Sex cords: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Structures that develop from the genital ridges that further differentiate based on an embryo's sex}} |
{{Short description|Structures that develop from the genital ridges that further differentiate based on an embryo's sex}} |
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{{Distinguish|Sex card}}'''Sex cords''' are embryonic structures which eventually will give rise (differentiate) to the adult [[Gonad|gonads]] (reproductive organs).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kanai |first=Yoshiakira |last2=Kurohmaru |first2=Masamichi |last3=Hayashi |first3=Yoshihiro |last4=Nishida |first4=Takao |date=1989 |title=Formation of male and female sex cords in gonadal development of C57BL/6 mouse. |url=http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jvms1939/51/1/51_1_7/_article |journal=The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science |language=en |volume=51 |issue=1 |pages=7–16 |doi=10.1292/jvms1939.51.7 |issn=0021-5295}}</ref> They are formed from the [[Genital ridge|genital ridges]] - which will develop into the gonads - in the first 2 months of [[gestation]] (embryonic development) which depending on the sex of the [[embryo]] will give rise to male or female sex cords.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Reyes |first=Alejandra P. |last2=León |first2=Nayla Y. |last3=Frost |first3=Emily R. |last4=Harley |first4=Vincent R. |date=2023 |title=Genetic control of typical and atypical sex development |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41585-023-00754-x |journal=Nature Reviews Urology |language=en |volume=20 |issue=7 |pages=434–451 |doi=10.1038/s41585-023-00754-x |issn=1759-4812}}</ref> If there is a Y chromosome present, testicular cords will develop via the ''Sry gene'' (on the Y chromosome): repressing the female sex cord genes and activating the male.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilhelm |first=Dagmar |last2=Koopman |first2=Peter |date=2006 |title=The makings of maleness: towards an integrated view of male sexual development |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nrg1903 |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |language=en |volume=7 |issue=8 |pages=620–631 |doi=10.1038/nrg1903 |issn=1471-0056}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gubbay |first=John |last2=Collignon |first2=Jérôme |last3=Koopman |first3=Peter |last4=Capel |first4=Blanche |last5=Economou |first5=Androulla |last6=Münsterberg |first6=Andrea |last7=Vivian |first7=Nigel |last8=Goodfellow |first8=Peter |last9=Lovell-Badge |first9=Robin |date=1990 |title=A gene mapping to the sex-determining region of the mouse Y chromosome is a member of a novel family of embryonically expressed genes |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/346245a0 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=346 |issue=6281 |pages=245–250 |doi=10.1038/346245a0 |issn=0028-0836}}</ref>{{Infobox embryology |
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{{Distinguish|Sex card}}{{Infobox embryology |
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| Name = Sex cords |
| Name = Sex cords |
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| Latin = chorda sexualis primordialis gonadalis |
| Latin = chorda sexualis primordialis gonadalis |
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Revision as of 21:18, 4 December 2023
Sex cords are embryonic structures which eventually will give rise (differentiate) to the adult gonads (reproductive organs).[1] They are formed from the genital ridges - which will develop into the gonads - in the first 2 months of gestation (embryonic development) which depending on the sex of the embryo will give rise to male or female sex cords.[2] If there is a Y chromosome present, testicular cords will develop via the Sry gene (on the Y chromosome): repressing the female sex cord genes and activating the male.[3] [4]
| Sex cords | |
|---|---|
| Details | |
| Precursor | genital ridge |
| Gives rise to | testis cords, cortical cords |
| System | Reproductive system |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | chorda sexualis primordialis gonadalis |
| TE | cords_by_E5.7.1.1.0.0.7 E5.7.1.1.0.0.7 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
In embryogenesis, the sex cords (primitive sex cords, primitive seminiferous cords, or gonadal cords) are structures that develop from the genital ridges that further differentiate based on an embryo's sex. After sexual differentiation, at day 49, the sex cords in females become the cortical cords, also called secondary cords. After further development, they become the ovarian follicles. The sex cords in males become the testis cords by the action of the testis-determining factor protein, which helps to develop and nourish the Sertoli cells.
The testis cords are precursors to the rete testis. They play several different roles in the development of the male genitals.[5] The primitive sex cords originate from the proliferation of the epithelium of the two genital ridges. These epithelial cells (from the genital ridges) penetrate and invade the underlying mesenchyme to form the primitive sex cords.[6] This occurs shortly before and during the arrival of the primordial germ cells (PGCs) to the paired genital ridges.[6]
See also
References
- ^ Kanai, Yoshiakira; Kurohmaru, Masamichi; Hayashi, Yoshihiro; Nishida, Takao (1989). "Formation of male and female sex cords in gonadal development of C57BL/6 mouse". The Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science. 51 (1): 7–16. doi:10.1292/jvms1939.51.7. ISSN 0021-5295.
- ^ Reyes, Alejandra P.; León, Nayla Y.; Frost, Emily R.; Harley, Vincent R. (2023). "Genetic control of typical and atypical sex development". Nature Reviews Urology. 20 (7): 434–451. doi:10.1038/s41585-023-00754-x. ISSN 1759-4812.
- ^ Wilhelm, Dagmar; Koopman, Peter (2006). "The makings of maleness: towards an integrated view of male sexual development". Nature Reviews Genetics. 7 (8): 620–631. doi:10.1038/nrg1903. ISSN 1471-0056.
- ^ Gubbay, John; Collignon, Jérôme; Koopman, Peter; Capel, Blanche; Economou, Androulla; Münsterberg, Andrea; Vivian, Nigel; Goodfellow, Peter; Lovell-Badge, Robin (1990). "A gene mapping to the sex-determining region of the mouse Y chromosome is a member of a novel family of embryonically expressed genes". Nature. 346 (6281): 245–250. doi:10.1038/346245a0. ISSN 0028-0836.
- ^ Yao HH, Capel B (2002). "Disruption of testis cords by cyclopamine or forskolin reveals independent cellular pathways in testis organogenesis". Dev. Biol. 246 (2): 356–65. doi:10.1006/dbio.2002.0663. PMC 4073602. PMID 12051821.
- ^ a b Sadler, T.W. (2015). Langman's medical embryology (13th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer. ISBN 9781469897806. OCLC 885475111.
External links
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