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{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet = yes
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 1217 Maximiliana
| background = #D6D6D6
| background = #D6D6D6
| apsis =
| image = 1217Max-mag16-pjh.jpg
| name = Maximiliana
| symbol =
| image_size = 240
| caption = ''Maximiliana'' (marked "1217") near spiral galaxy NGC 521; imaged by K. and P. J. Heider.
| image =
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| caption =
| discoverer = [[Eugène Delporte|E. Delporte]]
| discovery_ref =
| discovery_site = [[Royal Observatory of Belgium|Uccle Obs.]]
| discoverer = [[E. Delporte]]
| discovered = 13 March 1932
| discovery_site = [[Uccle]]
| mpc_name = (1217) Maximiliana
| discovered = 13 March 1932
| alt_names = 1932 EC{{·}}1925 HC<br />1962 TD
| mpc_name = (1217) Maximiliana
| pronounced =
| alt_names = 1932 EC
| named_after = [[Max Wolf]]
| named_after = [[Max Wolf]]&thinsp;<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(German astronomer)}}
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|inner]])}}<br />{{nowrap|[[Erigone family|Erigone]]&thinsp;<ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}background&thinsp;<ref name="Ferret" />}}
| mp_category =
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| orbit_ref = <ref name="jpldata">{{Cite web |url=http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=1217;cad=1 |title=1217 Maximiliana (1932 EC) |work=[[JPL Small-Body Database]] |publisher=[[NASA]]/[[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]] |access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref>
| epoch = 31 July 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457600.5)
| epoch = 4 September 2017 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458000.5)
| uncertainty = 0
| aphelion = {{Convert|2.7154723|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| observation_arc = 92.59 yr (33,818 days)
| perihelion = {{Convert|1.9906289|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| aphelion = 2.7157 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| semimajor = {{Convert|2.353051|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| perihelion = 1.9901 AU
| eccentricity = 0.1540221
| semimajor = 2.3529 AU
| period = 3.61 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1318.4 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]])
| eccentricity = 0.1542
| avg_speed =
| period = 3.61 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1,318 days)
| inclination = 5.153599°
| mean_anomaly = 196.36[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| asc_node = 148.43662°
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2731|sup=ms}} / day
| mean_anomaly = 87.193831[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| arg_peri = 91.41644°
| inclination = 5.1534°
| asc_node = 148.43°
| satellites =
| arg_peri = 91.464°
| dimensions =
| dimensions = 16.81 km {{small|(calculated)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| mass =
| rotation = {{val|3.1987|0.0001}} [[Hour|h]]{{efn|name=lcdb-Pravec-2015}}
| density =
| albedo = 0.057 {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| surface_grav =
| spectral_type = [[C-type asteroid|C]] {{small|(assumed)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| escape_velocity =
| abs_magnitude = 12.6<ref name="lcdb" />{{·}}12.7<ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{val|12.79|0.15}}<ref name="Veres-2015" />
| sidereal_day =
| axial_tilt =
| pole_ecliptic_lat =
| pole_ecliptic_lon =
| albedo =
| temperatures=
| temp_name1 =
| mean_temp_1 =
| max_temp_1 =
| temp_name2 =
| max_temp_2 =
| spectral_type =
| magnitude = 14.39 to 18.13<ref>Magnitudes generated with JPL Horizons for the years 1950 through 2100</ref>
| abs_magnitude = 12.6
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2730594|sup=ms}} / day
| observation_arc = 90.14 yr (32922 days)
| uncertainty = 0
| rotation = {{Convert|3.1987|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| moid = {{Convert|0.986296|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| jupiter_moid = {{Convert|2.30151|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| tisserand = 3.535
}}
}}
'''1217 Maximiliana''' (1932 EC) is a [[Asteroid belt|main-belt]] [[asteroid]] discovered on March 13, 1932, by [[E. Delporte]] at [[Uccle]]. It was later named in honour after Max Wolf, the founder and director of the Observatory at Heidelberg.<ref name=Schmadel>{{cite book |last= Schmadel |first= Lutz D. |title= Dictionary of Minor Planet Names |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg=PA100&dq=1217+Maximiliana&hl=sv&sa=X&ei=_tzNUqzXHoX_ygOV5YCgBQ&ved=0CEAQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=1217%20Maximiliana&f=false |page=100 |publisher= Springer |date= 2003 |isbn= 3-540-00238-3 }}</ref>


