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| type = [[Geological formation]]
| type = [[Geological formation]]
| period = Late Cretaceous
| period = Late Cretaceous
| age = [[Upper Cretaceous]],<br>90−83.5 million years ago
| age = [[Upper Cretaceous]],<br>72.1−66 million years ago
| prilithology =
| prilithology =
| otherlithology =
| otherlithology =
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==Geology==
==Geology==
Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the Adamantina Formation.<ref name="cretaceousdistribution">Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 600-604. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.</ref> According to most studies,<ref name=TC05>{{cite journal |last=Turner |first=A.H. |author2=Calvo, J.O. |year=2005 |title=A new sebecosuchian crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=87–98 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0087:ANSCFT]2.0.CO;2}}</ref><ref name=Brasiliguana>{{cite journal |last=Nava |first=William R. |author2=Agustín G. Martinelli |year=2011 |title=A new squamate lizard from the Upper Cretaceous Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group), São Paulo State, Brazil |url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/aabc/v83n1/v83n1a17.pdf |journal=Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências |volume=83 |issue=1 |pages=291–299 |ISSN=0001-3765 |doi=10.1590/S0001-37652011000100017}}</ref><ref name=TS10>{{cite journal |last=Turner |first=A.H. |author2=Sertich, J.W. |year=2010 |title=Phylogenetic history of ''Simosuchus clarki'' (Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=30 |issue=6, Memoir 10 |pages=177–236 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2010.532348}}</ref><ref name=Campinasuchus/> the Adamantina Formation dates from the [[Turonian]] to the [[Santonian]] stage (90-83.5 million years ago) of the late [[Cretaceous]], although some studies found much younger age - [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]] (83.5-66 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous.<ref name=Andrade2008>{{cite journal |author1=Marco Brandalise de Andrade |author2=Reinaldo J. Bertini |year=2008 |title=A new ''Sphagesaurus'' (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Group, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae |url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a902521089~frm=titlelink |journal=Historical Biology |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=101–136 |doi=10.1080/08912960701642949}}</ref><ref name=Nascimento10>{{cite journal |authors=Paulo Miranda Nascimento and Hussam Zaher |year=2010 |title=A new species of ''Baurusuchus'' (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil, with the first complete postcranial skeleton described from the family Baurusuchidae |url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/paz/v50n21/a01v5021.pdf |journal=Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia |volume=50 |issue=21 |pages=323‑361 |doi=10.1590/s0031-10492010002100001}}</ref>
Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the Adamantina Formation.<ref name="cretaceousdistribution">Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 600-604. {{ISBN|0-520-24209-2}}.</ref> According to traditional studies,<ref name=TC05>{{cite journal |last=Turner |first=A.H. |author2=Calvo, J.O. |year=2005 |title=A new sebecosuchian crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=25 |issue=1 |pages=87–98 |doi=10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0087:ANSCFT]2.0.CO;2}}</ref><ref name=Brasiliguana>{{cite journal |last=Nava |first=William R. |author2=Agustín G. Martinelli |year=2011 |title=A new squamate lizard from the Upper Cretaceous Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group), São Paulo State, Brazil |url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/aabc/v83n1/v83n1a17.pdf |journal=Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências |volume=83 |issue=1 |pages=291–299 |ISSN=0001-3765 |doi=10.1590/S0001-37652011000100017}}</ref><ref name=TS10>{{cite journal |last=Turner |first=A.H. |author2=Sertich, J.W. |year=2010 |title=Phylogenetic history of ''Simosuchus clarki'' (Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |volume=30 |issue=6, Memoir 10 |pages=177–236 |doi=10.1080/02724634.2010.532348}}</ref><ref name=Campinasuchus/> the Adamantina Formation dates from the [[Turonian]] to the [[Santonian]] stage (90-83.5 million years ago) of the late [[Cretaceous]], although more recent studies have found a much younger age - [[Campanian]] to [[Maastrichtian]] (83.5-66 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous.<ref name=Andrade2008>{{cite journal |author1=Marco Brandalise de Andrade |author2=Reinaldo J. Bertini |year=2008 |title=A new ''Sphagesaurus'' (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Group, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae |url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a902521089~frm=titlelink |journal=Historical Biology |volume=20 |issue=2 |pages=101–136 |doi=10.1080/08912960701642949}}</ref><ref name=Nascimento10>{{cite journal |authors=Paulo Miranda Nascimento and Hussam Zaher |year=2010 |title=A new species of ''Baurusuchus'' (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil, with the first complete postcranial skeleton described from the family Baurusuchidae |url=http://www.scielo.br/pdf/paz/v50n21/a01v5021.pdf |journal=Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia |volume=50 |issue=21 |pages=323‑361 |doi=10.1590/s0031-10492010002100001}}</ref><ref name=Brusatte17>{{cite journal | first1= Stephen L. | last1 = Brusatte | first2 = Carolos R.A. | last2 = Candiero | first3 = Felipe M. | last3 = Simbras | title = The Last Dinosaurs of Brazil: The Bauru Group and its implications for the end of the Cretaceous mass extinction | journal = Anias de Academia Brasileira de Ceincias | volume = 89 | issue = 3 | year = 2017 | doi = 10.1590/0001-3765201720160918 }}</ref> An unpublished article abstract revealed at the Society of Vertebrate of Paleontology 2017 also argues that the [[Allen Formation]], Loncoche, and [[Los Alamitos Formations]] are all contemporaries and are no later than 72.1Ma in age.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vertpaleo.org/Annual-Meeting/Annual-Meeting-Home/SVP-2017-program-book.aspx |title=AGE OF THE ADAMANTINA FORMATION, UPPER BAURU GROUP, LATE CRETACEOUS, BRAZIL |archivedate=November 3, 2017 }}</ref>


