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==Fisheries==
==Fisheries==
''Diplodus sargus'' is commercially fished, with 3,713 t taken in 2008.<ref name = fao2370>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2370/en |title=Diplodus sargus |author= |date= |work=Fisheries Global Information System |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |accessdate=4 May 2011}}</ref>
''Diplodus sargus'' is commercially fished, with 3,713 t taken in 2008.<ref name = fao2370>{{cite web |url=http://www.fao.org/fishery/species/2370/en |title=Diplodus sargus |author= |date= |work=Fisheries Global Information System |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |accessdate=4 May 2011}}</ref> There has been a phenomenon since the 1990s of some white seabream becoming rubbery and inedible when cooked, this is not related to how fresh the fish was or whether it had been preserved. researchers refer to this as the Abnormally Tough Specimen (ATS) phenomenon. Its cause is unknown but it seems to occur around polluted areas, with the pollutants including [[copper]], used in [[anti-fouling paint]]s.<ref name = ATS>{{cite journal |author=Casadevall M |author2=Rodríguez-Prieto C |author3=Pueyo J |author4=Martí C |author5=Merciai R |author6=Verlaque M |author7=Real E |author8=Torres J |author9=Richir J |display-authors=3 |year=2020 |title=The Strange Case of Tough White Seabream (''Diplodus sargus'', Teleostei: Sparidae): A First Approach to the Extent of the Phenomenon in the Mediterranean |journal=Frontiers in. Marine Science |volume=7 |page=387 |doi=10.3389/fmars.2020.00387}}</ref>


==Namesakes==
==Namesakes==

Revision as of 17:58, 26 January 2024

This article is about the fish. For the U.S. Navy ships, see USS Sargo. For the town in Burkina Faso, see Sargo, Burkina Faso. For codename for the German spy Johannes Siegfried Becker, see Operation Bolívar.

Diplodus sargus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Sparidae
Genus: Diplodus
Species:
D. sargus
Binomial name
Diplodus sargus
Synonyms[2]

Diplodus sargus, the white seabream or sargo is a species of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sparidae, which includes the seabreams and porgies. This fish is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. It is a target species for commercial fisheries and is grown in aquaculture. D. sargus sensu lato was formerly thought to be a widespread species in the eastern Atlantic and western Indian Oceans but the taxa outside of D, sargus sensu stricto are now recognised as valid species and are part of the D. sargus species complex.

Taxonomy

Diplodus sargus was first formally described as Sparus sargus by Carl Linnaeus in the 10th edition of his Systema naturae published in 1758. Linnaeus gave the type locality as the Mediterranean.[3] D. vulgaris is closely related to D. sargus and these two taxa form a clade within the genus Diplodus. D. sargus was formerly thought to include populations away from the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean. These populations have now been recognised as separate species, D. noct in the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean D. kotschyi the eastern Mediterranean D. levantinus and the eastern Atlantic D. ascensionis, the Moroccan seabream D. cadenati, the Cape white seabream D. capensis, the St. Helena white seabream D. helenae and the Cape Verde endemic D. lineatus. Along with D. argenteus, D. bermudensis D. caudimacula and D. holbrooki of the western Atlantic these taxa form the D. sargus species complex with the genus Diplodus. It is thought that the D. sargus species complex originated in the Cape Verde area and radiated and speciated from there.[4]

The genus Diplodus is placed in the family Sparidae within the order Spariformes by the 5th edition of Fishes of the World.[5] Some authorities classify this genus in the subfamily Sparinae,[6] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sparidae.[5]

Etymology

Diplodus sargus has the [[Specific name (zoology) sargus which is derived from sargo, a Greek name for a sparid fish, which was in use at least as long ago as Aristotle.[7]

Fisheries

Diplodus sargus is commercially fished, with 3,713 t taken in 2008.[8] There has been a phenomenon since the 1990s of some white seabream becoming rubbery and inedible when cooked, this is not related to how fresh the fish was or whether it had been preserved. researchers refer to this as the Abnormally Tough Specimen (ATS) phenomenon. Its cause is unknown but it seems to occur around polluted areas, with the pollutants including copper, used in anti-fouling paints.[9]

Namesakes

Diplodus sargus has the common name sargo in many languages and this name is used as a name for food and gamefishes of the porgy family, in the coastal waters of the southern United States, such as the sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus). Two US Navy submarines were named for this nimble fish, USS Sargo (SS-188) and USS Sargo (SSN-583).[10][11]

References

  1. ^ Pollard, D.; Russell, B.; Carpenter, K.E.; et al. (2014). "Diplodus sargus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T170155A42736975. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T170155A42736975.en. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  2. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Diplodus sargus". FishBase. October 2023 version.
  3. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Diplodus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  4. ^ M. Summerer; R. Hanel; C. Sturmbauer. "Mitochondrial phylogeny and biogeographic affinities of sea breams of the genus Diplodus (Sparidae)". Journal of Fish Biology. 59 (6): 1638–1652. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00227.x.
  5. ^ a b Nelson, J.S.; Grande, T.C.; Wilson, M.V.H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 502–506. doi:10.1002/9781119174844. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. LCCN 2015037522. OCLC 951899884. OL 25909650M.
  6. ^ Parenti, P. (2019). "An annotated checklist of the fishes of the family Sparidae". FishTaxa. 4 (2): 47–98.
  7. ^ Christopher Scharpf (12 January 2024). "Order ACANTHURIFORMES (part 6): Families GERREIDAE, LETHRINIDAE, NEMIPTERIDAE and SPARIDAE". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  8. ^ "Diplodus sargus". Fisheries Global Information System. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 4 May 2011.
  9. ^ Casadevall M; Rodríguez-Prieto C; Pueyo J; et al. (2020). "The Strange Case of Tough White Seabream (Diplodus sargus, Teleostei: Sparidae): A First Approach to the Extent of the Phenomenon in the Mediterranean". Frontiers in. Marine Science. 7: 387. doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00387.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  10. ^ "Sargo II (SSN-583) 1958-1988". Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  11. ^ "Freshwater and Saltwater Fish Commonly Caught in Texas" (PDF). Texas Parks & Wildlife. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
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