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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1948|03|13}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1948|03|13}}
| birth_place = [[Incheon]], [[Gyeonggi Province]], [[Republic of Korea]]
| birth_place = [[Incheon]], [[Gyeonggi Province]], [[Republic of Korea]]
| occupation = Professor in English Literature<br>Translator<br>Literary critic
| occupation = Professor of English literature<br />Translator<br />Literary critic
| language = Korean, English
| language = Korean, English
| nationality = {{flag|Korea}}
| nationality = {{flag|Korea}}
| citizenship = [[Republic of Korea]]
| citizenship = [[Republic of Korea]]
| education = [[Hankuk University of Foreign Studies]] (B.A. in [[English Literature]])<br>[[University of Mississippi]](M.A. in English)<br>[[Stony Brook University]](Ph.D. in English)
| education = [[Hankuk University of Foreign Studies]] (B.A. in [[English Literature]])<br />[[University of Mississippi]](M.A. in English)<br />[[Stony Brook University]](Ph.D. in English)
| alma_mater = [[Hankuk University of Foreign Studies]]
| alma_mater = [[Hankuk University of Foreign Studies]]
| years_active = 1988-
| years_active = 1988-
}}
}}
'''Wook-Dong Kim''' (Korean pronunciation: [kim.uk̚. t͈oŋ]; Korean: 김욱동; [[Hanja]]: 金旭東, born March 13th, 1948) is a South Korean literary scholar, critic, and translator. He is best known to the Korean public as the translator of ''[[The Old Man and the Sea]]'' by [[Ernest Hemingway]] and ''[[To Kill a Mockingbird]]'' by [[Harper Lee]].<ref>Kang, Sung-man, “‘During Colonial Occupation, Translating and Introducing World Literature Was a Tool of Resistance’ [‘식민시기 세계문학 번역·소개는 일제 저항 수단이었죠’],” ''The Hankyoreh'', January 3, 2023, https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/1074289.html.</ref> As a literary critic, Wook-Dong Kim has published works on literary criticism and Western critical theories,<ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, ''Critical Theory in the Period of Transition'' [전환기의 비평논리] (Seoul: Hyeonamsa, 1998).</ref> including [[Postmodernism]],<ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, ''Postmodernist Theory: Literature, Art and Culture'' [포스트모더니즘의 이론: 문학, 예술, 문화] (Seoul: Minumsa, 1995).</ref> [[post-structuralism]], and [[ecologism]].<ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, “Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird: An Ecocritical Reading,” ''ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews'', 34, no. 4 (2021): 343-345, DOI: 10.1080/0895769X.2020.1727306.</ref> He has also written books on translations and translation theory.<ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, ''Translations in Korea: Theory and Practice'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).</ref><ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, ''The Culture of Mistranslation'' [오역의 문화] (Seoul: Somyung Books, 2014).</ref><ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, Translation or Treason? [번역인가 반역인가] (Gyeonggi-do: Moonhak Soochup, 2007).</ref>
'''Wook-Dong Kim''' (Korean pronunciation: [kim.uk̚. t͈oŋ]; Korean: 김욱동; [[Hanja]]: 金旭東, born March 13th, 1948) is a South Korean literary scholar, critic, and translator. He is best known to the Korean public as the translator of ''[[The Old Man and the Sea]]'' by [[Ernest Hemingway]] and ''[[To Kill a Mockingbird]]'' by [[Harper Lee]].<ref>Kang, Sung-man, "'During Colonial Occupation, Translating and Introducing World Literature Was a Tool of Resistance' ['식민시기 세계문학 번역·소개는 일제 저항 수단이었죠']," ''The Hankyoreh'', January 3, 2023, https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/1074289.html.</ref> As a literary critic, Wook-Dong Kim has published works on literary criticism and Western critical theories,<ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, ''Critical Theory in the Period of Transition'' [전환기의 비평논리] (Seoul: Hyeonamsa, 1998).</ref> including [[Postmodernism]],<ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, ''Postmodernist Theory: Literature, Art and Culture'' [포스트모더니즘의 이론: 문학, 예술, 문화] (Seoul: Minumsa, 1995).</ref> [[post-structuralism]], and [[ecologism]].<ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, "Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird: An Ecocritical Reading," ''ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews'', 34, no. 4 (2021): 343-345, DOI: 10.1080/0895769X.2020.1727306.</ref> He has also written books on translations and translation theory.<ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, ''Translations in Korea: Theory and Practice'' (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).</ref><ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, ''The Culture of Mistranslation'' [오역의 문화] (Seoul: Somyung Books, 2014).</ref><ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, Translation or Treason? [번역인가 반역인가] (Gyeonggi-do: Moonhak Soochup, 2007).</ref>


