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{{Infobox planet
{{Infobox planet
| minorplanet=yes
| minorplanet = yes
| name = 148 Gallia
| background=#D6D6D6
| background = #D6D6D6
| name=148 Gallia
| image =
| discovery_ref=<ref>[http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/iau/lists/NumberedMPs.html]</ref>
| image_size =
| discoverer=[[Paul Henry and Prosper Henry]]
| caption =
| discovered=7 August 1875
| discovery_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" />
| mpc_name=(148) Gallia
| discoverer = [[Paul Henry and Prosper Henry|P. M. Henry]]
| alt_names=
| discovery_site = Paris
| named_after=[[Gaul]]
| discovered = 7 August 1875
| pronounced={{IPAc-en|'|g|æ|l|i|ə}}
| mpc_name = (148) Gallia
| mp_category=[[Main belt]]
| alt_names =
| orbit_ref=<ref name="JPL"/><ref name="lowell">{{Cite web |url=ftp://ftp.lowell.edu/pub/elgb/astorb.html |website=astorb |title=The Asteroid Orbital Elements Database |publisher=[[Lowell Observatory]]}}</ref>
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|'|g|æ|l|i|ə}}
| epoch=31 July 2016 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2457600.5)
| named_after = [[Gaul]]&thinsp;<ref name="springer" /><br />{{small|(Latin name for [[France]])}}
| semimajor={{Convert|2.77338|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| mp_category = [[main-belt]]&thinsp;<ref name="MPC-object" /><ref name="jpldata" />{{·}}{{small|([[Kirkwood gap|middle]])}}<br />[[Gallia family|Gallia]]&thinsp;<ref name="Ferret" />
| perihelion={{Convert|2.25843|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| orbit_ref = &thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| aphelion={{Convert|3.2883|AU|Gm|abbr=on|lk=on}}
| epoch = 23 March 2018 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2458200.5)
| eccentricity=0.18568
| uncertainty = 0
| period=4.62 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (1687.0 [[Julian year (astronomy)|d]])
| observation_arc = 138.37 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (50,540 d)
| inclination=25.294°
| aphelion = 3.2885 [[Astronomical unit|AU]]
| asc_node=145.062°
| perihelion = 2.2531 AU
| arg_peri=252.697°
| semimajor = 2.7708 AU
| mean_anomaly=150.454[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| eccentricity = 0.1868
| avg_speed=17.74 km/s
| period = 4.61 yr (1,685 d)
| dimensions={{val|97.75|3.7|ul=km}}<ref name="JPL"/><br />83.45 ± 5.07 km<ref name="Carry2012"/>
| mean_anomaly = 278.58[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mass={{nowrap|(4.89 ± 1.67) × 10<sup>18</sup> kg<ref name="Carry2012"/>}}
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.2137|sup=ms}} / day
| density=16.06 ± 6.22 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="Carry2012"/>
| inclination = 25.291°
| surface_grav=0.0273 m/s²
| asc_node = 145.01°
| escape_velocity=0.0517 km/s
| arg_peri = 252.79°
| sidereal_day=
| mean_diameter = {{val|80.87|1.04|ul=km}}<ref name="AKARI" /><br />{{val|83.45|5.07|u=km}}<ref name="Carry-2012"/><br />{{val|85.91|23.39|u=km}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|97.75|3.7|u=km}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />98.09 km {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" />
| axial_tilt=
| mass = {{val|4.89|1.67|e=18|ul=kg}}<ref name="Carry-2012" />
| pole_ecliptic_lat=
| density = {{val|16.06|6.22|u=g/cm3}}<ref name="Carry-2012" />
| pole_ecliptic_lon=
| rotation = {{val|20.6592|0.0007|ul=h}}<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|20.66|0.01|u=h}}<ref name="geneva-obs" /><br />{{val|20.664|u=h}}<ref name="Surdej-1979" /><br />{{val|20.665266|u=h}}{{efn|name=lcdb-Warner-2011}}<br />{{val|20.666|0.002|u=h}}<ref name="Warner-2007h" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-PDO}}
| spectral_type=GU<ref name=icarus1_179/> ([[Tholen classification|Tholen]])
| albedo = {{val|0.1640|0.013}}<ref name="SIMPS" /><br />{{val|0.2013}} {{small|(derived)}}<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|0.21|0.12}}<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|0.240|0.008}}<ref name="AKARI" />
| abs_magnitude=7.63,<ref name="JPL"/> 7.72<ref name="Warner2007b"/>
| spectral_type = [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] {{=}} [[G-type asteroid|G]]U&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[SMASS classification|SMASS]] {{=}} [[S-type asteroid|S]]&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="lcdb" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|B–V]] {{=}} 0.858<ref name="jpldata" /><br />[[Asteroid color indices|U–B]] {{=}} 0.423<ref name="jpldata" />
| rotation={{Convert|20.664|h|d|abbr=on|lk=on}}<ref name="JPL"/><ref name="Surdej1979"/>
| abs_magnitude = {{val|6.97|0.84}}<ref name="Veres-2015" /><br />7.4<ref name="lcdb" /><br />{{val|7.4|0.1}}<ref name="Harris-1992" /><ref name="Pravec-2012b" /><br />7.63<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="AKARI" /><ref name="SIMPS" /><br />7.67<ref name="Nugent-2016" /><br />{{val|7.72|0.10}}<ref name="Warner-2007i" />
| albedo={{val|0.1640|0.013}}
| single_temperature=~167 [[kelvin|K]]
| mean_motion={{Deg2DMS|0.213397|sup=ms}} / day
| observation_arc=136.83 yr (49978 d)
| uncertainty=0
| moid={{Convert|1.37806|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| jupiter_moid={{Convert|2.452|AU|Gm|abbr=on}}
| tisserand=3.173
}}
}}
'''148 Gallia''' (as Greek ''Γαλλία'') is a large [[Asteroid belt|main-belt]] [[asteroid]] that is named after the [[Latin]] name for [[France]]: [[Gaul]]. Gallia was discovered by the French brothers [[Paul Henry and Prosper Henry]] on August 7, 1875, but the credit for this discovery was given to Prosper.<ref name="Schmadel2012"/> Based upon its spectrum, this is a GU-type asteroid in the [[Tholen classification]] taxonomy, while Bus and Binzel (2002) categorize it as an [[S-type asteroid]].<ref name=icarus1_179/>