'''1217 Maximiliana''', provisional designation {{mpf|1932 EC}}, is a background [[asteroid]] from the inner regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately 17 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 March 1932, by Belgian astronomer [[Eugène Delporte]] at the [[Royal Observatory of Belgium]] in Uccle.<ref name="MPC-object" /> The asteroid was named in memory of [[Max Wolf]], a German astronomer and discoverer of asteroids himself, who independently discovered this asteroid.<ref name="springer" />
In 1932 there were 188 ''minor'' planets discovered.<ref>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1933MNRAS..93..269. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 93, p.269]</ref>


== Orbit and classification ==
[[File:1217Max-mag16-pjh.jpg|350px|thumb|none|Asteroid 1217 Maximiliana ([[apparent magnitude]] 15.9) near [[spiral galaxy]] NGC 521 (magnitude 13).]]


''Maximiliana'' is a non-[[Asteroid family|family]] asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the [[Hierarchical Clustering Method (asteroids)|hierarchical clustering method]] to its [[proper orbital elements]].<ref name="Ferret" /> Based on osculating Keplerian [[orbital elements]], the asteroid has also been classified as a member of the [[Erigone family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#406|406]]}}), a large [[asteroid family]] named after [[163&nbsp;Erigone]].<ref name="lcdb" />
==References==

{{Reflist}}
It orbits the Sun in the [[Kirkwood gap|inner]] asteroid belt at a distance of 2.0–2.7&nbsp;[[Astronomical unit|AU]] once every 3 years and 7 months (1,318 days; [[semi-major axis]] of 2.35&nbsp;AU). Its orbit has an [[orbital eccentricity|eccentricity]] of 0.15 and an [[orbital inclination|inclination]] of 5[[Degree (angle)|°]] with respect to the [[ecliptic]].<ref name="jpldata" /> The asteroid was first observed as {{mpf|1925 HC}} at Heidelberg in April 1925. The body's [[observation arc]] begins in May 1925, also at Heidelberg, and almost 8 years prior to its official discovery observation at Uccle.<ref name="MPC-object" />

== Physical characteristics ==

''Maximiliana'' is an assumed carbonaceous [[C-type asteroid]].<ref name="lcdb" /> For comparison, members of the Erigone family are typically found to be C- and [[X-type asteroid]]s.<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" />{{rp|23}}

=== Rotation period ===

In March 2015, a rotational [[lightcurve]] of ''Maximiliana'' was obtained from photometric observations by [[Petr Pravec]] at [[Ondřejov Observatory]]. Lightcurve analysis gave a [[rotation period]] of 3.1987 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.21 [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]] ({{small|[[LCDB quality code|U=3-]]}}).{{efn|name=lcdb-Pravec-2015}}

=== Diameter and albedo ===

''Maximiliana'' has not been observed by any of the space-based telescopes such as the the [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]], the [[Akari (satellite)|Akari satellite]] or the Infrared Astronomical Satellite [[IRAS]]. The ''Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link'' assumes a standard [[astronomical albedo|albedo]] for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 16.81 kilometers based on an [[absolute magnitude]] of 12.6.<ref name="lcdb" />

== Naming ==

This [[minor planet]] was named in memory of [[Max Wolf]] (1863–1932), who independently discovered this asteroids the night before its official discovery by Delporte. Wolf was a German astronomer, founder and director of the influential [[Heidelberg Observatory]], and a prolific [[discoverer of minor planets]] and other [[astronomical object]]s himself.<ref name="springer" />