==Life==
==Life==
Wook-Dong Kim was born in Incheon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea on March 13th, 1948. He graduated with a BA in English from [[Hankuk University of Foreign Studies]], in South Korea.<ref>Kwon, Yeong-min, “Wook-Dong Kim [김욱동],”''The Encyclopedia of Modern Korean Literature'' [한국현대문학대사전] (Seoul: Seoul National University Publishing, 2004).</ref> During university, he translated [[Max Shulman]]’s ''Love Is a Fantasy'' and published it in an annual school magazine. It was his first translation to be printed on paper. <ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, ''The Path of a Translator'' [번역가의 길] (Yeon-Am Seoga, 2023), 5.</ref> He also graduated from the Graduate School of English Literature at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.<ref>Kwon, Yeong-min, “Wook-Dong Kim [김욱동]” ''The Encyclopedia of Modern Korean Literature'' [한국현대문학대사전] (Seoul: Seoul National University Publishing, 2004), 181-182.</ref> Right after graduating from graduate school, he translated [[Benjamin Franklin]]’s ''The Whistle'' and it was published in the monthly magazine ''Samtoh'', a culture magazine founded in 1970 and published in Jong-ro, Seoul, Korea.<ref> Kim, Wook-Dong, ''The Path of a Translator'' [번역가의 길]. (Yeon-Am Seoga, 2023), 6.</ref> He received his MA in English from the [[University of Mississippi]] with the thesis ''Joe Christmas as an Existentialist'' in 1978. He earned his Ph.D. in English from the [[State University of New York at Stony Brook]] with his dissertation ''The Edge of Nothing: An Existentialist Reading of William Faulkner'' in 1981.<ref>“Sogang University Department of English Literature & Linguistics – Emeritus [영문학부 - 명예교수],” Sogang University, https://english.sogang.ac.kr/english/english02_2_1.html.</ref> He was appointed as a professor at [[Sogang University]] in 1982. He published his first book, ''Dialogic Imagination: Bakthin’s Literature Theory'' (대화적 상상력: 바흐친의 문학이론, 1988) in 1988, during which he was a visiting professor at [[Harvard University]].<ref>“Kim Wook Dong - Harvard-Yenching Institute,” Harvard University, https://www.harvard-yenching.org/person/kim-wook-dong/.</ref><ref>Jang, Seon-hwa, “'Sitting in Front of the Computer Makes Me Come Alive...Being Called a 'Slash-and-Burn' Scholar Is a Compliment' ['컴퓨터 앞에 앉으면 아직도 신이나, 화전민 학자는 되레 칭찬'],” ''SeDaily'', December 24, 2013, https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HT1ERR0XB.</ref> He also served as a visiting professor at [[Duke University]] and the [[University of North Carolina]].<ref>“Wook-Dong Kim,” Fullbright Scholar Program, https://fulbrightscholars.org/grantee/wook-dong-kim.</ref><ref>“Wook-Dong Kim: Yes24 Author Files [김욱동 - 예스24 작가파일],” Yes24, http://www.yes24.com/24/AuthorFile/Author/121157.</ref>
Wook-Dong Kim was born in Incheon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea on March 13th, 1948. He graduated with a BA in English from [[Hankuk University of Foreign Studies]], in South Korea.<ref>Kwon, Yeong-min, "Wook-Dong Kim [김욱동],"''The Encyclopedia of Modern Korean Literature'' [한국현대문학대사전] (Seoul: Seoul National University Publishing, 2004).</ref> During university, he translated [[Max Shulman]]'s ''Love Is a Fantasy'' and published it in an annual school magazine. It was his first translation to be printed on paper. <ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, ''The Path of a Translator'' [번역가의 길] (Yeon-Am Seoga, 2023), 5.</ref> He also graduated from the Graduate School of English Literature at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.<ref>Kwon, Yeong-min, "Wook-Dong Kim [김욱동]" ''The Encyclopedia of Modern Korean Literature'' [한국현대문학대사전] (Seoul: Seoul National University Publishing, 2004), 181-182.</ref> Right after graduating from graduate school, he translated [[Benjamin Franklin]]'s ''The Whistle'' and it was published in the monthly magazine ''Samtoh'', a culture magazine founded in 1970 and published in Jong-ro, Seoul, Korea.<ref> Kim, Wook-Dong, ''The Path of a Translator'' [번역가의 길]. (Yeon-Am Seoga, 2023), 6.</ref> He received his MA in English from the [[University of Mississippi]] with the thesis ''Joe Christmas as an Existentialist'' in 1978. He earned his Ph.D. in English from the [[State University of New York at Stony Brook]] with his dissertation ''The Edge of Nothing: An Existentialist Reading of William Faulkner'' in 1981.<ref>"Sogang University Department of English Literature & Linguistics – Emeritus [영문학부 - 명예교수]," Sogang University, https://english.sogang.ac.kr/english/english02_2_1.html.</ref> He was appointed as a professor at [[Sogang University]] in 1982. He published his first book, ''Dialogic Imagination: Bakthin's Literature Theory'' (대화적 상상력: 바흐친의 문학이론, 1988) in 1988, during which he was a visiting professor at [[Harvard University]].<ref>"Kim Wook Dong - Harvard-Yenching Institute," Harvard University, https://www.harvard-yenching.org/person/kim-wook-dong/.</ref><ref>Jang, Seon-hwa, "'Sitting in Front of the Computer Makes Me Come Alive...Being Called a 'Slash-and-Burn' Scholar Is a Compliment' ['컴퓨터 앞에 앉으면 아직도 신이나, 화전민 학자는 되레 칭찬']," ''SeDaily'', December 24, 2013, https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HT1ERR0XB.</ref> He also served as a visiting professor at [[Duke University]] and the [[University of North Carolina]].<ref>"Wook-Dong Kim," Fulbright Scholar Program, https://fulbrightscholars.org/grantee/wook-dong-kim.</ref><ref>"Wook-Dong Kim: Yes24 Author Files [김욱동 - 예스24 작가파일]," Yes24, http://www.yes24.com/24/AuthorFile/Author/121157.</ref>
<br>In 2005, He applied for voluntary retirement from his professorship at Sogang University and became a professor in the School of English for Interpretation and Translation at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.<ref>“Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Professor Wook-Dong Kim: 'The Key to Absorbing World Culture Is Accurate Translation' [김욱동 한국외대 교수 '세계 문화 흡수 열쇠는 올바른 번역'],” ''SeDaily'', December 4, 2011, https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HNZJTHJN1.</ref><ref>“School of English for Interpretation and Translation,” School of English for Interpretation and Translation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, https://english.hufs.ac.kr/english/index.do.</ref> He retired in 2013 and is currently a professor emeritus of English Literature at Sogang University.<ref>Kang, Sung-man, “‘During Colonial Occupation, Translating and Introducing World Literature Was a Tool of Resistance’ [‘식민시기 세계문학 번역·소개는 일제 저항 수단이었죠’],” ''The Hankyoreh'', January 3, 2023, https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/1074289.html.</ref> In 2013, he gave lectures on Hemingway at public libraries and continuing education centers as part of a lecture program launched by the Seoul Metropolitan Ministry of Education, targeted toward a general audience.<ref>Choi, Byeong-rye, “Seoul Metropolitan Ministry of Education Opens Classics Lecture [서울시교육청 공공도서관 찾아가는 고전인문학 강좌 ‘고인돌’ 개최],” ''Seoul Education News: Seoul Metropolitan Ministry of Education'' [서울교육소식: 서울특별시 교육청], November 10, 2013, https://enews.sen.go.kr/news/view.do?bbsSn=94504&amp;step1=3&amp;step2=1.</ref> He was a visiting professor in the School of Liberal Arts at the [[Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology]] from 2015 to 2020.<ref>“ScholarWorks: Researcher Page,” Scholarworks@UNIST, https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/researcher-profile?ep=2991.</ref>
<br />In 2005, He applied for voluntary retirement from his professorship at Sogang University and became a professor in the School of English for Interpretation and Translation at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.<ref>"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Professor Wook-Dong Kim: 'The Key to Absorbing World Culture Is Accurate Translation' [김욱동 한국외대 교수 '세계 문화 흡수 열쇠는 올바른 번역']," ''SeDaily'', December 4, 2011, https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HNZJTHJN1.</ref><ref>"School of English for Interpretation and Translation," School of English for Interpretation and Translation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, https://english.hufs.ac.kr/english/index.do.</ref> He retired in 2013 and is currently a professor emeritus of English Literature at Sogang University.<ref>Kang, Sung-man, "'During Colonial Occupation, Translating and Introducing World Literature Was a Tool of Resistance' ['식민시기 세계문학 번역·소개는 일제 저항 수단이었죠']," ''The Hankyoreh'', January 3, 2023, https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/1074289.html.</ref> In 2013, he gave lectures on Hemingway at public libraries and continuing education centers as part of a lecture program launched by the Seoul Metropolitan Ministry of Education, targeted toward a general audience.<ref>Choi, Byeong-rye, "Seoul Metropolitan Ministry of Education Opens Classics Lecture [서울시교육청 공공도서관 찾아가는 고전인문학 강좌 '고인돌' 개최]," ''Seoul Education News: Seoul Metropolitan Ministry of Education'' [서울교육소식: 서울특별시 교육청], November 10, 2013, https://enews.sen.go.kr/news/view.do?bbsSn=94504&amp;step1=3&amp;step2=1.</ref> He was a visiting professor in the School of Liberal Arts at the [[Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology]] from 2015 to 2020.<ref>"ScholarWorks: Researcher Page," Scholarworks@UNIST, https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/researcher-profile?ep=2991.</ref>


