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{{Infobox planet
'''1023 Thomana''' is a 58&nbsp;km main-belt [[asteroid]].<ref>http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1023</ref> It was discovered by [[Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth]] on June 25, 1924. Its provisional designation was '''1924 RU'''. It was named after the boys' choir of [[St. Thomas' Church, Leipzig|St. Thomas Church]] in [[Leipzig]], Germany.<ref>[http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/125947.html Dictionary of Minor Planet Names: (1023) Thomana]</ref>
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1023 Thomana
| background = #D6D6D6
| image =
| image_size =
| caption =
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| discovered = 25 June 1924
| discoverer = [[Karl Reinmuth|K. Reinmuth]]
| discovery_site = [[Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory|Heidelberg Obs.]]
| mpc_name = (1023) Thomana
| alt_names = 1924 RU{{·}}1936 RG
| pronounced =
| named_after = {{nowrap|[[St. Thomas Choir of Leipzig]]}}<br />{{small|(German [[boys' choir]])}}<ref name="springer" />
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|outer]])}}&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" />
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| observation_arc = 92.86 yr (33,916 days)
| aphelion = 3.4893 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| perihelion = 2.8442 AU
| semimajor = 3.1667 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1019
| period = 5.64 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (2,058 days)
| mean_anomaly = 107.00[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.1749|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 10.078°
| asc_node = 194.32°
| arg_peri = 194.19°
| dimensions = {{val|53.28|20.25}} km<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|58.27|1.6}} km {{small|([[IRAS]]:11)}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|61.02|1.00}} km<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|61.34|4.17}} km<ref name="Masiero-2012" />
| rotation = {{val|17.56|0.05}} h<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|17.56|0.01}} h<ref name="Brinsfield-2010d" /><br />{{val|17.561|0.007}} [[Hour|h]]<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|17.5611|0.0005}} h<ref name="Hanus-2016a" />
| albedo = {{val|0.05|0.05}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.059|0.012}}<ref name="Masiero-2012" /><br />{{val|0.060|0.002}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|0.0649|0.004}} {{small|(IRAS:11)}}<ref name="SIMPS" />
| spectral_type = [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] = [[G-type asteroid|G]]&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}[[G-type asteroid|G]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] = 0.764<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|U–B]] = 0.493<ref name="jpldata" />
| abs_magnitude = 9.76<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" />{{·}}9.99<ref name="Nugent-2016" />{{·}}{{val|10.26|0.57}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />
}}


'''1023 Thomana''', provisional designation {{mpf|1924 RU}}, is a rare-type carbonaceous [[asteroid]] from the outer regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 58 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 25 June 1924, by German astronomer [[Karl Reinmuth]] at [[Heidelberg Observatory]] in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the [[St. Thomas Choir of Leipzig]].<ref name="MPC-Thomana" />
==References==
{{Reflist}}


== Classification and orbit ==
==External links==

* {{JPL small body}}
''Thomana'' orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|outer]] main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.5&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 5 years and 8 months (2,058 days). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.10 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 10[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The asteroid's [[observation arc]] begins at Heidelberg, one night after its official discovery observation.<ref name="MPC-Thomana" />

== Physical characteristics ==

In the [[Tholen classification]], ''Thomana'' is an uncommon carbonaceous [[G-type asteroid]].<ref name="jpldata" />

=== Rotation period ===

Between 2006 and 2009, three rotational [[lightcurve]]s of ''Thomana'' were obtained from photometric observations by astronomers James Brinsfield, [[Pierre Antonini]] as well as [[René Roy (astronomer)|René Roy]] and [[Laurent Bernasconi]]. Lightcurve analysis gave a concurring [[rotation period]] of 17.56 hours with a brightness variation between 0.27 and 0.36 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=2/2/3-]]}}).<ref name="geneva-obs" /><ref name="Brinsfield-2010d" />

=== Spin axis ===

In 2016, an international study modeled a lightcurve from various data sources with a period of 17.5611 hours and found two [[spin axis]] of (86.0°, −65.0°) and (272.0°, −42.0°), respectively, in [[Ecliptic coordinate system|ecliptic coordinates]] (λ,&thinsp;β) ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|Q=n.a.]]}}).<ref name="Hanus-2016a" />

