Video raster stereography: Difference between revisions
→Clinical use: removing conllection of primary sources |
|||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
'''Video raster stereography''' (abbreviated as '''VRS''') is a computer-based photo-optical procedure that measures the human [[Vertebral column|spine]] and is used in [[medical diagnosis]]. VRS is a [[radiation]]-free supplement to [[X-ray|x-ray procedures]] and can contribute to reduce a patient's exposure to radiation by follow-up examinations. |
'''Video raster stereography''' (abbreviated as '''VRS''') is a computer-based photo-optical procedure that measures the human [[Vertebral column|spine]] and is used in [[medical diagnosis]]. VRS is a [[radiation]]-free supplement to [[X-ray|x-ray procedures]] and can contribute to reduce a patient's exposure to radiation by follow-up examinations. |
||
== Medical use == |
|||
=== Clinical use === |
|||
[[File:Formetric 4D 12x14cm RGB.jpg|thumb]] |
[[File:Formetric 4D 12x14cm RGB.jpg|thumb]] |
||
Video raster stereography can be used in varoius clinical contexts: |
|||
* Diagnosis of: |
|||
** [[unequal leg length]]<ref name=":0" /> |
|||
* Therapy and Monitoring: |
|||
** customization of braces<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Śliwiński|first=Grzegorz|last2=Zeckay|first2=Ralf|last3=Malberg|first3=Hagen|last4=Diers|first4=Helmut|last5=Śliwiński|first5=Zbigniew|last6=Werner|first6=Michael|last7=Rietze|first7=Jessica|date=2014-12-04|title=Universal brace simulation platform|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-7161-9-S1-O55|journal=Scoliosis|volume=9|issue=1|pages=O55|doi=10.1186/1748-7161-9-S1-O55|issn=1748-7161}}</ref>[[corset|<nowiki/>]] |
|||
== Mechanism == |
== Mechanism == |
||
Revision as of 04:46, 30 October 2017
Video raster stereography (abbreviated as VRS) is a computer-based photo-optical procedure that measures the human spine and is used in medical diagnosis. VRS is a radiation-free supplement to x-ray procedures and can contribute to reduce a patient's exposure to radiation by follow-up examinations.
Mechanism
Video raster stereography uses triangulation to determine position of the vertebrae. A projector projects a grid of lines on the exposed back of the patient. A software then analyses the bending of the lines and uses photogrammetry to render a threedimensional of the surface of the back, similar to a digital plaster cast. Using the surface curvature and precise anatomical bearings, the software can render a threedimensional model of the spine and the position of the pelvis. In contrast to x-ray examinations, video raster stereography can deliver precise results regarding body static and posture, e.g. spinal curvature and vertebral body rotation.[1][2]
During the measurement process, the patient is positioned at a distance of two meters from the measuring system. The examination room should be slightly dimmed to ensure that the grid of lines on the back of the patient is easily visible. The measuring itself takes only a few seconds.
History
Foundations for video raster stereography were laid by the Department of Experimental Biomechanics at the University of Münster in the 1980s[3]. Research on a radiation-free procedure to measure the human spine started after studies had shown that the high level of radiation that scoliosis patients were exposed to led to significantly higher cancer rates. Female scoliosis patients were twice as likely to develop breast cancer during their lifetime compared to women without scoliosis[4]. As scoliotic diseases are often discovered during puberty and progression of the disease is especially fast during this age, regular examinations remain necessary. The fact that radiation is particularly dangerous when the patient is young therefore posed a dilemma for doctors.
In the early 1990s, the first medically certified product, DIERS formetric, was released. In the following years, VRS established a good reputation and has since been used for medical diagnosis. Due to its sensitivity and the reproducibility of the results, the scope of application has widened and includes (as of 2017) orthodontics and sports medicine.
References
- ^ Knott, Patrick; Sturm, Peter; Lonner, Baron; Cahill, Patrick; Betsch, Marcel; McCarthy, Richard; Kelly, Michael; Lenke, Lawrence; Betz, Randal. "Multicenter Comparison of 3D Spinal Measurements Using Surface Topography With Those From Conventional Radiography". Spine Deformity. 4 (2): 98–103. doi:10.1016/j.jspd.2015.08.008.
- ^ Tabard-Fougère, Anne; Bonnefoy-Mazure, Alice; Hanquinet, Sylviane; Lascombes, Pierre; Armand, Stéphane; Dayer, Romain (2017-01-15). "Validity and Reliability of Spine Rasterstereography in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis". SPINE. 42 (2): 98–105. doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000001679. ISSN 0362-2436.
- ^ Frobin, W.; Hierholzer, E. (January 1983). "Rasterstereography: a photogrammetric method for measurement of body surfaces". Journal of Biological Photography. 51 (1): 11–17. ISSN 0274-497X. PMID 6853417.
- ^ Hoffman, D. A.; Lonstein, J. E.; Morin, M. M.; Visscher, W.; Harris, B. S.; Boice, J. D. (1989-09-06). "Breast cancer in women with scoliosis exposed to multiple diagnostic x rays". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. 81 (17): 1307–1312. ISSN 0027-8874. PMID 2769783.