The asteroid was named by the discoverer based on a suggestion by Wolf's widow. The official naming citation was mentioned in ''[[The Names of the Minor Planets]]'' by [[Paul Herget]] in 1955 ({{small|[[Herget's discovery circumstances|H 112]]}}). Asteroid [[827&nbsp;Wolfiana]] was also named in Wolf's honor.<ref name="springer" />

== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=lcdb-Pravec-2015|1=Pravec (2015) web: [http://www.asu.cas.cz/~asteroid/01217.png lightcurve plot of (1217) Maximiliana]]. rotation period {{val|3.1987|0.0001}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.21|0.02}} mag. Quality Code of 3-. Summary figures at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1217%7CMaximiliana LCDB] and [http://www.asu.cas.cz/~ppravec/neo.htm Pravec, P.; Wolf, M.; Sarounova, L. (2015) (2015)] ([http://www.asu.cas.cz/~ppravec/newres.txt data sheet])}}

}} <!-- end of notelist -->

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="jpldata">{{cite web
|type = 2017-11-24 last obs.
|title = JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1217 Maximiliana (1932 EC)
|url = https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001217
|publisher = [[Jet Propulsion Laboratory]]
|accessdate = 12 January 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="springer">{{cite book
|title = Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1217) Maximiliana
|last = Schmadel | first = Lutz D.
|publisher = [[Springer Berlin Heidelberg]]
|page = 101
|date = 2007
|url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160826034908/http://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1218
|isbn = 978-3-540-00238-3
|accessdate = 12 January 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="MPC-object">{{cite web
|title = 1217 Maximiliana (1932 EC)
|work = [[Minor Planet Center]]
|url = https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1217
|accessdate = 12 January 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Ferret">{{cite web
|title = Small Bodies Data Ferret
|work = Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0
|url = https://sbntools.psi.edu/ferret/PropertySearch/familyForm.action
|accessdate = 12 January 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Nesvorny-2014">{{Cite journal
|first1 = D. |last1 = Nesvorný
|first2 = M. |last2 = Broz
|first3 = V. |last3 = Carruba
|date = December 2014
|title = Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families
|url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.01628.pdf
|journal = Asteroids IV
|pages = 297–321
|bibcode = 2015aste.book..297N
|doi = 10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016
|arxiv = 1502.01628
|accessdate = 12 January 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="lcdb">{{cite web
|title = LCDB Data for (1217) Maximiliana
|publisher = Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)
|url = http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=1217%7CMaximiliana
|accessdate = 12 January 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Veres-2015">{{cite journal
|display-authors = 6
|first1 = Peter |last1 = Veres
|first2 = Robert |last2 = Jedicke
|first3 = Alan |last3 = Fitzsimmons
|first4 = Larry |last4 = Denneau
|first5 = Mikael |last5 = Granvik
|first6 = Bryce |last6 = Bolin
|first7 = Serge |last7 = Chastel
|first8 = Richard J. |last8 = Wainscoat
|first9 = William S. |last9 = Burgett
|first10 = Kenneth C. |last10 = Chambers
|first11 = Heather |last11 = Flewelling
|first12 = Nick |last12 = Kaiser
|first13 = Eugen A. |last13 = Magnier
|first14 = Jeff S. |last14 = Morgan
|first15 = Paul A. |last15 = Price
|first16 = John L. |last16 = Tonry
|first17 = Christopher |last17 = Waters
|date = November 2015
|title = Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results
|url = http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V
|journal = Icarus
|volume = 261
|pages = 34–47
|bibcode = 2015Icar..261...34V
|doi = 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007
|arxiv = 1506.00762
|access-date= 12 January 2018}}</ref>

}} <!-- end of reflist -->


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info])
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{JPL small body}}
* {{JPL small body}}


{{Minor planets navigator|1216 Askania|number=1217|1218 Aster}}
{{Minor planets navigator |1216 Askania |number=1217 |1218 Aster}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}