=== Geological setting ===
=== Geological setting ===

Revision as of 10:19, 3 November 2017

Adamantina Formation
Stratigraphic range: Upper Cretaceous,
72.1−66 million years ago
TypeGeological formation
Unit ofBauru Group
UnderliesUberaba Formation
OverliesSanto Anastacio Formation,
Caiua Formation
Location
RegionBauru Basin,
São Paulo state
Country Brazil

The Adamantina Formation is a geological formation in the Bauru Basin of western São Paulo state, in southeastern Brazil.

Its strata date back to the Late Cretaceous epoch of the Cretaceous Period, during the Mesozoic Era. The formation is part of the Bauru Group in the northeastern Paraná Basin.

Geology

Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the Adamantina Formation.[1] According to traditional studies,[2][3][4][5] the Adamantina Formation dates from the Turonian to the Santonian stage (90-83.5 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous, although more recent studies have found a much younger age - Campanian to Maastrichtian (83.5-66 million years ago) of the late Cretaceous.[6][7][8] An unpublished article abstract revealed at the Society of Vertebrate of Paleontology 2017 also argues that the Allen Formation, Loncoche, and Los Alamitos Formations are all contemporaries and are no later than 72.1Ma in age.[9]

Geological setting

During the Early Jurassic, the supercontinent Pangea started to drift apart due to the breakup of Gondwana and Laurasia.[10] The breakup of Gondwana caused the formation of the large Parana Basin. This basin has a size of ~1,100,000km2 and can be found not only in Brazil but also in Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina.[11] The separation of the supercontinent and the breakup of Brazil and Africa was accompanied by volcanism that caused large eruptions of flood basalts. These volcanic rocks formed the Serra Geral Formation which underlies the deposits of the Bauru Group.[11]

The Bauru Basin is a trough that, as Miall (1990) argues,[12] evolved due to “thermo-mechanical subsidence” during the Late Cretaceous, probably due to the breakup of Africa and India.[10] The sediments reach a thickness of up to ~300 m and consist mainly of siliciclastic sediments.[13] The Bauru Group can be subdivided into five different formations [11][14][15][16] from bottom to top: Caiua, Santo Anastacio, Adamantina, and Uberaba. Not all formations are equally well represented in the different states and differences occur according their sedimentary composition and therefore also in their naming.[11]

Vertebrate paleofauna

Crurotarsans

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Crocodylomorphs of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images

Adamantinasuchus[17]

A. navae

Six specimens and several isolated bone remains.

A notosuchian

Adamantinasuchus
Armadillosuchus
Baurusuchus salgadoensis
Mariliasuchus amarali

Armadillosuchus[18]

A. arrudai

A notosuchian

Barreirosuchus[19]

B. franciscoi

A trematochampsid

Baurusuchus

B. albertoi[7]

A baurusuchid

B. pachechoi[20]

A baurusuchid

B. salgadoensis[20]

A baurusuchid

Brasileosaurus[20]

B. pachecoi[20]

Caipirasuchus[21]

C. paulistanus

A sphagesaurid

Campinasuchus[5]

C. dinizi

A baurusuchid

Caryonosuchus[22]

C. pricei

A sphagesaurid

Goniopholis[20]

G. paulistanus

Known only from two isolated teeth.[19]

A goniopholidid

Mariliasuchus

M. amarali[20]

Very common. Several specimens - juvenile and adults – with skull articulated to skeleton, and many isolated materials. Eggs clutches, eggshells and coprolites was found also.

