Bundibugyo virus: Difference between revisions

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| familia = ''[[Filoviridae]]''
| familia = ''[[Filoviridae]]''
| genus = ''[[Ebolavirus]]''
| genus = ''[[Ebolavirus]]''
| species = ''[[Bundibugyo ebolavirus]]'' (accepted)
| species = ''[[Bundibugyo ebolavirus]]''
}}
}}
'''Bundibugyo virus''' (BDBV) is a close relative of the much more commonly known [[Ebola virus]] (EBOV). BDBV causes severe [[disease]] in [[human]]s and (experimentally) in nonhuman [[primates]] in the form of [[viral hemorrhagic fever]]s. BDBV is a [[Select Agent]], [[World Health Organization]] Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring [[Biosafety|Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment]]), [[National Institutes of Health]]/[[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]] Category A Priority Pathogen, [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] [[Bioterrorism|Category A Bioterrorism Agent]], and is listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the [[Australia Group]].


'''Bundibugyo virus''' (BDBV) is a close relative of the much more commonly known [[Ebola virus]] (EBOV). BDBV causes severe [[disease]] in [[human]]s and (experimentally) in nonhuman [[primates]] in the form of [[viral hemorrhagic fever]]s. BDBV is a [[Select Agent]], [[World Health Organization]] Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring [[Biosafety|Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment]]), [[National Institutes of Health]]/[[National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases]] Category A Priority Pathogen, [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] [[Bioterrorism|Category A Bioterrorism Agent]], and listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the [[Australia Group]].


== Use of term ==
== Use of term ==
Bundibugyo virus (abbreviated BDBV) was first described in 2008 as a single member of a suggested new [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|species]] ''[[Bundibugyo ebolavirus]]'', which was suggested to be included into the [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|genus]] ''[[Ebolavirus]]'', [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|family]] ''[[Filoviridae]]'', [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|order]] ''[[Mononegavirales]]''.<ref name=Towner2008>{{
Bundibugyo virus (abbreviated BDBV) was first described in 2008 as a single member of a suggested new [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|species]] ''[[Bundibugyo ebolavirus]]'', which was suggested to be included into the [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|genus]] ''[[Ebolavirus]]'', [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|family]] ''[[Filoviridae]]'', [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses|order]] ''[[Mononegavirales]]''.<ref name=Towner2008>{{Cite pmid|2581435}}</ref> The name Bundibugyo virus is derived from ''Bundibugyo'' (the name of the chief town of the [[Uganda]]n [[Bundibugyo District]], where it was first discovered) and the [[Taxonomy|taxonomic]] [[suffix]] ''virus''.<ref name=KuhnArch>{{Cite pmid|21046175}}</ref>
===Note===
cite journal
Bundibugyo virus is pronounced ˌbʊndiː’bʊdʒɔː vɑɪrəs ([[IPA]]) or '''boon'''-dee-'''boo'''-jaw '''vahy'''-ruhs or '''boon'''-dee-'''boo'''-joh '''vahy'''-ruhs in English phonetic notation.<ref name=KuhnArch/> According to the rules for taxon naming established by the [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses]] (ICTV), the name Bundibugyo virus is always to be [[Capitalization|capitalized]], but is never [[Italic type|italicized]], and may be [[Abbreviation|abbreviated]] (with BDBV being the official abbreviation).
|last1=Towner
|first1=J. S.
|last2=Sealy
|first2=T. K.
|last3=Khristova
|first3=M. L.
|last4=Albarino
|first4=C. G.
|last5=Conlan
|first5=S.
|last6=Reeder
|first6=S. A.
|last7=Quan
|first7=P. L.
|last8=Lipkin
|first8=W. I.
|last9=Downing
|first9=R.
|last10=Tappero
|first10=J. W.
|last11=Okware S
|first11=S.
|last12=Lutwama
|first12=J.
|last13=Bakamutumaho
|first13=B.
|last14=Kayiwa
|first14=J.
|last15=Comer
|first15=J. A.
|last16=Rollin
|first16=P. E.
|last17=Ksiazek
|first17=T. G.
|last18=Nichol
|first18=S. T.
|year = 2008
|title = Newly discovered Ebola virus associated with hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Uganda
|journal = PLoS Pathogens
|volume = 4
|issue = 11
|pages = e1000212
|doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.1000212
|pmid = 19023410
|pmc=2581435
}}</ref> The name Bundibugyo virus is derived from ''Bundibugyo'' (the name of the chief town of the [[Uganda]]n [[Bundibugyo District]], where it was first discovered) and the [[Taxonomy|taxonomic]] [[suffix]] ''virus''.<ref name=KuhnArch>{{
cite journal
|last1=Kuhn
|first1=Jens H.
|last2=Becker
|first2=Stephan
|last3=Ebihara
|first3=Hideki
|last4=Geisbert
|first4=Thomas W.
|last5=Johnson
|first5=Karl M.
|last6=Kawaoka
|first6=Yoshihiro
|last7=Lipkin
|first7=W. Ian
|last8=Negredo
|first8=Ana I
|last9=Netesov
|first9=Sergey V.
|year = 2010
|title = Proposal for a revised taxonomy of the family Filoviridae: Classification, names of taxa and viruses, and virus abbreviations
|journal = Archives of Virology
|volume = 155
|issue = 12
|pages = 2083–103
|doi = 10.1007/s00705-010-0814-x
|pmid = 21046175
|pmc=3074192
}}</ref> Bundibugyo virus is pronounced ˌbʊndiː’bʊdʒɔː vɑɪrəs ([[IPA]]) or boon-dee-boo-jaw vahy-ruhs or boon-dee-boo-joh vahy-ruhs in English phonetic notation.<ref name=KuhnArch/> According to the rules for taxon naming established by the [[International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses]] (ICTV), the name Bundibugyo virus is always to be [[Capitalization|capitalized]], but is never [[Italic type|italicized]], and may be [[Abbreviation|abbreviated]] (with BDBV being the official abbreviation).


