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{{Infobox planet
{| align="right" width="280" style="margin: 0em 0em 0em 1em; border-color: #999999; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px;"
| minorplanet = yes
|+ '''12696 Camus'''
| name = 12696 Camus
|-
| background = #FFFFC0
! bgcolor="#ffffcc" colspan="2" | Name
| image =
|-
| caption =
| '''Name'''
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| Camus
| discovered = 26 September 1989
|-
| discoverer = [[Eric Elst|E. W. Elst]]
| '''Designation'''
| discovery_site = [[European Southern Observatory|ESO]] ([[La Silla Observatory|La Silla Obs.]])
| 1989 SF1
| mp_name = 12696 Camus
|-
| alt_names = {{mp|1989 SF|1}}{{·}}{{mp|1993 QL|2}}
! bgcolor="#ffffcc" colspan="2" | Discovery
| named_after = [[Albert Camus]]<br />{{small|(French writer)}}<ref name="springer" />
|-
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|(middle)}}&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" />
| width="140" | '''Discoverer'''
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| [[Eric Walter Elst]]
| epoch = 13 January 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457400.5)
|-
| uncertainty = 0
| '''Discovery date'''
| observation_arc = {{nowrap|26.22 yr (9,578 days)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;}}
| September 26, 1989
| aphelion = 2.9977 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
|-
| perihelion = 2.2438 AU
| '''Discovery site'''
| semimajor = 2.6207 AU
| [[European Southern Observatory]]
| eccentricity = 0.1438
|-
| period = 4.24 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,550 days)
! bgcolor="#ffffcc" colspan="2" | Orbital elements
| mean_anomaly = 137.65[[degree (angle)|°]]
|-
| inclination = 7.9972°
| colspan="2" align="center" | <small>[[Epoch (astronomy)|Epoch]] October 27, 2007 ([[Julian day|JDCT]] 2454400.5)</small>
| asc_node = 160.38°
|-
| arg_peri = 128.28°
| '''[[Eccentricity (orbit)|Eccentricity]] ''(e)'''''
| dimensions = {{val|9.329|0.056}} km<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|7.71|3.44}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />11.11 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| 0.141
| rotation = {{val|3.78|0.04}} [[hour|h]]<ref name="Oey-2007b" />
|-
| albedo = {{val|0.0694|0.0090}}<ref name="WISE" /><br />{{val|0.130|0.086}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />0.057 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| '''[[Semimajor axis]] ''(a)'''''
| spectral_type = [[C-type asteroid|C]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" />
| 2.623 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| abs_magnitude = 13.5<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />13.4<ref name="WISE" /><br />13.40<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
|-
}}
| '''[[Perihelion]] ''(q)'''''
| 2.252 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
|-
| '''[[Aphelion]] ''(Q)'''''
| 2.994 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
|-
| '''[[Orbital period]] ''(P)'''''
| 4.25 [[Julian year (astronomy)|a]]
|-
| '''[[Inclination]] ''(i)'''''
| 7.998°
|-
| '''[[Longitude of the ascending node]] ''(Ω)'''''
| 160.448°
|-
| '''[[Argument of Perihelion]] ''(ω)'''''
| 128.788°
|-
| '''[[Mean anomaly]] ''(M)'''''
| 160.704°
|}
'''12696 Camus''' is a [[main belt]] [[asteroid]] with a perihelion of 2.252&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]]. It has an [[Eccentricity (orbit)|eccentricity]] of 0.141 and an [[orbital period]] of 1551.866 days (4.25 years).<ref name="JP: Small-body Database Browser">{{cite web | url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=12696 | title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser | accessdate = 2008-02-17 | publisher = [[NASA]]}}</ref>


'''12696 Camus''', provisional designation {{mp|1989 SF|1}}, is a carbonaceous [[asteroid]] from the middle region of the [[asteroid belt]], about 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Belgian astronomer [[Eric Elst]] at [[European Southern Observatory|ESO]]'s [[La Silla Observatory]] in northern Chile on 26 September 1989.<ref name="MPC-Camus" />
Caldeira has an average [[orbital speed]] of 18.297&nbsp;km/s and an [[inclination]] of 8.0°.


The dark [[C-type asteroid|C-type]] asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.2–3.0&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 4 years and 3 months (1,550 days). Its orbit shows an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.14 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 8 degrees from the plane of the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> In 2006, a photometric [[light-curve]] analysis by Julian Oey at the Leura Observatory ({{small|[[IAU code#E00–E99|E17]]}}) in Australia rendered [[rotation period]] of {{val|3.78|0.04}} hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.40 in [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|Q=3-]]}}).<ref name="Oey-2007b" />
The asteroid was discovered on September 26, 1989, by [[Eric Walter Elst]].


According to NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] with its subsequent [[NEOWISE]] mission, the asteroid has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] of of 0.07 and 0.13 with a corresponding diameter of 9.3 and 7.7 kilometers, respectively.<ref name="WISE" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />
This asteroid is named after [[Albert Camus]], a French novelist and essayist.<ref name="JP: Small-body Database Browser"/>
The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' (CALL) assumes a lower albedo of 0.057 and consequently calculates a larger diameter of 11.1 kilometer, as the lower the albedo (reflectivity), the larger the asteroid for a given absolute magnitude (brightness).<ref name="lcdb" />


The minor planet was named after French philosopher, author, and journalist, [[Albert Camus]] (1913–1960), who won the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in 1957. He is best known for his novels ''[[The Stranger (novel)|L'Etranger (The Stranger)]]'' and ''[[The Plague|La Peste (The Plague)]]''. He defended truth, moderation and justice, adhering to liberal humanism and rejecting the dogmatic aspects of both Christianity and Marxism.<ref name="springer" />
==References==
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
== References ==
{{reflist
* {{JPL small body|id=12696}}
|refs=