==Works==
==Works==
Wook-Dong Kim is a prolific author whose field of study includes various topics such as American Literature, literary criticism, Korean modern literature, and translation studies.
Wook-Dong Kim is a prolific author whose field of study includes various topics such as American Literature, literary criticism, Korean modern literature, and translation studies.
Regarding criticism that he does not focus on one specific area, Wook-Dong Kim stated: <ref>Jang, Seon-hwa, “'Sitting in Front of the Computer Makes Me Come Alive...Being Called a 'Slash-and-Burn' Scholar Is a Compliment' ['컴퓨터 앞에 앉으면 아직도 신이나, 화전민 학자는 되레 칭찬'],” ''SeDaily'', December 24, 2013, https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HT1ERR0XB.</ref>
Regarding criticism that he does not focus on one specific area, Wook-Dong Kim stated: <ref>Jang, Seon-hwa, "'Sitting in Front of the Computer Makes Me Come Alive...Being Called a 'Slash-and-Burn' Scholar Is a Compliment' ['컴퓨터 앞에 앉으면 아직도 신이나, 화전민 학자는 되레 칭찬']," ''SeDaily'', December 24, 2013, https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HT1ERR0XB.</ref>


{{blockquote|Some called me a ‘slash-and-burn scholar’ because I set fire all over the place instead of scrutinizing one field of study. I take it as a compliment, not as a cynical remark. In terms of research methodology, to be a ‘settler’ or a ‘slash-and-burn farmer’ is merely a matter of choice.}}
{{blockquote|Some called me a 'slash-and-burn scholar' because I set fire all over the place instead of scrutinizing one field of study. I take it as a compliment, not as a cynical remark. In terms of research methodology, to be a 'settler' or a 'slash-and-burn farmer' is merely a matter of choice.}}


Wook-Dong Kim is known for introducing Western critical theory to Korean readers and applying it to analyze Korean literature and cultural phenomena.<ref>“Wook-Dong Kim: Yes24 Author Files [김욱동 - 예스24 작가파일],” http://www.yes24.com/24/AuthorFile/Author/121157.</ref> In his book, ''7 Ways of Reading The Square'' (광장을 읽는 7가지 방법, 1996), Wook-Dong Kim analyzes ''The Square'' (광장, 1960), a classic piece of Korean literature written by [[Choi In-hun]], through the lens of historical criticism, formalism, psychologism, sociological criticism, myth criticism, structuralism, and postmodernism.
Wook-Dong Kim is known for introducing Western critical theory to Korean readers and applying it to analyze Korean literature and cultural phenomena.<ref>"Wook-Dong Kim: Yes24 Author Files [김욱동 - 예스24 작가파일]," http://www.yes24.com/24/AuthorFile/Author/121157.</ref> In his book, ''7 Ways of Reading The Square'' (광장을 읽는 7가지 방법, 1996), Wook-Dong Kim analyzes ''The Square'' (광장, 1960), a classic piece of Korean literature written by [[Choi In-hun]], through the lens of historical criticism, formalism, psychologism, sociological criticism, myth criticism, structuralism, and postmodernism.


==Selected Publications==
==Selected publications==
===Research in American Literature===
===Research in American literature===
''Understanding American Literature'' (미국 소설의 이해, 2001) ISBN 9788971396063<br>
*''Understanding American Literature'' (미국 소설의 이해, 2001) {{ISBN |9788971396063}}
''Empire of Fiction'' (소설의 제국, 2008) ISBN 9788971390719<br>
*''Empire of Fiction'' (소설의 제국, 2008) {{ISBN |9788971390719}}
''For Hemingway'' (헤밍웨이를 위하여, 2012) ISBN 9788994228433<br>
*''For Hemingway'' (헤밍웨이를 위하여, 2012) {{ISBN |9788994228433}}
''For Faulkner'' (포크너를 위하여, 2013) ISBN 9788994228600
*''For Faulkner'' (포크너를 위하여, 2013) {{ISBN |9788994228600}}