A notosuchian

M. robustus[23]

A notosuchian

Montealtosuchus[24]

M. arrudacamposi

A peirosaurid

Morrinhosuchus[25]

M. luziae

A notosuchian

Sphagesaurus

S. huenei[20]

A sphagesaurid

S. montealtensis[6]

A sphagesaurid

Stratiotosuchus[17]

S. maxhechti

A baurusuchid

Ornithodirans

Indeterminate dinosaur remains are known from the formation.[1]

Dinosaurs of the Adamantina Formation
Genus Species Location Stratigraphic position Material Notes Images

Abelisauridae[26]

Indeterminate

"fragment of rt. premaxilla and a tooth"

Adamantisaurus[27]

A. mezzalirai

Adamantisaurus mezzalirai

Aeolosaurus[28]

A. maximus

"Single partially articulated skeleton."

Antarctosaurus

"A." brasiliensis

"Postcranial remains."[29]

Gondwanatitan

G. faustoi

"Partial postcranial skeleton."[30]

Maxakalisaurus[31]

M. topai

Pycnonemosaurus

P. nevesi

5 incomplete teeth, 7 caudal vertebrae, part of right pubis, right tibia, and an articulation of the right fibula

Unenlagiinae indet.[32]

A single dorsal vertebra.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Late Cretaceous, South America)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 600-604. ISBN 0-520-24209-2.
  2. ^ Turner, A.H.; Calvo, J.O. (2005). "A new sebecosuchian crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 25 (1): 87–98. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025[0087:ANSCFT]2.0.CO;2.
  3. ^ Nava, William R.; Agustín G. Martinelli (2011). "A new squamate lizard from the Upper Cretaceous Adamantina Formation (Bauru Group), São Paulo State, Brazil" (PDF). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (1): 291–299. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000100017. ISSN 0001-3765.
  4. ^ Turner, A.H.; Sertich, J.W. (2010). "Phylogenetic history of Simosuchus clarki (Crocodyliformes: Notosuchia) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 30 (6, Memoir 10): 177–236. doi:10.1080/02724634.2010.532348.
  5. ^ a b "Campinasuchus dinizi gen. et sp. nov., a new Late Cretaceous baurusuchid (Crocodyliformes) from the Bauru Basin, Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa. 2871: 19–42. 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  6. ^ a b Marco Brandalise de Andrade; Reinaldo J. Bertini (2008). "A new Sphagesaurus (Mesoeucrocodylia: Notosuchia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Monte Alto City (Bauru Group, Brazil), and a revision of the Sphagesauridae". Historical Biology. 20 (2): 101–136. doi:10.1080/08912960701642949.
  7. ^ a b "A new species of Baurusuchus (Crocodyliformes, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Brazil, with the first complete postcranial skeleton described from the family Baurusuchidae" (PDF). Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia. 50 (21): 323‑361. 2010. doi:10.1590/s0031-10492010002100001. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  8. ^ Brusatte, Stephen L.; Candiero, Carolos R.A.; Simbras, Felipe M. (2017). "The Last Dinosaurs of Brazil: The Bauru Group and its implications for the end of the Cretaceous mass extinction". Anias de Academia Brasileira de Ceincias. 89 (3). doi:10.1590/0001-3765201720160918.
  9. ^ "AGE OF THE ADAMANTINA FORMATION, UPPER BAURU GROUP, LATE CRETACEOUS, BRAZIL". {{cite web}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)
  10. ^ a b Rabassa, J. (2014). Some concepts on Gondwana landscapes: long-term landscape evolution, genesis, distribution and age. In Gondwana Landscapes in southern South America (pp. 9-46). Springer Netherlands.
  11. ^ a b c d Goldberg, K., & Garcia, A. J. (2000). Palaeobiogeography of the Bauru Group, a dinosaur-bearing Cretaceous unit, northeastern Paraná Basin, Brazil. Cretaceous Research, 21(2), 241-254
  12. ^ Miall, A. D. (1990). Principles of sedimentary basin analysis (Vol. 633, p. 499). New York: Springer-Verlag.
  13. ^ Candeiro, C. R. A., Abranches, C. T., Abrantes, E. A., Avilla, L. D. S., Martins, V. C., Moreira, A. L., ... & Bergqvist, L. P. (2004). Dinosaurs remains from western São Paulo state, Brazil (Bauru Basin, Adamantina Formation, Upper Cretaceous). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 18(1), 1-10.
  14. ^ Soares, P. C., Landim, P. M. B., Fulfaro, V. J., & Neto, A. S. (1980). Ensaio de caracterização estratigráfica do Cretáceo no estado de São Paulo: Grupo Bauru. Revista Brasileira de Geociências, 10(3), 177-185.