<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
{{Minor planets navigator|12695 Utrecht|12697 Verhaeren|}}
|type = 2015-12-17 last obs.
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 12696 Camus (1989 SF1)
|url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2012696
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|accessdate = February 2016}}</ref>


<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (12696) Camus
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 787
|date = 2007
|url = http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_8669
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|accessdate = February 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Camus">{{cite web
|title = 12696 Camus (1989 SF1)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=12696
|accessdate = February 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (12696) Camus
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=12696%7CCamus
|accessdate = February 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="WISE">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = A. |last1 = Mainzer
|first2 = T. |last2 = Grav
|first3 = J. |last3 = Masiero
|first4 = E. |last4 = Hand
|first5 = J. |last5 = Bauer
|first6 = D. |last6 = Tholen
|first7 = R. S. |last7 = McMillan
|first8 = T. |last8 = Spahr
|first9 = R. M. |last9 = Cutri
|first10 = E. |last10 = Wright
|first11 = J. |last11 = Watkins
|first12 = W. |last12 = Mo
|first13 = C. |last13 = Maleszewski
|date = November 2011
|title = NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2011ApJ...741...90M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal
|volume = 741
|issue = 2
|page = 25
|bibcode = 2011ApJ...741...90M
|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90
|access-date= February 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent
|first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
|date = November 2012
|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|volume = 759
|issue = 1
|page = 5
|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
|access-date= February 2016}}</ref>

<ref name="Oey-2007b">{{cite journal
|first1 = Julian |last1 = Oey
|first2 = J. |last2 = Vilagi
|first3 = S. |last3 = Gajdos
|first4 = L. |last4 = Kornos
|first5 = A. |last5 = Galad
|date = September 2007
|title = Light curve Analysis of 8 Asteroids from Leura and Other Collaborating Observatories
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2007MPBu...34...81O
|journal = Bulletin of the Minor Planets
|publisher = Section of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers
|volume = 34
|issue = 3
|pages = 81–83
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2007MPBu...34...81O
|access-date= February 2016}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info])
* [https://books.google.se/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs010001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (10001)-(15000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{JPL small body|title=12696 Camus (1989 SF1)|id=2012696}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Camus}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Camus}}
[[Category:Main-belt asteroids|012696]]
[[Category:Main-belt asteroids|012696]]
[[Category:Numbered asteroids|012696]]
[[Category:Numbered asteroids|012696]]
[[Category:Asteroids named for people]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Eric Walter Elst]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Eric Walter Elst]]
[[Category:Asteroids named for people]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1989|19890926]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1989|19890926]]


{{Beltasteroid-stub}}
{{Beltasteroid-stub}}

Revision as of 03:13, 17 February 2016

12696 Camus
Discovery [1]
Discovered byE. W. Elst
Discovery siteESO (La Silla Obs.)
Discovery date26 September 1989
Designations
12696 Camus
Named after
Albert Camus
(French writer)[2]
1989 SF1 · 1993 QL2
main-belt · (middle) [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 13 January 2016 (JD 2457400.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc26.22 yr (9,578 days)     
Aphelion2.9977 AU
Perihelion2.2438 AU
2.6207 AU
Eccentricity0.1438
4.24 yr (1,550 days)
137.65°
Inclination7.9972°
160.38°
128.28°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions9.329±0.056 km[4]
7.71±3.44 km[5]
11.11 km (calculated)[3]
3.78±0.04 h[6]
0.0694±0.0090[4]
0.130±0.086[5]
0.057 (assumed)[3]
C [3]
13.5[1][3]
13.4[4]
13.40[5]

12696 Camus, provisional designation 1989 SF1, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the middle region of the asteroid belt, about 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at ESO's La Silla Observatory in northern Chile on 26 September 1989.[7]

The dark C-type asteroid orbits the Sun at a distance of 2.2–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 3 months (1,550 days). Its orbit shows an eccentricity of 0.14 and an inclination of 8 degrees from the plane of the ecliptic.[1] In 2006, a photometric light-curve analysis by Julian Oey at the Leura Observatory (E17) in Australia rendered rotation period of 3.78±0.04 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.40 in magnitude (Q=3-).[6]

According to NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, the asteroid has an albedo of of 0.07 and 0.13 with a corresponding diameter of 9.3 and 7.7 kilometers, respectively.[4][5] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) assumes a lower albedo of 0.057 and consequently calculates a larger diameter of 11.1 kilometer, as the lower the albedo (reflectivity), the larger the asteroid for a given absolute magnitude (brightness).[3]

The minor planet was named after French philosopher, author, and journalist, Albert Camus (1913–1960), who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1957. He is best known for his novels L'Etranger (The Stranger) and La Peste (The Plague). He defended truth, moderation and justice, adhering to liberal humanism and rejecting the dogmatic aspects of both Christianity and Marxism.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 12696 Camus (1989 SF1)" (2015-12-17 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved February 2016. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  2. ^ a b Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (12696) Camus. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 787. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved February 2016. {{cite book}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f "LCDB Data for (12696) Camus". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved February 2016. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  4. ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90. Retrieved February 2016. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  5. ^ a b c d Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved February 2016. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  6. ^ a b Oey, Julian; Vilagi, J.; Gajdos, S.; Kornos, L.; Galad, A. (September 2007). "Light curve Analysis of 8 Asteroids from Leura and Other Collaborating Observatories". Bulletin of the Minor Planets. 34 (3). Section of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers: 81–83. Bibcode:2007MPBu...34...81O. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved February 2016. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
  7. ^ "12696 Camus (1989 SF1)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved February 2016. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

External links

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