===Literary Criticism===
===Literary criticism===
''Modernism and Postmodernism'' (모더니즘과 포스트모더니즘, 2004) ISBN 9788932312101<br>
*''Modernism and Postmodernism'' (모더니즘과 포스트모더니즘, 2004) {{ISBN |9788932312101}}
''Postmodernism'' (포스트모더니즘, 2004) ISBN 9788937454349<br>
*''Postmodernism'' (포스트모더니즘, 2004) {{ISBN |9788937454349}}
''From Red to Green'' (적색에서 녹색으로, 2011) ISBN 9788991601031<br>
*''From Red to Green'' (적색에서 녹색으로, 2011) {{ISBN |9788991601031}}
''The Dialectic of Literary Criticism'' (비평의 변증법, 2022) ISBN 9791191131420<br>
*''The Dialectic of Literary Criticism'' (비평의 변증법, 2022) {{ISBN |9791191131420}}
''Kazantzakis’s Zorba the Greek: Five Readings'' (2019) ISBN 9781527522534
*''Kazantzakis's Zorba the Greek: Five Readings'' (2019) {{ISBN |9781527522534}}


===Modern Korean Novel===
===Modern Korean hovel===
''7 Ways of Reading The Square'' (광장을 읽는 7가지 방법, 1996) ISBN 9788932008165<br>
*''7 Ways of Reading The Square'' (광장을 읽는 7가지 방법, 1996) {{ISBN |9788932008165}}
''Seo Jae-pil the Novelist'' (소설가 서재필, 2010) ISBN 9788972731634<br>
*''Seo Jae-pil the Novelist'' (소설가 서재필, 2010) {{ISBN |9788972731634}}
''Global Perspectives on Korean Literature'' (2019) ISBN 9789811387272<br>
*''Global Perspectives on Korean Literature'' (2019) {{ISBN |9789811387272}}
''Korean Literature in the Age of Destitution'' (궁핍한 시대의 한국문학, 2022) ISBN 9791160871043
*''Korean Literature in the Age of Destitution'' (궁핍한 시대의 한국문학, 2022) {{ISBN |9791160871043}}


===Translation Studies===
===Translation studies===
''Translation and Korean Modernity'' (번역과 한국의 근대, 2010) ISBN 9788956264721<br>
*''Translation and Korean Modernity'' (번역과 한국의 근대, 2010) {{ISBN |9788956264721}}
''The Maze of Translation: Twelve Questions about Translation'' (번역의 미로, 2011) ISBN 9788993905687<br>
*''The Maze of Translation: Twelve Questions about Translation'' (번역의 미로, 2011) {{ISBN |9788993905687}}
''The Culture of Mistranslation'' (오역의 문화, 2014) ISBN 9788993905687<br>
*''The Culture of Mistranslation'' (오역의 문화, 2014) {{ISBN |9788993905687}}
''Translations in Korea: Theory and Practice'' (2019) ISBN 9789811365126<br>
*''Translations in Korea: Theory and Practice'' (2019) {{ISBN |9789811365126}}
''The Path of a Translator'' (번역가의 길, 2023) ISBN 9791160871050
*''The Path of a Translator'' (번역가의 길, 2023) {{ISBN |9791160871050}}


==Translated Works==
==Translated works==
Wook-Dong Kim translated the largest number of books from ''The Complete Series of World Literature'' (세계문학전집) by Minumsa publishing company, one of Korea’s major publishers. He translated 15 out of 415 books in the series.<ref> Kang, Sung-man, “‘During Colonial Occupation, Translating and Introducing World Literature Was a Tool of Resistance’ [‘식민시기 세계문학 번역·소개는 일제 저항 수단이었죠’],” ''The Hankyoreh'', January 3, 2023. https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/1074289.html.</ref> The works that he translated into Korean include:
Wook-Dong Kim translated the largest number of books from ''The Complete Series of World Literature'' (세계문학전집) by Minumsa publishing company, one of Korea's major publishers. He translated 15 out of 415 books in the series.<ref> Kang, Sung-man, "'During Colonial Occupation, Translating and Introducing World Literature Was a Tool of Resistance' ['식민시기 세계문학 번역·소개는 일제 저항 수단이었죠']," ''The Hankyoreh'', January 3, 2023. https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/1074289.html.</ref> The works that he translated into Korean include:


*''[[The Old Man and the Sea]]'' by [[Ernest Hemingway]]
*''[[The Old Man and the Sea]]'' by [[Ernest Hemingway]]
Line 73: Line 73:


==Achievements==
==Achievements==
Wook-Dong Kim was awarded the Grand Prize in Academic Research by the Korean Publishing Research Institute for his books ''Translation of the Modernity of Korea'' (번역과 한국의 근대, 2010) and ''The Maze of Translation: Twelve Questions about Translation'' (번역의 미로, 2011) in 2011.<ref>“Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Professor Wook-Dong Kim: 'The Key to Absorbing World Culture Is Accurate Translation' [김욱동 한국외대 교수 '세계 문화 흡수 열쇠는 올바른 번역'],” ''SeDaily'', December 4, 2011, https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HNZJTHJN1.</ref>
Wook-Dong Kim was awarded the Grand Prize in Academic Research by the Korean Publishing Research Institute for his books ''Translation of the Modernity of Korea'' (번역과 한국의 근대, 2010) and ''The Maze of Translation: Twelve Questions about Translation'' (번역의 미로, 2011) in 2011.<ref>"Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Professor Wook-Dong Kim: 'The Key to Absorbing World Culture Is Accurate Translation' [김욱동 한국외대 교수 '세계 문화 흡수 열쇠는 올바른 번역']," ''SeDaily'', December 4, 2011, https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HNZJTHJN1.</ref>