'''148 Gallia''' (as Greek ''Γαλλία'') is an [[asteroid]] from the central regions of the [[asteroid belt]], approximately {{convert|90|km|mi|abbr=off|sigfig=2|sp=us}} in diameter. It was discovered on 7 August 1875, by the French brothers [[Paul Henry and Prosper Henry]] at the Paris, but the credit for this discovery was given to Prosper.<ref name="MPC-object" /> It was named after the Latin name for the country of France, [[Gaul]].<ref name="springer" /> Based upon its spectrum, it is an unusual [[G-type asteroid]] (GU) and a stony [[S-type asteroid]] in the [[Tholen classification|Tholen]] and [[SMASS classification]], respectively.<ref name="jpldata" /><ref name="Lazzaro-2004" />
[[Photometry (astronomy)|Photometric]] observations of this asteroid at the [[European Southern Observatory]] in 1977–78 gave a [[light curve]] with a period of {{Convert|0.86098|+/-|0.00030|d|h}} and a brightness variation of 0.32 in [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]].<ref name="Surdej1979"/> A 2007 study at the Palmer Divide Observatory in [[Colorado Springs, Colorado]] yielded a period of 20.666 ± 0.002 h with a magnitude variation of 0.21.<ref name="Warner2007"/>


[[Photometry (astronomy)|Photometric]] observations of this asteroid at the [[European Southern Observatory]] in 1977–78 gave a [[light curve]] with a period of {{Convert|0.86098|+/-|0.00030|d|h}} and a brightness variation of 0.32 in [[Magnitude (astronomy)|magnitude]].<ref name="Surdej-1979" /> A 2007 study at the [[Palmer Divide Observatory]] in Colorado, United States, yielded a period of 20.666 ± 0.002 hours with a magnitude variation of 0.21.<ref name="Warner-2007h" />{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-PDO}}
This object is the namesake of a family of 22–113 asteroids that share similar spectral properties and [[orbital elements]]. Hence they may have arisen from the same collisional event. All members have a relatively high [[orbital inclination]].<ref name="Novakovic2011"/>

This object is the namesake of the [[Gallia family]] ({{small|[[FIN tbl#802|802]]}}), a small [[asteroid family|family]] of nearly 200 known stony asteroids that share similar spectral properties and [[orbital elements]].<ref name="Nesvorny-2014" /> Hence they may have arisen from the same collisional event. All members have a relatively high [[orbital inclination]].<ref name="Novakovic-2011" />