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[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Named minor planets]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1932|19320313]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1932|19320313]]


{{Beltasteroid-stub}}

Revision as of 05:18, 12 January 2018

1217 Maximiliana
Maximiliana (marked "1217") near spiral galaxy NGC 521; imaged by K. and P. J. Heider.
Discovery [1]
Discovered byE. Delporte
Discovery siteUccle Obs.
Discovery date13 March 1932
Designations
(1217) Maximiliana
Named after
Max Wolf [2]
(German astronomer)
1932 EC · 1925 HC
1962 TD
main-belt · (inner)
Erigone [3] · background [4]
Orbital characteristics [1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc92.59 yr (33,818 days)
Aphelion2.7157 AU
Perihelion1.9901 AU
2.3529 AU
Eccentricity0.1542
3.61 yr (1,318 days)
196.36°
0° 16m 23.16s / day
Inclination5.1534°
148.43°
91.464°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions16.81 km (calculated)[3]
3.1987±0.0001 h[a]
0.057 (assumed)[3]
C (assumed)[3]
12.6[3] · 12.7[1] · 12.79±0.15[5]

1217 Maximiliana, provisional designation 1932 EC, is a background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 13 March 1932, by Belgian astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle.[6] The asteroid was named in memory of Max Wolf, a German astronomer and discoverer of asteroids himself, who independently discovered this asteroid.[2]

Orbit and classification

Maximiliana is a non-family asteroid of the main belt's background population when applying the hierarchical clustering method to its proper orbital elements.[4] Based on osculating Keplerian orbital elements, the asteroid has also been classified as a member of the Erigone family (406), a large asteroid family named after 163 Erigone.[3]

It orbits the Sun in the inner asteroid belt at a distance of 2.0–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 7 months (1,318 days; semi-major axis of 2.35 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 5° with respect to the ecliptic.[1] The asteroid was first observed as 1925 HC at Heidelberg in April 1925. The body's observation arc begins in May 1925, also at Heidelberg, and almost 8 years prior to its official discovery observation at Uccle.[6]

Physical characteristics

Maximiliana is an assumed carbonaceous C-type asteroid.[3] For comparison, members of the Erigone family are typically found to be C- and X-type asteroids.[7]: 23 

Rotation period

In March 2015, a rotational lightcurve of Maximiliana was obtained from photometric observations by Petr Pravec at Ondřejov Observatory. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 3.1987 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.21 magnitude (U=3-).[a]

Diameter and albedo

Maximiliana has not been observed by any of the space-based telescopes such as the the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, the Akari satellite or the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS. The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes a standard albedo for carbonaceous asteroids of 0.057 and calculates a diameter of 16.81 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 12.6.[3]

Naming

This minor planet was named in memory of Max Wolf (1863–1932), who independently discovered this asteroids the night before its official discovery by Delporte. Wolf was a German astronomer, founder and director of the influential Heidelberg Observatory, and a prolific discoverer of minor planets and other astronomical objects himself.[2]

The asteroid was named by the discoverer based on a suggestion by Wolf's widow. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 112). Asteroid 827 Wolfiana was also named in Wolf's honor.[2]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Pravec (2015) web: lightcurve plot of (1217) Maximiliana]. rotation period 3.1987±0.0001 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.21±0.02 mag. Quality Code of 3-. Summary figures at the LCDB and Pravec, P.; Wolf, M.; Sarounova, L. (2015) (2015) (data sheet)

References

  1. ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1217 Maximiliana (1932 EC)" (2017-11-24 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1217) Maximiliana. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 101. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "LCDB Data for (1217) Maximiliana". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  4. ^ a b "Small Bodies Data Ferret". Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  5. ^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  6. ^ a b "1217 Maximiliana (1932 EC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  7. ^ Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families" (PDF). Asteroids IV: 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. Retrieved 12 January 2018.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1217_Maximiliana&oldid=819946047"