==''The Vegetarian'' Translation==
==''The Vegetarian'' Translation==
Wook-Dong Kim criticized Deborah Smith’s translation of ''[[The Vegetarian]]'' (채식주의자, 2007) in his article titled "The 'Creative' English Translation of ''The Vegetarian'' by Han Kang", which was published in ''Translation Review'' on May 30th, 2018.<ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, “The ‘Creative’ English Translation of ''The Vegetarian'' by Han Kang” ''Translation Review'' 100, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/07374836.2018.1437098.</ref> British translator [[Deborah Smith]] translated ''The Vegetarian'' authored by Korean novelist [[Han Kang]] into English and it was published in 2015. The English translation became the winner of the [[Man Booker International Prize]] in 2016.<ref>“The Man Booker International Prize 2016,” The Booker Prizes, https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/prize-years/international/2016.</ref> <br>
Wook-Dong Kim criticized Deborah Smith's translation of ''[[The Vegetarian]]'' (채식주의자, 2007) in his article titled "The 'Creative' English Translation of ''The Vegetarian'' by Han Kang", which was published in ''Translation Review'' on May 30th, 2018.<ref>Kim, Wook-Dong, "The 'Creative' English Translation of ''The Vegetarian'' by Han Kang" ''Translation Review'' 100, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/07374836.2018.1437098.</ref> British translator [[Deborah Smith]] translated ''The Vegetarian'' authored by Korean novelist [[Han Kang]] into English and it was published in 2015. The English translation became the winner of the [[Man Booker International Prize]] in 2016.<ref>"The Man Booker International Prize 2016," The Booker Prizes, https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/prize-years/international/2016.</ref> <br />
In his article, Kim points out mistranslations in Smith’s translation of The Vegetarian, including vocabulary misuse, homonymy errors, omitted text, and added text not present in the original. Kim states that he acknowledges translation requires creativity as argued by Smith but Smith’s translation deviates from the original to the point of being unfaithful.
In his article, Kim points out mistranslations in Smith's translation of The Vegetarian, including vocabulary misuse, homonymy errors, omitted text, and added text not present in the original. Kim states that he acknowledges translation requires creativity as argued by Smith but Smith's translation deviates from the original to the point of being unfaithful.
Kim explains the mistranslations with examples in the Korean and English texts and offers his own translations for certain passages to convey the meaning of the original text. Kim's article drew the attention of the international audience to ''The Vegetarian'''s mistranslation, which had previously been little known outside of Korea despite numerous studies. The article currently has over 1000 views and has been cited by different sources,<ref>Cho, Yun-myeong, “A Case against 'Creative' Translation of 'The Vegetarian',” ''The Jakarta Post'', April 3, 2018, https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/04/03/a-case-against-creative-translation-of-the-vegetarian.html.</ref><ref>Cho, Yun-myung, “A Case against 'Creative' Translation of 'The Vegetarian',” ''The Korea Herald'', April 2, 2018, http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20180402000723.</ref>including ''The Economist''.<ref>P, A, “Daniel Hahn on the Art of Translation,” ''The Economist'', May 21, 2019, https://www.economist.com/prospero/2019/05/21/daniel-hahn-on-the-art-of-translation.</ref><br>
Kim explains the mistranslations with examples in the Korean and English texts and offers his own translations for certain passages to convey the meaning of the original text. Kim's article drew the attention of the international audience to ''The Vegetarian''{{'s}} mistranslation, which had previously been little known outside of Korea despite numerous studies. The article currently has over 1000 views and has been cited by different sources,<ref>Cho, Yun-myeong, "A Case against 'Creative' Translation of 'The Vegetarian'," ''The Jakarta Post'', April 3, 2018, https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/04/03/a-case-against-creative-translation-of-the-vegetarian.html.</ref><ref>Cho, Yun-myung, "A Case against 'Creative' Translation of 'The Vegetarian'," ''The Korea Herald'', April 2, 2018, http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20180402000723.</ref>including ''The Economist''.<ref>P, A, "Daniel Hahn on the Art of Translation," ''The Economist'', May 21, 2019, https://www.economist.com/prospero/2019/05/21/daniel-hahn-on-the-art-of-translation.</ref><br />
The article was published a few weeks before the announcement of the 2018 Man Booker International Prize, in which Han Kang’s ''[[The White Book]]'', translated by Deborah Smith, was nominated. Amid concern that his publication might have a negative impact on Han Kang’s winning the award, Wook-Dong Kim stated that the article was written months before Han Kang’s nomination, and he had no intention of affecting the awarding process.<ref>Kwak, Yeon-soo, “Award-Winning Novel 'The Vegetarian' Fraught with Errors,” ''The Korea Times'', April 4, 2018, http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2018/04/135_246668.html.</ref>
The article was published a few weeks before the announcement of the 2018 Man Booker International Prize, in which Han Kang's ''[[The White Book]]'', translated by Deborah Smith, was nominated. Amid concern that his publication might have a negative impact on Han Kang's winning the award, Wook-Dong Kim stated that the article was written months before Han Kang's nomination, and he had no intention of affecting the awarding process.<ref>Kwak, Yeon-soo, "Award-Winning Novel 'The Vegetarian' Fraught with Errors," ''The Korea Times'', April 4, 2018, http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2018/04/135_246668.html.</ref>