=== Diameter and albedo ===

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]], the Japanese [[Akari (satellite)|Akari]] satellite, and NASA's [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] with its subsequent [[NEOWISE]] mission, ''Thomana'' measures between 53.28 and 61.34 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] between 0.05 and 0.065.<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="Masiero-2012" /> The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is an albedo of 0.0649 and a diameter of 58.27 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 9.76.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This [[minor planet]] was named by the discoverer after the [[St. Thomas Choir of Leipzig]] ("Thomanerchor"), a [[boys' choir|boys' choir]] at [[St. Thomas' Church, Leipzig|St. Thomas Church]] in Leipzig, Germany, where [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] used to work as music director. The official naming citation was published by [[Paul Herget]] in ''[[The Names of the Minor Planets]]'' in 1955 ({{small|[[Herget's discovery circumstances|H 98]]; [[Lutz D. Schmadel|LDS]]}}).<ref name="springer" />

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-05-04 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1023 Thomana (1924 RU)
|url = http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001023
|publisher = Jet Propulsion Laboratory
|accessdate = 3 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1023) Thomana
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = Springer Berlin Heidelberg
|page = 88
|date = 2007
|url = http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1024
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|accessdate = 3 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-Thomana">{{cite web
|title = 1023 Thomana (1924 RU)
|work = Minor Planet Center
|url = http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1023
|accessdate = 3 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="geneva-obs">{{cite web
|title = Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1023) Thomana
|last = Behrend |first = Raoul
|publisher = Geneva Observatory
|url = http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page3cou.html#001023
|accessdate = 3 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1023) Thomana
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1023%7CThomana
|accessdate = 3 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="SIMPS">{{cite journal
|first1 = E. F. |last1 = Tedesco
|first2 = P. V. |last2 = Noah
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|first4 = S. D. |last4 = Price
|date = October 2004
|title = IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2004PDSS...12.....T
|journal = NASA Planetary Data System
|bibcode = 2004PDSS...12.....T
|access-date= 3 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="AKARI">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Fumihiko |last1 = Usui
|first2 = Daisuke |last2 = Kuroda
|first3 = Thomas G. |last3 = Müller
|first4 = Sunao |last4 = Hasegawa
|first5 = Masateru |last5 = Ishiguro
|first6 = Takafumi |last6 = Ootsubo
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|first10 = Shinki |last10 = Oyabu
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|first13 = Takashi |last13 = Onaka
|date = October 2011
|title = Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey
|url = http://pasj.oxfordjournals.org/content/63/5/1117.full.pdf+html
|journal = Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
|volume = 63
|issue = 5
|pages = 1117–1138
|bibcode = 2011PASJ...63.1117U
|doi = 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117
|access-date= 3 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Masiero-2012">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Joseph R. |last1 = Masiero
|first2 = A. K. |last2 = Mainzer
|first3 = T. |last3 = Grav
|first4 = J. M. |last4 = Bauer
|first5 = R. M. |last5 = Cutri
|first6 = C. |last6 = Nugent
|first7 = M. S. |last7 = Cabrera
|date = November 2012
|title = Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M
|journal = The Astrophysical Journal Letters
|volume = 759
|issue = 1
|page = 5
|bibcode = 2012ApJ...759L...8M
|doi = 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8
|arxiv = 1209.5794
|access-date= 3 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Nugent-2016">{{cite journal
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|first2 = A. |last2 = Mainzer
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|first6 = T. |last6 = Grav
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|first8 = S. |last8 = Sonnett
|first9 = E. L. |last9 = Wright
|date = September 2016
|title = NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2016AJ....152...63N
|journal = The Astronomical Journal
|volume = 152
|issue = 3
|page = 12
|bibcode = 2016AJ....152...63N
|doi = 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63
|arxiv = 1606.08923
|access-date= 3 August 2017}}</ref>

<ref name="Brinsfield-2010d">{{Cite journal
|author = Brinsfield, James W.
|date = April 2010
|title = Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Via Capote Observatory: 4th Quarter 2009
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2010MPBu...37...50B
|journal = The Minor Planet Bulletin
|volume = 37
|issue = 2
|pages = 50–53
|issn = 1052-8091
|bibcode = 2010MPBu...37...50B
|access-date= 3 August 2017}}</ref>

