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It's Nymphaea nouchali aka Nymphaea stellata. Adding sources.
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[[File:Lotus en fleur (Phnom Penh) (6998209695).jpg|thumb|Flower of ''[[Nymphaea caerulea]]'']]
[[File:Lotus en fleur (Phnom Penh) (6998209695).jpg|thumb|Flower of ''[[Nymphaea caerulea]]'']]
[[File:Tara Bianca.jpg|thumb|White [[Tara (Buddhism)|Tara]] holding an utpala flower.]]
[[File:Tara Bianca.jpg|thumb|White [[Tara (Buddhism)|Tara]] holding an utpala flower.]]
'''Utpala''' in [[Sanskrit]] is a neuter noun with two meanings, both given by ''[[Amarakosha|{{IAST|Amarakoṣa}}]]'' (a lexicon of circa. 400 AD). The first meaning is ''[[Nymphaea caerulea]]'', the "blue lotus", also known as ''kuvalaya'' in Sanskrit.<ref>''{{IAST|Amarakoṣa}}'' 1.10.37</ref><ref>For electronic edition of Amarakoṣa definition see: [http://www.ms.uky.edu/~sohum/amar/amar1.itx].</ref> The second meaning of ''utpala'' is a variety of medicinal plant known as '{{IAST|kooṭh}}' in Hindi and '{{IAST|kusṭham}}, vyādhi, paribhavyam or pāribhavyam, vāpyam, pākalam' according to {{IAST|Amarkośa}}.<ref>''{{IAST|Amarakoṣa}}'' 2.4.126</ref><ref>For electronic edition of Amarakoṣa definition see: [http://www.ms.uky.edu/~sohum/amar/amar2.itx].</ref>
'''Utpala''' in [[Sanskrit]] is a neuter noun with two meanings, both given by ''[[Amarakosha|{{IAST|Amarakoṣa}}]]'' (a lexicon of circa. 400 AD). The first meaning is ''[[Nymphaea nouchali]]'', the "blue lotus", also known as ''kuvalaya'' in Sanskrit.<ref>''{{IAST|Amarakoṣa}}'' 1.10.37</ref><ref>For electronic edition of Amarakoṣa definition see: [http://www.ms.uky.edu/~sohum/amar/amar1.itx].</ref> The second meaning of ''utpala'' is a variety of medicinal plant known as '{{IAST|kooṭh}}' in Hindi and '{{IAST|kusṭham}}, vyādhi, paribhavyam or pāribhavyam, vāpyam, pākalam' according to {{IAST|Amarkośa}}.<ref>''{{IAST|Amarakoṣa}}'' 2.4.126</ref><ref>For electronic edition of Amarakoṣa definition see: [http://www.ms.uky.edu/~sohum/amar/amar2.itx].</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Khare |first1=C. P. |title=Indian Herbal Remedies: Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage, Botany |date=27 June 2011 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-3-642-18659-2 |page=456 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Indian_Herbal_Remedies/njLtCAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Caraka Saṃhitā |date=1996 |publisher=Sri Satguru Publications |isbn=978-81-7030-491-3 |page=766 |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Caraka_Sa%E1%B9%83hit%C4%81/lGxFAAAAYAAJ?hl=eni |language=en}}</ref>