==Controversy==
==Controversy==
Wook-Dong Kim’s translation of ''The Great Gatsby'' was denounced by some translators for containing many errors. In 2019, Saeum publishing company published Jeong-seo Lee(pseudonym)’s translation of ''The Great Gatsby'', which included a 75-page section of translation notes that openly criticized the translations of Wook-Dong Kim and Young-ha Kim.<ref>Jeon, Dong-min, “The Great Gatsby You Read Wasn't Gatsby? [당신이 읽은 '위대한 개츠비'는 개츠비가 아니다?],” ''The Report'', June 5, 2019, https://www.thereport.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=5877.</ref> The translation notes point out the two translators’ translation errors in 67 different parts of the novel. Lee stated, "If you say that these translations are readable and written beautifully, you would be lying. You’d be no different from subjects praising the new clothes of Anderson’s naked emperor."<ref> Kim, Gye-yeon, “Now The Great Gatsby'…Translator Jeong-Seo Lee In Another Quarrel About Translation [이번엔 '위대한 개츠비'...이정서씨 또 번역 시비],” ''Yonhap News Agency'', April 5, 2017, https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20170405160900005.</ref> Yong-Seong Kim’s translation of The Great Gatsby also includes translation notes that point out mistranslations or awkward translations made by Wook-Dong Kim and Young-ha Kim.<ref>Jin, Sun-hee, “Translated by Yong-Seong Kim from Jeju, 'The Great Gatsby with Translation Notes' [[이 책] 제주출신 김용성 역 '위대한 개츠비 위드 번역 노트'],” ''Halla Ilbo'', June 5, 2020, http://www.ihalla.com/read.php3?aid=1591282800684476337.</ref> Although Wook-Dong Kim did not respond openly to these criticisms, he acknowledged in an interview that his effort to be faithful to the original text might have made his translations less readable than other translations, especially compared to Young-ha Kim’s more liberal translation.<ref>Lee, Young-gwan, “‘Pursuing Accuracy Stiffens the Translation, and Pursuing Readability Can Make You Fall in the Trap of 'Liberal Translation'" [‘정확성 추구하면 번역은 딱딱해지고, 가독성 추구하면 '의역' 함정에 빠지죠’],” ''Chosun Ilbo'', February 15, 2023, https://www.chosun.com/culture-life/culture_general/2023/02/15/UL4X5HJEBFBQBA42TMTQDNJK3I/.</ref>
Wook-Dong Kim's translation of ''The Great Gatsby'' was denounced by some translators for containing many errors. In 2019, Saeum publishing company published Jeong-seo Lee(pseudonym)'s translation of ''The Great Gatsby'', which included a 75-page section of translation notes that openly criticized the translations of Wook-Dong Kim and Young-ha Kim.<ref>Jeon, Dong-min, "The Great Gatsby You Read Wasn't Gatsby? [당신이 읽은 '위대한 개츠비'는 개츠비가 아니다?]," ''The Report'', June 5, 2019, https://www.thereport.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=5877.</ref> The translation notes point out the two translators' translation errors in 67 different parts of the novel. Lee stated, "If you say that these translations are readable and written beautifully, you would be lying. You'd be no different from subjects praising the new clothes of Anderson's naked emperor."<ref> Kim, Gye-yeon, "Now The Great Gatsby'…Translator Jeong-Seo Lee In Another Quarrel About Translation [이번엔 '위대한 개츠비'...이정서씨 또 번역 시비]," ''Yonhap News Agency'', April 5, 2017, https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20170405160900005.</ref> Yong-Seong Kim's translation of The Great Gatsby also includes translation notes that point out mistranslations or awkward translations made by Wook-Dong Kim and Young-ha Kim.<ref>Jin, Sun-hee, "Translated by Yong-Seong Kim from Jeju, 'The Great Gatsby with Translation Notes' [[이 책] 제주출신 김용성 역 '위대한 개츠비 위드 번역 노트']," ''Halla Ilbo'', June 5, 2020, http://www.ihalla.com/read.php3?aid=1591282800684476337.</ref> Although Wook-Dong Kim did not respond openly to these criticisms, he acknowledged in an interview that his effort to be faithful to the original text might have made his translations less readable than other translations, especially compared to Young-ha Kim's more liberal translation.<ref>Lee, Young-gwan, "'Pursuing Accuracy Stiffens the Translation, and Pursuing Readability Can Make You Fall in the Trap of 'Liberal Translation'" ['정확성 추구하면 번역은 딱딱해지고, 가독성 추구하면 '의역' 함정에 빠지죠']," ''Chosun Ilbo'', February 15, 2023, https://www.chosun.com/culture-life/culture_general/2023/02/15/UL4X5HJEBFBQBA42TMTQDNJK3I/.</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 00:19, 23 July 2023

In this Korean name, the family name is Kim.

Kim Wook-Dong
Native name
김욱동
Born(1948-03-13)March 13, 1948
Incheon, Gyeonggi Province, Republic of Korea
OccupationProfessor of English literature
Translator
Literary critic
LanguageKorean, English
Nationality Korea
CitizenshipRepublic of Korea
EducationHankuk University of Foreign Studies (B.A. in English Literature)
University of Mississippi(M.A. in English)
Stony Brook University(Ph.D. in English)
Alma materHankuk University of Foreign Studies
Years active1988-

Wook-Dong Kim (Korean pronunciation: [kim.uk̚. t͈oŋ]; Korean: 김욱동; Hanja: 金旭東, born March 13th, 1948) is a South Korean literary scholar, critic, and translator. He is best known to the Korean public as the translator of The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway and To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee.[1] As a literary critic, Wook-Dong Kim has published works on literary criticism and Western critical theories,[2] including Postmodernism,[3] post-structuralism, and ecologism.[4] He has also written books on translations and translation theory.[5][6][7]

Life

Wook-Dong Kim was born in Incheon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea on March 13th, 1948. He graduated with a BA in English from Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, in South Korea.[8] During university, he translated Max Shulman's Love Is a Fantasy and published it in an annual school magazine. It was his first translation to be printed on paper. [9] He also graduated from the Graduate School of English Literature at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.[10] Right after graduating from graduate school, he translated Benjamin Franklin's The Whistle and it was published in the monthly magazine Samtoh, a culture magazine founded in 1970 and published in Jong-ro, Seoul, Korea.[11] He received his MA in English from the University of Mississippi with the thesis Joe Christmas as an Existentialist in 1978. He earned his Ph.D. in English from the State University of New York at Stony Brook with his dissertation The Edge of Nothing: An Existentialist Reading of William Faulkner in 1981.[12] He was appointed as a professor at Sogang University in 1982. He published his first book, Dialogic Imagination: Bakthin's Literature Theory (대화적 상상력: 바흐친의 문학이론, 1988) in 1988, during which he was a visiting professor at Harvard University.[13][14] He also served as a visiting professor at Duke University and the University of North Carolina.[15][16]
In 2005, He applied for voluntary retirement from his professorship at Sogang University and became a professor in the School of English for Interpretation and Translation at Hankuk University of Foreign Studies.[17][18] He retired in 2013 and is currently a professor emeritus of English Literature at Sogang University.[19] In 2013, he gave lectures on Hemingway at public libraries and continuing education centers as part of a lecture program launched by the Seoul Metropolitan Ministry of Education, targeted toward a general audience.[20] He was a visiting professor in the School of Liberal Arts at the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology from 2015 to 2020.[21]

Works

Wook-Dong Kim is a prolific author whose field of study includes various topics such as American Literature, literary criticism, Korean modern literature, and translation studies. Regarding criticism that he does not focus on one specific area, Wook-Dong Kim stated: [22]

Some called me a 'slash-and-burn scholar' because I set fire all over the place instead of scrutinizing one field of study. I take it as a compliment, not as a cynical remark. In terms of research methodology, to be a 'settler' or a 'slash-and-burn farmer' is merely a matter of choice.