== Previous designations ==
== Previous designations ==
Bundibugyo virus was first introduced as Bundibugyo ebolavirus in 2008, albeit without differentiating this name from the suggested species ''Bundibugyo ebolavirus''.<ref name=Towner2008/>. Later publications also referred to the virus as a novel "strain" of [[Ebola virus]]<ref name=Wamala2010>{{
Bundibugyo virus was first introduced as Bundibugyo ebolavirus in 2008, albeit without differentiating this name from the suggested species ''Bundibugyo ebolavirus''.<ref name=Towner2008/>. Another name introduced at the same time was Uganda ebolavirus.<ref name=Kuhn2008>{{Cite pmid|18637412}}</ref> Later publications also referred to the virus as a novel "strain" of [[Ebola virus]]<ref name=Wamala2010>{{Cite pmid|20587179}}</ref> or as Bundibugyo Ebola virus.<ref name=MacNeil2010>{{Cite pmid|21122234}}</ref> The abbreviations BEBOV (for Bundibugyo ebolavirus) and UEBOV (for Uganda ebolavirus)<ref name=Kuhn2008/> were briefly used before BDBV was established as the abbreviation for Bundibugyo virus.<ref name=KuhnArch/>
cite journal
|last1=Wamala
|first1=J.
|last2=Lukwago
|first2=L.
|last3=Malimbo
|first3=M.
|last4=Nguku
|first4=P.
|last5=Yoti
|first5=Z.
|last6=Musenero
|first6=M.
|last7=Amone
|first7=J.
|last8=Mbabazi
|first8=W.
|last9=Nanyunja
|first9=M.
|last10=Zaramba
|first10=S.
|last11=Opio
|first11=A.
|last12=Lutwama
|first12=J.
|last13=Talisuna
|first13=A.
|last14=Okware
|first14=I.
|year = 2010
|title = Ebola hemorrhagic fever associated with novel virus strain, Uganda, 2007-2008
|journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases
|volume = 16
|issue = 7
|pages = 1087–92
|pmid = 20587179
|doi=10.3201/eid1607.091525
}}</ref> or as Bundibugyo Ebola virus.<ref name=MacNeil2010>{{
cite journal
|last1=MacNeil
|first1=A.
|last2=Farnon
|first2=E. C.
|last3=Wamala
|first3=J.
|last4=Okware
|first4=S.
|last5=Cannon
|first5=D. L.
|last6=Reed
|first6=Z.
|last7=Towner
|first7=J. S.
|last8=Tappero
|first8=J. W.
|last9=Lutwama
|first9=J.
|last10=Downing
|first10=R.
|last11=Nichol
|first11=S. T.
|last12=Ksiazek
|first12=T. G.
|last13=Rollin
|first13=P. E.
|year = 2010
|title = Proportion of deaths and clinical features in Bundibugyo Ebola virus infection, Uganda
|journal = Emerging Infectious Diseases
|volume = 16
|issue = 12
|pages = 1969–72
|pmid = 21122234
|doi=10.3201/eid1612.100627
}}</ref> The abbreviation BEBOV (for Bundibugyo ebolavirus)<ref name=MacNeil2010/> was briefly used before BDBV was established as the abbreviation for Bundibugyo virus.<ref name=KuhnArch/>


