ranging genomic changes in the polypoid in response to a “genomic shock”, including nonhomolgous recombination, significantly transformed and differentiated the polypoid genome from its diploid progenitors<ref name=":1" />.  

Revision as of 17:37, 8 December 2022

Cardamine barbaraeoides
File:Cardamine barbaraeoides drawing.jpg
Drawings of Cardamine barbaraeoides (A), C. acris subsp. acris (B), and C. amara subsp. balcanica (C). Scale bar − 5 cm.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Plantae
Phylum:
Tracheophyta
Class:
Magnoliopsida
Order:
Brassicales
Family:
Brassicaceae
Genus:
Cardamine

L.
Species:
C. barbaraeoides
Binomial name
Cardamine barbaraeoides

Cardamine barbaraeoides is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Brassicaceae (mustard) family that is stenoendemic to the Southern Pindos mountains in Greece.

Description

The distribution of Cardamine barbaraeoides is restricted to the northern part of the Southern Pindos mountains and the southern part of the Northern Pindos mountains.[1]. C. barbaraeoidies grows in wetter soil, commonly growing along small streams, stream banks, wet rock faces, and in springs on wet meadows or pastures[2].  At elevations between 1,000 and 1,800 meters above sea level[1][2]. It is a perennial and grows primarily in the temperate biome. C. barbaraeoides has a petal color that is white with violet anthers; the overall inflorescence is racemose[1][2].  The stigma is inconspicuous absent basal leaves and is as wide as the style[1][2]. The basal leaf rosette is glabrous, pinnate, with 1-2 leaflets, and is loosely congested near the glabrous stem base[1]. 9-21 Stem leaves are equally distributed on the stem, are pinnate, and are similar to basal leaves[1]

C. barbaraeoides is a tetraploid with 32 chromosomes[3]. Analysis of sequencing suggests and allopolypoid origin with its progenitors being derived from two major clades of diploids C. amara and C. acris[3]. A second possible scenario is that wide-ranging genomic changes in the polypoid in response to a “genomic shock”, including nonhomolgous recombination, significantly transformed and differentiated the polypoid genome from its diploid progenitors[2].  

Bibliography

  • Lihová, J., Shimizu, K. K., & Marhold, K. (2006). Allopolyploid origin of Cardamine asarifolia (Brassicaceae): Incongruence between plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences solved by a single-copy nuclear gene.[3]
  • Šlenker, M., Kantor, A., Marhold, K., Schmickl, R., Mandáková, T., Lysak, M. A., Perný, M., Caboňová, M., Slovák, M., & Zozomová-Lihová, J. (2021). Allele sorting as a novel approach to resolving the origin of allotetraploids using HYB-SEQ DATA: A case study of the balkan mountain endemic Cardamine Barbaraeoides. [2]
  • ŠLENKER, M. A. R. E. K., 2021. Taxonomic position and circumscription of Cardamine barbaraeoides (Brassicaceae), a systematically challenging taxon from the Balkan peninsula.[1]

Reference

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Šlenker, Marek; Perný, Marián; Zozomová-Lihová, Judita; Marhold, Karol (2021-05-24). "Taxonomic position and circumscription of Cardamine barbaraeoides (Brassicaceae), a systematically challenging taxon from the Balkan Peninsula". Phytotaxa. 502 (2): 111–132. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.502.2.1. ISSN 1179-3163.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Šlenker, Marek; Kantor, Adam; Marhold, Karol; Schmickl, Roswitha; Mandáková, Terezie; Lysak, Martin A.; Perný, Marián; Caboňová, Michaela; Slovák, Marek; Zozomová-Lihová, Judita (2021). "Allele Sorting as a Novel Approach to Resolving the Origin of Allotetraploids Using Hyb-Seq Data: A Case Study of the Balkan Mountain Endemic Cardamine barbaraeoides". Frontiers in Plant Science. 12. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.659275. ISSN 1664-462X. PMC 8115912. PMID 33995457.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  3. ^ a b c Lihová, Judita; Shimizu, Kentaro K.; Marhold, Karol (2006-06-01). "Allopolyploid origin of Cardamine asarifolia (Brassicaceae): Incongruence between plastid and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences solved by a single-copy nuclear gene". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 39 (3): 759–786. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.01.027. ISSN 1055-7903.
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