Wook-Dong Kim is known for introducing Western critical theory to Korean readers and applying it to analyze Korean literature and cultural phenomena.[23] In his book, 7 Ways of Reading The Square (광장을 읽는 7가지 방법, 1996), Wook-Dong Kim analyzes The Square (광장, 1960), a classic piece of Korean literature written by Choi In-hun, through the lens of historical criticism, formalism, psychologism, sociological criticism, myth criticism, structuralism, and postmodernism.

Selected publications

Research in American literature

  • Understanding American Literature (미국 소설의 이해, 2001) ISBN 9788971396063
  • Empire of Fiction (소설의 제국, 2008) ISBN 9788971390719
  • For Hemingway (헤밍웨이를 위하여, 2012) ISBN 9788994228433
  • For Faulkner (포크너를 위하여, 2013) ISBN 9788994228600

Literary criticism

Modern Korean hovel

Translation studies

Translated works

Wook-Dong Kim translated the largest number of books from The Complete Series of World Literature (세계문학전집) by Minumsa publishing company, one of Korea's major publishers. He translated 15 out of 415 books in the series.[24] The works that he translated into Korean include:

Achievements

Wook-Dong Kim was awarded the Grand Prize in Academic Research by the Korean Publishing Research Institute for his books Translation of the Modernity of Korea (번역과 한국의 근대, 2010) and The Maze of Translation: Twelve Questions about Translation (번역의 미로, 2011) in 2011.[25]

The Vegetarian Translation

Wook-Dong Kim criticized Deborah Smith's translation of The Vegetarian (채식주의자, 2007) in his article titled "The 'Creative' English Translation of The Vegetarian by Han Kang", which was published in Translation Review on May 30th, 2018.[26] British translator Deborah Smith translated The Vegetarian authored by Korean novelist Han Kang into English and it was published in 2015. The English translation became the winner of the Man Booker International Prize in 2016.[27]
In his article, Kim points out mistranslations in Smith's translation of The Vegetarian, including vocabulary misuse, homonymy errors, omitted text, and added text not present in the original. Kim states that he acknowledges translation requires creativity as argued by Smith but Smith's translation deviates from the original to the point of being unfaithful. Kim explains the mistranslations with examples in the Korean and English texts and offers his own translations for certain passages to convey the meaning of the original text. Kim's article drew the attention of the international audience to The Vegetarian's mistranslation, which had previously been little known outside of Korea despite numerous studies. The article currently has over 1000 views and has been cited by different sources,[28][29]including The Economist.[30]
The article was published a few weeks before the announcement of the 2018 Man Booker International Prize, in which Han Kang's The White Book, translated by Deborah Smith, was nominated. Amid concern that his publication might have a negative impact on Han Kang's winning the award, Wook-Dong Kim stated that the article was written months before Han Kang's nomination, and he had no intention of affecting the awarding process.[31]

Controversy

Wook-Dong Kim's translation of The Great Gatsby was denounced by some translators for containing many errors. In 2019, Saeum publishing company published Jeong-seo Lee(pseudonym)'s translation of The Great Gatsby, which included a 75-page section of translation notes that openly criticized the translations of Wook-Dong Kim and Young-ha Kim.[32] The translation notes point out the two translators' translation errors in 67 different parts of the novel. Lee stated, "If you say that these translations are readable and written beautifully, you would be lying. You'd be no different from subjects praising the new clothes of Anderson's naked emperor."[33] Yong-Seong Kim's translation of The Great Gatsby also includes translation notes that point out mistranslations or awkward translations made by Wook-Dong Kim and Young-ha Kim.[34] Although Wook-Dong Kim did not respond openly to these criticisms, he acknowledged in an interview that his effort to be faithful to the original text might have made his translations less readable than other translations, especially compared to Young-ha Kim's more liberal translation.[35]