== Notes ==
{{notelist|refs=

{{efn|name=lcdb-Warner-2011|1=Warner (2011) web: modeled lightcurve gave a rotation period {{val|20.665266}} hours. Summary figures for (148) Gallia at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=148%7CGallia LCDB]}}

{{efn|name=lightcurve-plot-PDO|1=[http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/pdolc/A148_2007.HTM Lightcurve plot of 148 Gallia], Palmer Divide Observatory, ''[[Brian D. Warner|B. D. Warner]]'' (2007): rotation period {{val|20.666|0.002}} hours with a brightness amplitude of {{val|0.21|0.02}} mag. Quality code of 2+. Summary figures at the [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/GenerateALCDEFPage_Local.php?AstInfo=148%7CGallia LCDB]}}

}} <!-- end of notelist -->


== References ==
== References ==
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}} <!-- end of reflist -->


== External links ==
== External links ==
* [http://www.minorplanetobserver.com/pdolc/A148_2007.HTM Lightcurve plot of 148 Gallia], Palmer Divide Observatory, ''[[Brian D. Warner|B. D. Warner]]'' (2007)
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info])
* [http://www.minorplanet.info/PHP/lcdbsummaryquery.php Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB)], query form ([http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html info])
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=aeAg1X7afOoC&pg Dictionary of Minor Planet Names], Google books
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR] – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* [http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/NumberedMPs000001.html Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000)] – Minor Planet Center
* {{AstDys|148}}
* {{JPL small body}}
* {{JPL small body}}


{{Minor planets navigator|147 Protogeneia|number=148|149 Medusa}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Minor planets navigator |147 Protogeneia |number=148 |149 Medusa}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}
{{Small Solar System bodies}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:000148}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:000148}}
[[Category:Main-belt asteroids]]
[[Category:Gallia asteroids]]
[[Category:Numbered minor planets]]
[[Category:Numbered minor planets]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Paul and Prosper Henry|Gallia]]
[[Category:Discoveries by Paul and Prosper Henry|Gallia]]
[[Category:Minor planets named for places|Gallia]]
[[Category:Minor planets named for places|Gallia]]
[[Category:Named minor planets|Gallia]]
[[Category:Named minor planets|Gallia]]
[[Category:Objects observed by stellar occultation]]
[[Category:GU-type asteroids (Tholen)]]
[[Category:GU-type asteroids (Tholen)]]
[[Category:S-type asteroids (SMASS)]]
[[Category:S-type asteroids (SMASS)]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1875|18750807]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1875|18750807]]
[[Category:Objects observed by stellar occultation]]

{{S-beltasteroid-stub}}

Revision as of 00:58, 18 April 2018

148 Gallia
Discovery [1]
Discovered byP. M. Henry
Discovery siteParis
Discovery date7 August 1875
Designations
(148) Gallia
Pronunciation/ˈɡæliə/
Named after
Gaul [2]
(Latin name for France)
main-belt [1][3] · (middle)
Gallia [4]
Orbital characteristics [3]
Epoch 23 March 2018 (JD 2458200.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc138.37 yr (50,540 d)
Aphelion3.2885 AU
Perihelion2.2531 AU
2.7708 AU
Eccentricity0.1868
4.61 yr (1,685 d)
278.58°
0° 12m 49.32s / day
Inclination25.291°
145.01°
252.79°
Physical characteristics
80.87±1.04 km[5]
83.45±5.07 km[6]
85.91±23.39 km[7]
97.75±3.7 km[8]
98.09 km (derived)[9]
Mass(4.89±1.67)×1018 kg[6]
Mean density
16.06±6.22 g/cm3[6]
20.6592±0.0007 h[10]
20.66±0.01 h[10]
20.664 h[11]
20.665266 h[a]
20.666±0.002 h[12][b]
0.1640±0.013[8]
0.2013 (derived)[9]
0.21±0.12[7]
0.240±0.008[5]
Tholen = GU [3]
SMASS = S [3][9]
B–V = 0.858[3]
U–B = 0.423[3]
6.97±0.84[13]
7.4[9]
7.4±0.1[14][15]
7.63[3][5][8]
7.67[7]
7.72±0.10[16]