== Virus inclusion criteria ==
== Virus inclusion criteria ==
A virus of the species ''[[Bundibugyo ebolavirus]]'' is a Bundibugyo virus if it has the properties of [[Bundibugyo ebolavirus|Bundibugyo ebolaviruses]] and if its [[genome]] diverges from that of the prototype Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Bundibugyo virus variant Bundibugyo (BDBV/Bun), by ≤10% at the [[nucleotide]] level.<ref name=KuhnArch/>
A virus of the species ''[[Bundibugyo ebolavirus]]'' is a Bundibugyo virus if it has the properties of [[Bundibugyo ebolavirus|Bundibugyo ebolaviruses]] and if its [[genome]] diverges from that of the prototype Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Bundibugyo virus variant #811250 (BDBV/#811250), by ≤10% at the [[nucleotide]] level.<ref name=KuhnArch/>


== Disease ==
== Disease ==
BDBV is one of four ebolaviruses that causes [[Ebola virus disease]] (EVD) in humans (in the literature also often referred to as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, EHF). EVD due to BDBV infection cannot be differentiated from EVD caused by other ebolaviruses by clinical observation alone<ref name=Wamala2010/><ref name=MacNeil2010/>, which is why the clinical presentation and pathology of infections by all ebolaviruses is presented together on a separate page (see [[Ebola virus disease]]). BDBV made its first and thus far only known appearance on August 1 of 2007, when a [[viral hemorrhagic fever]] outbreak began in the Bundibugyo and Kikyo townships of [[Bundibugyo District]] in western [[Uganda]]. Blood samples from suspect cases were sent to the US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], where the presence of an ebolavirus was confirmed on November 29, 2007. In depth analysis revealed that the present ebolavirus was a relative, but not identical, to the other four ebolaviruses known at the time.<ref name=Towner2008/><ref name=Wamala2010/> The outbreak was declared over on February 20, 2008.<ref name=Wamala2010/>:
BDBV is one of four ebolaviruses that causes [[Ebola virus disease]] (EVD) in humans (in the literature also often referred to as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, EHF). EVD due to BDBV infection cannot be differentiated from EVD caused by other ebolaviruses by clinical observation alone<ref name=Wamala2010/><ref name=MacNeil2010/>, which is why the clinical presentation and pathology of infections by all ebolaviruses is presented together on a separate page (see [[Ebola virus disease]]). BDBV made its first and thus far only known appearance on August 1 of 2007, when a [[viral hemorrhagic fever]] outbreak began in the Bundibugyo and Kikyo townships of [[Bundibugyo District]] in western [[Uganda]]. Blood samples from suspect cases were sent to the US [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]], where the presence of an ebolavirus was confirmed on November 29, 2007. In depth analysis revealed that the present ebolavirus was a relative, but not identical, to the other four ebolaviruses known at the time.<ref name=Towner2008/><ref name=Wamala2010/> The outbreak was declared over on February 20, 2008.<ref name=Wamala2010/>:

