Human anti-mouse antibody: Difference between revisions
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{{Distinguish|HAM-A}} |
{{Distinguish|HAM-A}} |
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{{Cleanup|date=January 2009}} |
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'''Human anti-mouse antibody''' ('''HAMA''') is an [[antibody]] found in humans which reacts to [[immunoglobin]]s found in [[mice]].<ref |
'''Human anti-mouse antibody''' ('''HAMA''') is an [[antibody]] found in humans which reacts to [[immunoglobin]]s found in [[mice]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mskcc.org/pediatrics/cancer-care/types/neuroblastoma/treatment/antibody-3f8 |publisher=Sloan-Kettering |title=Antibody-3F8}}</ref> |
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==The HAMA response== |
==The HAMA response== |
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[[Antibody therapy|Antibody treatment]] is a type of therapy that is used to treat certain types of [[cancer]] and [[immune disorder]]s. Antibodies are proteins which are naturally formed by the body in response to a foreign substance, known as an [[antigen]]. Antibodies can also be grown outside of the patient’s body and injected into them to help aid the immune system to fight disease. These types of antibodies are typically called [[monoclonal antibodies]] because they are created to target one specific antigen.<ref> |
[[Antibody therapy|Antibody treatment]] is a type of therapy that is used to treat certain types of [[cancer]] and [[immune disorder]]s. Antibodies are proteins which are naturally formed by the body in response to a foreign substance, known as an [[antigen]]. Antibodies can also be grown outside of the patient’s body and injected into them to help aid the immune system to fight disease. These types of antibodies are typically called [[monoclonal antibodies]] because they are created to target one specific antigen.<ref>{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|003428|Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection}}</ref> [[Herceptin]] and [[Avastin]], two widely used cancer fighting drugs, are examples of monoclonal antibodies. |
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For several decades, and until recently, mice were used extensively in the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). But the treatments were not as effective as doctors had hoped. One problem was that patients reacted to the mouse antibodies as if they were a foreign substance, and created a new set of antibodies to the mouse antibodies. Doctors have termed this the “HAMA response,” referring to the development of Human Anti-Mouse Antibodies (HAMA). The HAMA response is essentially an [[allergic reaction]] to the mouse antibodies that can range from a mild form, like a [[rash]], to a more extreme and life-threatening response, such as renal failure. HAMA can also decrease the effectiveness of the treatment, or create a future reaction if the patient is given a subsequent treatment containing mouse antibodies.<ref>Patients Against Lymphoma http://www.lymphomation.org/side-effect-HAMA.htm</ref> |
For several decades, and until recently, mice were used extensively in the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). But the treatments were not as effective as doctors had hoped. One problem was that patients reacted to the mouse antibodies as if they were a foreign substance, and created a new set of antibodies to the mouse antibodies. Doctors have termed this the “HAMA response,” referring to the development of Human Anti-Mouse Antibodies (HAMA). The HAMA response is essentially an [[allergic reaction]] to the mouse antibodies that can range from a mild form, like a [[rash]], to a more extreme and life-threatening response, such as renal failure. HAMA can also decrease the effectiveness of the treatment, or create a future reaction if the patient is given a subsequent treatment containing mouse antibodies.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Patients Against Lymphoma |url=http://www.lymphomation.org/side-effect-HAMA.htm |title=HAMA: Human Anti-Mouse Antibodies |date=February 18, 2013}}{{MEDRS}}</ref> |
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It has been observed that anywhere from one-third to more than half of patients receiving mouse-derived antibodies will develop some form of HAMA response.<ref>Azinovic |
It has been observed that anywhere from one-third to more than half of patients receiving mouse-derived antibodies will develop some form of HAMA response.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Azinovic |first1=Ignacio |last2=DeNardo |first2=Gerald L. |last3=Lamborn |first3=Kathleen R. |last4=Mirick |first4=Gary |last5=Goldstein |first5=Desiree |last6=Bradt |first6=Bonnie M. |last7=DeNardo |first7=Sally J. |title=Survival benefit associated with human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) in patients with B-cell malignancies |journal=Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy |volume=55 |issue=12 |pages=1451–8 |year=2006 |pmid=16496145 |doi=10.1007/s00262-006-0148-4 }}</ref> Even more startling, at least ten percent of the general population has been observed to carry some form of animal-derived antibodies, most often from mice, due to the preponderance of medical agents made from the [[Serum (blood)|serum]] of animals.<ref name=pmid10835540>{{cite journal |last1=Klee |first1=George G. |title=Human Anti-Mouse Antibodies |journal=Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine |volume=124 |issue=6 |pages=921–3 |year=2000 |pmid=10835540 |doi=10.1043/0003-9985(2000)124<0921:HAMA>2.0.CO;2 |doi-broken-date=August 18, 2015 |url=http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/10.1043/0003-9985(2000)124%3C0921:HAMA%3E2.0.CO;2?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed }}</ref> |
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Monoclonal antibodies can be generated for human use without mice by using [[in vitro]] techniques. MAbs manufactured using these methods do not suffer from the drawbacks related to the HAMA response. Animal protection groups fought for years to end MAb production in mice because it causes intense suffering for the animals that includes severe abdominal pain, difficulty breathing and death.<ref> |