148 Gallia (as Greek Γαλλία) is an asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 90 kilometers (56 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 7 August 1875, by the French brothers Paul Henry and Prosper Henry at the Paris, but the credit for this discovery was given to Prosper.[1] It was named after the Latin name for the country of France, Gaul.[2] Based upon its spectrum, it is an unusual G-type asteroid (GU) and a stony S-type asteroid in the Tholen and SMASS classification, respectively.[3][17]

Photometric observations of this asteroid at the European Southern Observatory in 1977–78 gave a light curve with a period of 0.86098 ± 0.00030 days (20.6635 ± 0.0072 h) and a brightness variation of 0.32 in magnitude.[11] A 2007 study at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado, United States, yielded a period of 20.666 ± 0.002 hours with a magnitude variation of 0.21.[12][b]

This object is the namesake of the Gallia family (802), a small family of nearly 200 known stony asteroids that share similar spectral properties and orbital elements.[18] Hence they may have arisen from the same collisional event. All members have a relatively high orbital inclination.[19]

Notes

  1. ^ Warner (2011) web: modeled lightcurve gave a rotation period 20.665266 hours. Summary figures for (148) Gallia at the LCDB
  2. ^ a b Lightcurve plot of 148 Gallia, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2007): rotation period 20.666±0.002 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.21±0.02 mag. Quality code of 2+. Summary figures at the LCDB

References

  1. ^ a b c "148 Gallia". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  2. ^ a b Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (148) Gallia. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 29. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 148 Gallia" (2017-10-28 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  4. ^ "Small Bodies Data Ferret". Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  5. ^ a b c Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. Retrieved 18 April 2018. Online catalog
  6. ^ a b c Carry, B. (December 2012), "Density of asteroids" (PDF), Planetary and Space Science, vol. 73, pp. 98–118, arXiv:1203.4336, Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009 See Table 1.
  7. ^ a b c Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Kramer, E. A.; Grav, T.; et al. (September 2016). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos" (PDF). The Astronomical Journal. 152 (3): 12. arXiv:1606.08923. Bibcode:2016AJ....152...63N. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63. Retrieved 18 April 2018.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  8. ^ a b c Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  9. ^ a b c d "LCDB Data for (148) Gallia". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  10. ^ a b Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (148) Gallia". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  11. ^ a b Surdej, A.; Surdej, J. (September 1979). "Photoelectric lightcurves and rotation period of the minor planet 148 Gallia". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series: 471–474. Bibcode:1979A&AS...37..471S. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  12. ^ a b Warner, Brian D. (December 2007). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - March-May 2007". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 34 (4): 104–107. Bibcode:2007MPBu...34..104W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  13. ^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results" (PDF). Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  14. ^ Harris, A. W.; Young, J. W.; Dockweiler, Thor; Gibson, J.; Poutanen, M.; Bowell, E. (January 1992). "Asteroid lightcurve observations from 1981". Icarus: 115–147.ResearchsupportedbyLowellObservatoryEndowmentandNASA. Bibcode:1992Icar...95..115H. doi:10.1016/0019-1035(92)90195-D. ISSN 0019-1035. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  15. ^ Pravec, Petr; Harris, Alan W.; Kusnirák, Peter; Galád, Adrián; Hornoch, Kamil (September 2012). "Absolute magnitudes of asteroids and a revision of asteroid albedo estimates from WISE thermal observations". Icarus. 221 (1): 365–387. Bibcode:2012Icar..221..365P. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.026. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  16. ^ Warner, Brian D. (December 2007). "Initial Results of a Dedicated H-G Project". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 34 (4): 113–119. Bibcode:2007MPBu...34..113W. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  17. ^ Lazzaro, D.; Angeli, C. A.; Carvano, J. M.; Mothé-Diniz, T.; Duffard, R.; Florczak, M. (November 2004). "S 3OS 2: the visible spectroscopic survey of 820 asteroids". Icarus. 172 (1): 179–220. Bibcode:2004Icar..172..179L. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.006. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  18. ^ Nesvorný, D.; Broz, M.; Carruba, V. (December 2014). "Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families" (PDF). Asteroids IV: 297–321. arXiv:1502.01628. Bibcode:2015aste.book..297N. doi:10.2458/azu_uapress_9780816532131-ch016. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  19. ^ Novakovic, Bojan; Cellino, Alberto; Knezevic, Zoran (November 2011). "Families among high-inclination asteroids" (PDF). Icarus. 216 (1): 69–81. arXiv:1108.3740. Bibcode:2011Icar..216...69N. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2011.08.016. Retrieved 18 April 2018.

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