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}} <!-- end of reflist -->

== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info])
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{JPL small body|title=1023 Thomana (1924 RU)|id=2001023}}


{{Minor planets navigator|1022 Olympiada|number=1023|1024 Hale}}
{{Minor planets navigator|1022 Olympiada|number=1023|1024 Hale}}
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[[Category:G-type asteroids (Tholen)]]
[[Category:G-type asteroids (Tholen)]]
[[Category:Named minor planets|Thomana]]
[[Category:Named minor planets|Thomana]]


{{Beltasteroid-stub}}

Revision as of 10:07, 3 August 2017

1023 Thomana
Discovery [1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date25 June 1924
Designations
(1023) Thomana
Named after
St. Thomas Choir of Leipzig
(German boys' choir)[2]
1924 RU · 1936 RG
main-belt · (outer) [3]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc92.86 yr (33,916 days)
Aphelion3.4893 AU
Perihelion2.8442 AU
3.1667 AU
Eccentricity0.1019
5.64 yr (2,058 days)
107.00°
0° 10m 29.64s / day
Inclination10.078°
194.32°
194.19°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions53.28±20.25 km[4]
58.27±1.6 km (IRAS:11)[5]
61.02±1.00 km[6]
61.34±4.17 km[7]
17.56±0.05 h[8]
17.56±0.01 h[9]
17.561±0.007 h[8]
17.5611±0.0005 h[10]
0.05±0.05[4]
0.059±0.012[7]
0.060±0.002[6]
0.0649±0.004 (IRAS:11)[5]
Tholen = G [1] · G [3]
B–V = 0.764[1]
U–B = 0.493[1]
9.76[1][3][5][6][7] · 9.99[4] · 10.26±0.57[11]

1023 Thomana, provisional designation 1924 RU, is a rare-type carbonaceous asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 58 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 25 June 1924, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the St. Thomas Choir of Leipzig.[12]

Classification and orbit

Thomana orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.5 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,058 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.10 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The asteroid's observation arc begins at Heidelberg, one night after its official discovery observation.[12]

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Thomana is an uncommon carbonaceous G-type asteroid.[1]

Rotation period

Between 2006 and 2009, three rotational lightcurves of Thomana were obtained from photometric observations by astronomers James Brinsfield, Pierre Antonini as well as René Roy and Laurent Bernasconi. Lightcurve analysis gave a concurring rotation period of 17.56 hours with a brightness variation between 0.27 and 0.36 magnitude (U=2/2/3-).[8][9]

Spin axis

In 2016, an international study modeled a lightcurve from various data sources with a period of 17.5611 hours and found two spin axis of (86.0°, −65.0°) and (272.0°, −42.0°), respectively, in ecliptic coordinates (λ, β) (Q=n.a.).[10]

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Thomana measures between 53.28 and 61.34 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.05 and 0.065.[4][5][6][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link adopts the results obtained by IRAS, that is an albedo of 0.0649 and a diameter of 58.27 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.76.[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named by the discoverer after the St. Thomas Choir of Leipzig ("Thomanerchor"), a boys' choir at St. Thomas Church in Leipzig, Germany, where Johann Sebastian Bach used to work as music director. The official naming citation was published by Paul Herget in The Names of the Minor Planets in 1955 (H 98; LDS).[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1023 Thomana (1924 RU)" (2017-05-04 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  2. ^ a b Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1023) Thomana. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 88. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  3. ^ a b c d "LCDB Data for (1023) Thomana". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 3 August 2017.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ a b c d Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  7. ^ a b c d Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  8. ^ a b c Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1023) Thomana". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  9. ^ a b Brinsfield, James W. (April 2010). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Via Capote Observatory: 4th Quarter 2009". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (2): 50–53. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37...50B. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  10. ^ a b Hanus, J.; Durech, J.; Oszkiewicz, D. A.; Behrend, R.; Carry, B.; Delbo, M.; et al. (February 2016). "New and updated convex shape models of asteroids based on optical data from a large collaboration network" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 586: 24. arXiv:1510.07422. Bibcode:2016A&A...586A.108H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527441. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  11. ^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 3 August 2017.
  12. ^ a b "1023 Thomana (1924 RU)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 3 August 2017.

External links

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