Monoclonal antibodies can be generated for human use without mice by using [[in vitro]] techniques. MAbs manufactured using these methods do not suffer from the drawbacks related to the HAMA response. Animal protection groups fought for years to end MAb production in mice because it causes intense suffering for the animals that includes severe abdominal pain, difficulty breathing and death.<ref>{{cite journal |first1=Uwe |last1=Marx |first2=M. Jim |last2=Embleton |first3=René |last3=Fischer |first4=Franz P. |last4=Gruber |first5=Ulrika |last5=Hansson |first6=Joachim |last6=Heuer |first7=Wim A. |last7=de Leeuw |first8=Ton |last8=Logtenberg |first9=Wolfram |last9=Merz |first10=Daniel |last10=Portetelle |first11=John-Louis |last11=Romette |first12=Donald W. |last12=Straughan |date=March 1997 |title=Monoclonal Antibody Production |journal=ATLA |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=121–37 |id={{INIST|2645205}} |url=http://www.atla.org.uk/monoclonal-antibody-production/}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gruber |first1=Franz P. |last2=Hartung |first2=Thomas |title=Alternatives to Animal Experimentation in Basic Research |journal=ALTEX |volume=21 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=3–31 |year=2004 |pmid=15586255 |url=http://www.altex.ch/resources/gruberhartung_suppl_2004.pdf }}</ref> |
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Marx U, Embleton MJ, Fisher R, Gruber FP, Hansson U, Heuer J, de Leeuw WA, Logtenberg T, Merz W, Portetelle D, Romette J-L, Straughan DW (1997) Monoclonal antibody Production; the report and recommendations of ECVAM Workshop 23. ATLA 25: 121-137.</ref><ref>Gruber FP and Hartung T (2004) Alternatives to animal experimentation in basic research. ALTEX 21. Suppl. 1/04, 3-31</ref> |
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It took considerable, sustained pressure from animal welfare groups, led by legal efforts initiated by the American Anti-Vivisection Society, before this would change. Today in vitro methods of MAb production are recognized and promoted by the National Institutes of Health and are required of all investigators who receive federal funding if their work involves producing MAbs. |
It took considerable, sustained pressure from animal welfare groups, led by legal efforts initiated by the American Anti-Vivisection Society, before this would change. Today in vitro methods of MAb production are recognized and promoted by the National Institutes of Health and are required of all investigators who receive federal funding if their work involves producing MAbs.{{fact}} |
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The existence of HAMA can complicate laboratory measurements.<ref name= |
The existence of HAMA can complicate laboratory measurements.<ref name=pmid10835540/> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 00:31, 19 August 2015
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Human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) is an antibody found in humans which reacts to immunoglobins found in mice.[1]
The HAMA response
Antibody treatment is a type of therapy that is used to treat certain types of cancer and immune disorders. Antibodies are proteins which are naturally formed by the body in response to a foreign substance, known as an antigen. Antibodies can also be grown outside of the patient’s body and injected into them to help aid the immune system to fight disease. These types of antibodies are typically called monoclonal antibodies because they are created to target one specific antigen.[2] Herceptin and Avastin, two widely used cancer fighting drugs, are examples of monoclonal antibodies.
For several decades, and until recently, mice were used extensively in the production of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). But the treatments were not as effective as doctors had hoped. One problem was that patients reacted to the mouse antibodies as if they were a foreign substance, and created a new set of antibodies to the mouse antibodies. Doctors have termed this the “HAMA response,” referring to the development of Human Anti-Mouse Antibodies (HAMA). The HAMA response is essentially an allergic reaction to the mouse antibodies that can range from a mild form, like a rash, to a more extreme and life-threatening response, such as renal failure. HAMA can also decrease the effectiveness of the treatment, or create a future reaction if the patient is given a subsequent treatment containing mouse antibodies.[3]
It has been observed that anywhere from one-third to more than half of patients receiving mouse-derived antibodies will develop some form of HAMA response.[4] Even more startling, at least ten percent of the general population has been observed to carry some form of animal-derived antibodies, most often from mice, due to the preponderance of medical agents made from the serum of animals.[5]
Monoclonal antibodies can be generated for human use without mice by using in vitro techniques. MAbs manufactured using these methods do not suffer from the drawbacks related to the HAMA response. Animal protection groups fought for years to end MAb production in mice because it causes intense suffering for the animals that includes severe abdominal pain, difficulty breathing and death.[6][7]
It took considerable, sustained pressure from animal welfare groups, led by legal efforts initiated by the American Anti-Vivisection Society, before this would change. Today in vitro methods of MAb production are recognized and promoted by the National Institutes of Health and are required of all investigators who receive federal funding if their work involves producing MAbs.[citation needed]
The existence of HAMA can complicate laboratory measurements.[5]
References
- ^ "Antibody-3F8". Sloan-Kettering.
- ^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia: Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) collection
- ^ "HAMA: Human Anti-Mouse Antibodies". Patients Against Lymphoma. February 18, 2013.[unreliable medical source?]
- ^ Azinovic, Ignacio; DeNardo, Gerald L.; Lamborn, Kathleen R.; Mirick, Gary; Goldstein, Desiree; Bradt, Bonnie M.; DeNardo, Sally J. (2006). "Survival benefit associated with human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) in patients with B-cell malignancies". Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy. 55 (12): 1451–8. doi:10.1007/s00262-006-0148-4. PMID 16496145.
- ^ a b Klee, George G. (2000). "Human Anti-Mouse Antibodies". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 124 (6): 921–3. doi:10.1043/0003-9985(2000)124<0921:HAMA>2.0.CO;2 (inactive August 18, 2015). PMID 10835540.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2015 (link) - ^ Marx, Uwe; Embleton, M. Jim; Fischer, René; Gruber, Franz P.; Hansson, Ulrika; Heuer, Joachim; de Leeuw, Wim A.; Logtenberg, Ton; Merz, Wolfram; Portetelle, Daniel; Romette, John-Louis; Straughan, Donald W. (March 1997). "Monoclonal Antibody Production". ATLA. 25 (2): 121–37. INIST 2645205.
- ^ Gruber, Franz P.; Hartung, Thomas (2004). "Alternatives to Animal Experimentation in Basic Research" (PDF). ALTEX. 21 (Suppl 1): 3–31. PMID 15586255.