In [[Buddhist art]] the ''utpala'' flower is an attribute of the goddess [[Tara (Buddhism)|Tara]], who very often holds one in her hand,<ref>Donaldson, Thomas Eugene, ''Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Odisha'', p. 356, 2001, Abhinav Publications, {{ISBN|81-7017-375-2}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=DbxE8zOuRbUC&pg=PA356 google books]</ref> as other Buddhist and Hindu figures may also do. Later, the ''utpala'' becomes specific to the Green Tara form, while the White Tara holds a white lotus flower (probably ''[[Nymphaea lotus]]'').<ref>Getty, Alice, ''The Gods of Northern Buddhism: Their History and Iconography'', p. 120, 1988 (reprint), Dover Pictorial Archive Series, Courier Corporation, {{ISBN|0486255751}}, 9780486255750, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KxczE2AZ7T8C&pg=PA120 google books]</ref> In Tibet, where none of the tender aquatic plants [[List of plants known as lotus|that may be known as lotus]] can grow, ''utpala'' became a general term for all of them.<ref>Beer, Robert, ''The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols'', p. 170, Serindia Publications, Inc., {{ISBN|1932476032}}, 9781932476033, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-3804Ud9-4IC&pg=PA170 google books]</ref>
In [[Buddhist art]] the ''utpala'' flower is an attribute of the goddess [[Tara (Buddhism)|Tara]], who very often holds one in her hand,<ref>Donaldson, Thomas Eugene, ''Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Odisha'', p. 356, 2001, Abhinav Publications, {{ISBN|81-7017-375-2}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=DbxE8zOuRbUC&pg=PA356 google books]</ref> as other Buddhist and Hindu figures may also do. Later, the ''utpala'' becomes specific to the Green Tara form, while the White Tara holds a white lotus flower (probably ''[[Nymphaea lotus]]'').<ref>Getty, Alice, ''The Gods of Northern Buddhism: Their History and Iconography'', p. 120, 1988 (reprint), Dover Pictorial Archive Series, Courier Corporation, {{ISBN|0486255751}}, 9780486255750, [https://books.google.com/books?id=KxczE2AZ7T8C&pg=PA120 google books]</ref> In Tibet, where none of the tender aquatic plants [[List of plants known as lotus|that may be known as lotus]] can grow, ''utpala'' became a general term for all of them.<ref>Beer, Robert, ''The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols'', p. 170, Serindia Publications, Inc., {{ISBN|1932476032}}, 9781932476033, [https://books.google.com/books?id=-3804Ud9-4IC&pg=PA170 google books]</ref>

Revision as of 03:47, 6 July 2023

For other uses, see Utpala (disambiguation).
Flower of Nymphaea caerulea
White Tara holding an utpala flower.

Utpala in Sanskrit is a neuter noun with two meanings, both given by Amarakoṣa (a lexicon of circa. 400 AD). The first meaning is Nymphaea nouchali, the "blue lotus", also known as kuvalaya in Sanskrit.[1][2] The second meaning of utpala is a variety of medicinal plant known as 'kooṭh' in Hindi and 'kusṭham, vyādhi, paribhavyam or pāribhavyam, vāpyam, pākalam' according to Amarkośa.[3][4][5][6]

In Buddhist art the utpala flower is an attribute of the goddess Tara, who very often holds one in her hand,[7] as other Buddhist and Hindu figures may also do. Later, the utpala becomes specific to the Green Tara form, while the White Tara holds a white lotus flower (probably Nymphaea lotus).[8] In Tibet, where none of the tender aquatic plants that may be known as lotus can grow, utpala became a general term for all of them.[9]

Monier-Williams gives the following meanings of utpala: (1) the blossom of the blue lotus Nymphaea caerulea (-Mahābhārata, Rāmāyana, Suśruta, Raghuvamsa, Meghdoota, etc.),(2) a seed of Nymphaea caerulea (-Suśruta), (3) the plant Costus speciosus (-Bhagavata Purāna), (4) any water-lily, any flower, (-lexicons) (5) a particular hell (-Buddhist literature), (6) name of a Nāga, (7) names of several persons, including an astronomer, (8) its feminine form utpalā meant a river (-Harivamśa), (9) its feminine form utpalā also meant a kind of cake made of unwinnowed corn (-lexicons);

An unrelated homonym, compounded from ud "apart" + pala "flesh" means 'fleshless, emaciated' (-lexicons) and is the name of a particular hell (-lexicons).


Notes

  1. ^ Amarakoṣa 1.10.37
  2. ^ For electronic edition of Amarakoṣa definition see: [1].
  3. ^ Amarakoṣa 2.4.126
  4. ^ For electronic edition of Amarakoṣa definition see: [2].
  5. ^ Khare, C. P. (27 June 2011). Indian Herbal Remedies: Rational Western Therapy, Ayurvedic and Other Traditional Usage, Botany. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 456. ISBN 978-3-642-18659-2.
  6. ^ Caraka Saṃhitā. Sri Satguru Publications. 1996. p. 766. ISBN 978-81-7030-491-3.
  7. ^ Donaldson, Thomas Eugene, Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Odisha, p. 356, 2001, Abhinav Publications, ISBN 81-7017-375-2, google books
  8. ^ Getty, Alice, The Gods of Northern Buddhism: Their History and Iconography, p. 120, 1988 (reprint), Dover Pictorial Archive Series, Courier Corporation, ISBN 0486255751, 9780486255750, google books
  9. ^ Beer, Robert, The Handbook of Tibetan Buddhist Symbols, p. 170, Serindia Publications, Inc., ISBN 1932476032, 9781932476033, google books

References

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