References

  1. ^ Kang, Sung-man, "'During Colonial Occupation, Translating and Introducing World Literature Was a Tool of Resistance' ['식민시기 세계문학 번역·소개는 일제 저항 수단이었죠']," The Hankyoreh, January 3, 2023, https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/1074289.html.
  2. ^ Kim, Wook-Dong, Critical Theory in the Period of Transition [전환기의 비평논리] (Seoul: Hyeonamsa, 1998).
  3. ^ Kim, Wook-Dong, Postmodernist Theory: Literature, Art and Culture [포스트모더니즘의 이론: 문학, 예술, 문화] (Seoul: Minumsa, 1995).
  4. ^ Kim, Wook-Dong, "Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird: An Ecocritical Reading," ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes and Reviews, 34, no. 4 (2021): 343-345, DOI: 10.1080/0895769X.2020.1727306.
  5. ^ Kim, Wook-Dong, Translations in Korea: Theory and Practice (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019).
  6. ^ Kim, Wook-Dong, The Culture of Mistranslation [오역의 문화] (Seoul: Somyung Books, 2014).
  7. ^ Kim, Wook-Dong, Translation or Treason? [번역인가 반역인가] (Gyeonggi-do: Moonhak Soochup, 2007).
  8. ^ Kwon, Yeong-min, "Wook-Dong Kim [김욱동],"The Encyclopedia of Modern Korean Literature [한국현대문학대사전] (Seoul: Seoul National University Publishing, 2004).
  9. ^ Kim, Wook-Dong, The Path of a Translator [번역가의 길] (Yeon-Am Seoga, 2023), 5.
  10. ^ Kwon, Yeong-min, "Wook-Dong Kim [김욱동]" The Encyclopedia of Modern Korean Literature [한국현대문학대사전] (Seoul: Seoul National University Publishing, 2004), 181-182.
  11. ^ Kim, Wook-Dong, The Path of a Translator [번역가의 길]. (Yeon-Am Seoga, 2023), 6.
  12. ^ "Sogang University Department of English Literature & Linguistics – Emeritus [영문학부 - 명예교수]," Sogang University, https://english.sogang.ac.kr/english/english02_2_1.html.
  13. ^ "Kim Wook Dong - Harvard-Yenching Institute," Harvard University, https://www.harvard-yenching.org/person/kim-wook-dong/.
  14. ^ Jang, Seon-hwa, "'Sitting in Front of the Computer Makes Me Come Alive...Being Called a 'Slash-and-Burn' Scholar Is a Compliment' ['컴퓨터 앞에 앉으면 아직도 신이나, 화전민 학자는 되레 칭찬']," SeDaily, December 24, 2013, https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HT1ERR0XB.
  15. ^ "Wook-Dong Kim," Fulbright Scholar Program, https://fulbrightscholars.org/grantee/wook-dong-kim.
  16. ^ "Wook-Dong Kim: Yes24 Author Files [김욱동 - 예스24 작가파일]," Yes24, http://www.yes24.com/24/AuthorFile/Author/121157.
  17. ^ "Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Professor Wook-Dong Kim: 'The Key to Absorbing World Culture Is Accurate Translation' [김욱동 한국외대 교수 '세계 문화 흡수 열쇠는 올바른 번역']," SeDaily, December 4, 2011, https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HNZJTHJN1.
  18. ^ "School of English for Interpretation and Translation," School of English for Interpretation and Translation, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, https://english.hufs.ac.kr/english/index.do.
  19. ^ Kang, Sung-man, "'During Colonial Occupation, Translating and Introducing World Literature Was a Tool of Resistance' ['식민시기 세계문학 번역·소개는 일제 저항 수단이었죠']," The Hankyoreh, January 3, 2023, https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/1074289.html.
  20. ^ Choi, Byeong-rye, "Seoul Metropolitan Ministry of Education Opens Classics Lecture [서울시교육청 공공도서관 찾아가는 고전인문학 강좌 '고인돌' 개최]," Seoul Education News: Seoul Metropolitan Ministry of Education [서울교육소식: 서울특별시 교육청], November 10, 2013, https://enews.sen.go.kr/news/view.do?bbsSn=94504&step1=3&step2=1.
  21. ^ "ScholarWorks: Researcher Page," Scholarworks@UNIST, https://scholarworks.unist.ac.kr/researcher-profile?ep=2991.
  22. ^ Jang, Seon-hwa, "'Sitting in Front of the Computer Makes Me Come Alive...Being Called a 'Slash-and-Burn' Scholar Is a Compliment' ['컴퓨터 앞에 앉으면 아직도 신이나, 화전민 학자는 되레 칭찬']," SeDaily, December 24, 2013, https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HT1ERR0XB.
  23. ^ "Wook-Dong Kim: Yes24 Author Files [김욱동 - 예스24 작가파일]," http://www.yes24.com/24/AuthorFile/Author/121157.
  24. ^ Kang, Sung-man, "'During Colonial Occupation, Translating and Introducing World Literature Was a Tool of Resistance' ['식민시기 세계문학 번역·소개는 일제 저항 수단이었죠']," The Hankyoreh, January 3, 2023. https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/culture/book/1074289.html.
  25. ^ "Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Professor Wook-Dong Kim: 'The Key to Absorbing World Culture Is Accurate Translation' [김욱동 한국외대 교수 '세계 문화 흡수 열쇠는 올바른 번역']," SeDaily, December 4, 2011, https://www.sedaily.com/NewsView/1HNZJTHJN1.
  26. ^ Kim, Wook-Dong, "The 'Creative' English Translation of The Vegetarian by Han Kang" Translation Review 100, no. 1 (March 30, 2018): 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/07374836.2018.1437098.
  27. ^ "The Man Booker International Prize 2016," The Booker Prizes, https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/prize-years/international/2016.
  28. ^ Cho, Yun-myeong, "A Case against 'Creative' Translation of 'The Vegetarian'," The Jakarta Post, April 3, 2018, https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2018/04/03/a-case-against-creative-translation-of-the-vegetarian.html.
  29. ^ Cho, Yun-myung, "A Case against 'Creative' Translation of 'The Vegetarian'," The Korea Herald, April 2, 2018, http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20180402000723.
  30. ^ P, A, "Daniel Hahn on the Art of Translation," The Economist, May 21, 2019, https://www.economist.com/prospero/2019/05/21/daniel-hahn-on-the-art-of-translation.
  31. ^ Kwak, Yeon-soo, "Award-Winning Novel 'The Vegetarian' Fraught with Errors," The Korea Times, April 4, 2018, http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/culture/2018/04/135_246668.html.
  32. ^ Jeon, Dong-min, "The Great Gatsby You Read Wasn't Gatsby? [당신이 읽은 '위대한 개츠비'는 개츠비가 아니다?]," The Report, June 5, 2019, https://www.thereport.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=5877.
  33. ^ Kim, Gye-yeon, "Now The Great Gatsby'…Translator Jeong-Seo Lee In Another Quarrel About Translation [이번엔 '위대한 개츠비'...이정서씨 또 번역 시비]," Yonhap News Agency, April 5, 2017, https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20170405160900005.
  34. ^ Jin, Sun-hee, "Translated by Yong-Seong Kim from Jeju, 'The Great Gatsby with Translation Notes' [[이 책] 제주출신 김용성 역 '위대한 개츠비 위드 번역 노트']," Halla Ilbo, June 5, 2020, http://www.ihalla.com/read.php3?aid=1591282800684476337.
  35. ^ Lee, Young-gwan, "'Pursuing Accuracy Stiffens the Translation, and Pursuing Readability Can Make You Fall in the Trap of 'Liberal Translation'" ['정확성 추구하면 번역은 딱딱해지고, 가독성 추구하면 '의역' 함정에 빠지죠']," Chosun Ilbo, February 15, 2023, https://www.chosun.com/culture-life/culture_general/2023/02/15/UL4X5HJEBFBQBA42TMTQDNJK3I/.
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