{| class="sortable wikitable"
{| class="sortable wikitable"
|+ [[Ebola virus disease]] (EVD) outbreaks due to Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) infection
|+ [[Ebola virus disease]] (EVD) outbreaks due to Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) infection
Line 188: Line 29:
| 116/39 (34%)
| 116/39 (34%)
|}
|}


== Ecology ==
== Ecology ==
The ecology of BDBV is currently unclear and no reservoir host has yet been identified. Therefore, it remains unclear how BDBV was introduced into the human population. [[Bats]] are suspected to harbor the virus because infectious [[Marburg virus]] (MARV), a distantly related filovirus, has been isolated from bats,<ref>{{Cite pmid|19649327}}</ref> and because traces (but no infectious particles) of the more closely related [[Ebola virus]] (EBOV) were found in bats as well.<ref>{{Cite pmid|16319873}}</ref>
The ecology of BDBV is currently unclear and no reservoir host has yet been identified. Therefore, it remains unclear how BDBV was introduced into the human population. [[Bats]] are suspected to harbor the virus because infectious [[Marburg virus]] (MARV) and [[Ravn virus]] (RAVV), two distantly related filoviruses, have been isolated from bats,<ref>{{Cite pmid|19649327}}</ref> and because traces (but no infectious particles) of the more closely related [[Ebola virus]] (EBOV) were found in bats as well.<ref>{{Cite pmid|16319873}}</ref>

== Molecular Biology ==
== Molecular Biology ==
BDBV is basically uncharacterized on a molecular level. However, its genomic sequence, and with it the [[Genome|genomic]] organization and the conservation of individual [[open reading frame]]s, is similar to that of the other four known ebolaviruses (58-61% nucleotide similarity).<ref name=Towner2008/> It is therefore currently assumed that the knowledge obtained for EBOV can be [[Extrapolation|extrapolated]] to BDBV and that all BDBV [[protein]]s behave analogous to those of EBOV.
BDBV is basically uncharacterized on a molecular level. However, its genomic sequence, and with it the [[Genome|genomic]] organization and the conservation of individual [[open reading frame]]s, is similar to that of the other four known ebolaviruses (58-61% nucleotide similarity).<ref name=Towner2008/> It is therefore currently assumed that the knowledge obtained for EBOV can be [[Extrapolation|extrapolated]] to BDBV and that all BDBV [[protein]]s are analogs of those of EBOV.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
* [http://talk.ictvonline.org/default.aspx ICTV Files and Discussions - Discussion forum and file distribution for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses]
* [http://talk.ictvonline.org/default.aspx ICTV Files and Discussions - Discussion forum and file distribution for the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses]

[[Category:Animal diseases]]
[[Category:Animal diseases]]
[[Category:Animal virology]]
[[Category:Animal virology]]

Revision as of 23:35, 28 March 2012

Bundibugyo virus (BDBV)
Virus classification
Group:
Group V ((−)ssRNA)
Order:
Mononegavirales
Family:
Filoviridae
Genus:
Ebolavirus
Species:
Bundibugyo ebolavirus

Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) is a close relative of the much more commonly known Ebola virus (EBOV). BDBV causes severe disease in humans and (experimentally) in nonhuman primates in the form of viral hemorrhagic fevers. BDBV is a Select Agent, World Health Organization Risk Group 4 Pathogen (requiring Biosafety Level 4-equivalent containment), National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Category A Priority Pathogen, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Category A Bioterrorism Agent, and is listed as a Biological Agent for Export Control by the Australia Group.