  15. ^ Souza Jr, J. J. (1984). O Grupo Bauru na porcao mais setentrional da Bacia Sedimentar do Paraná. In 33 Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, Rio de Janeiro (Vol. 2, pp. 944-957).
  16. ^ Dias-Brito, D., Musacchio, E. A., de Castro, J. C., Maranhão, M. S. A. S., Suárez, J. M., & Rodrigues, R. (2001). Grupo Bauru: uma unidade continental do Cretáceo no Brasil-concepções baseadas em dados micropaleontológicos, isotópicos e estratigráficos. Revue de Paléobiologie, 20(1), 245-304.
  17. ^ a b Nobre, Pedro Henrique; Carvalho, Ismar de Souza (2006). "Adamantinasuchus navae: A new Gondwanan Crocodylomorpha (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 10: 370–378. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2006.05.008. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2011-07-06. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ Marinho, Thiago S.; Carvalho, Ismar S. (2009). "An armadillo-like sphagesaurid crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 27 (1): 36–41. Bibcode:2009JSAES..27...36M. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2008.11.005.
  19. ^ a b Fabiano Vidoi Iori; Karina Lucia Garcia (2012). "Barreirosuchus franciscoi, um novo Crocodylomorpha Trematochampsidae da Bacia Bauru, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Geociências. 42 (2): 397–410. doi:10.5327/z0375-75362012000200013.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g "Baurusuchus salgadoensis, a new Crocodylomorpha from the Bauru Basin (Cretaceous), Brazil" (PDF). Gondwana Research. 8 (1): 11–30. 2005. doi:10.1016/S1342-937X(05)70259-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-09-21. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ "Caipirasuchus paulistanus, a new sphagesaurid (Crocodylomorpha, Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Adamantina Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Turonian–Santonian), Bauru Basin, Brazil". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 31 (6): 1255–1264. 2011. doi:10.1080/02724634.2011.602777. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  22. ^ Alexander W. A. Kellner; Diogenes A. Campos; Douglas Riff; Marco Brandalise de Andrade (2011). "A new crocodylomorph (Sphagesauridae, Notosuchia) with horn-like tubercles from Brazil". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 163 (s1): S57–S65. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00712.x.
  23. ^ "Mariliasuchus robustus, a new Crocodylomorpha (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Bauru Basin, Brazil" (pdf). Anuário do Instituto de Geociências. 30 (1): 38–49. 2007. ISSN 0101-9759. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  24. ^ "Montealtosuchus arrudacamposi, a new peirosaurid crocodile (Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous Adamantina Formation of Brazil" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1607: 35–46. 2007. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  25. ^ Iori, F.V.; Carvalho, I.S. (2009). "Morrinhosuchus luziae, um novo Crocodylomorpha Notosuchia da Bacia Bauru, Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Geociências. 39 (4): 717–725.
  26. ^ Ariel H. Méndez, Fernando E. Novas & Fabiano V. Iori (2014) New record of abelisauroid theropods from the Bauru Group (Upper Cretaceous), São Paulo State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 17(1): 23-32 doi:10.4072/rbp.2014.1.03
  27. ^ "A new titanosaur from western São Paulo State, Upper Cretaceous Bauru Group, south-east Brazil". Palaeontology. 49 (1): 171–185. 2006. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  28. ^ "A new sauropod (Macronaria, Titanosauria) from the Adamantina Formation, Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous of Brazil and the phylogenetic relationships of Aeolosaurini" (PDF). Zootaxa. 3085: 1–33. 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  29. ^ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 270.
  30. ^ "Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 269.
  31. ^ "On a new titanosaur sauropod from the Bauru Group, Late Cretaceous of Brazil". Boletim do Museu Nacional (Geologia). 74: 1–31. 2006. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  32. ^ Candeiro, C. R. A.; Cau, A.; Fanti, F.; Nava, W. R.; Novas, F. E. (2012). "First evidence of an unenlagiid (Dinosauria, Theropoda, Maniraptora) from the Bauru Group, Brazil". Cretaceous Research. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2012.04.001.

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