Use of term

Bundibugyo virus (abbreviated BDBV) was first described in 2008 as a single member of a suggested new species Bundibugyo ebolavirus, which was suggested to be included into the genus Ebolavirus, family Filoviridae, order Mononegavirales.[1] The name Bundibugyo virus is derived from Bundibugyo (the name of the chief town of the Ugandan Bundibugyo District, where it was first discovered) and the taxonomic suffix virus.[2]

Note

Bundibugyo virus is pronounced ˌbʊndiː’bʊdʒɔː vɑɪrəs (IPA) or boon-dee-boo-jaw vahy-ruhs or boon-dee-boo-joh vahy-ruhs in English phonetic notation.[2] According to the rules for taxon naming established by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the name Bundibugyo virus is always to be capitalized, but is never italicized, and may be abbreviated (with BDBV being the official abbreviation).

Previous designations

Bundibugyo virus was first introduced as Bundibugyo ebolavirus in 2008, albeit without differentiating this name from the suggested species Bundibugyo ebolavirus.[1]. Another name introduced at the same time was Uganda ebolavirus.[3] Later publications also referred to the virus as a novel "strain" of Ebola virus[4] or as Bundibugyo Ebola virus.[5] The abbreviations BEBOV (for Bundibugyo ebolavirus) and UEBOV (for Uganda ebolavirus)[3] were briefly used before BDBV was established as the abbreviation for Bundibugyo virus.[2]

Virus inclusion criteria

A virus of the species Bundibugyo ebolavirus is a Bundibugyo virus if it has the properties of Bundibugyo ebolaviruses and if its genome diverges from that of the prototype Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Bundibugyo virus variant #811250 (BDBV/#811250), by ≤10% at the nucleotide level.[2]

Disease

BDBV is one of four ebolaviruses that causes Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans (in the literature also often referred to as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, EHF). EVD due to BDBV infection cannot be differentiated from EVD caused by other ebolaviruses by clinical observation alone[4][5], which is why the clinical presentation and pathology of infections by all ebolaviruses is presented together on a separate page (see Ebola virus disease). BDBV made its first and thus far only known appearance on August 1 of 2007, when a viral hemorrhagic fever outbreak began in the Bundibugyo and Kikyo townships of Bundibugyo District in western Uganda. Blood samples from suspect cases were sent to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, where the presence of an ebolavirus was confirmed on November 29, 2007. In depth analysis revealed that the present ebolavirus was a relative, but not identical, to the other four ebolaviruses known at the time.[1][4] The outbreak was declared over on February 20, 2008.[4]:

Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks due to Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) infection
Year Geographic location Human cases/deaths (case-fatality rate)
2007-2008 Bundibugyo District, Uganda 116/39 (34%)

Ecology

The ecology of BDBV is currently unclear and no reservoir host has yet been identified. Therefore, it remains unclear how BDBV was introduced into the human population. Bats are suspected to harbor the virus because infectious Marburg virus (MARV) and Ravn virus (RAVV), two distantly related filoviruses, have been isolated from bats,[6] and because traces (but no infectious particles) of the more closely related Ebola virus (EBOV) were found in bats as well.[7]

Molecular Biology

BDBV is basically uncharacterized on a molecular level. However, its genomic sequence, and with it the genomic organization and the conservation of individual open reading frames, is similar to that of the other four known ebolaviruses (58-61% nucleotide similarity).[1] It is therefore currently assumed that the knowledge obtained for EBOV can be extrapolated to BDBV and that all BDBV proteins are analogs of those of EBOV.

References

  1. ^ a b c d Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 2581435, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=2581435 instead.
  2. ^ a b c d Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 21046175, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=21046175 instead.
  3. ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 18637412, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=18637412 instead.
  4. ^ a b c d Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 20587179, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=20587179 instead.
  5. ^ a b Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 21122234, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=21122234 instead.
  6. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 19649327, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=19649327 instead.
  7. ^ Attention: This template ({{cite pmid}}) is deprecated. To cite the publication identified by PMID 16319873, please use {{cite journal}} with |pmid=16319873 instead.

External links

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