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'''International Alert''' is an independent international [[peacebuilding]] organization, operating programs around the world to address conflict. Its mission is to build a more peaceful world by: working with people directly affected by conflict to find peaceful solutions; shaping policies and practices to support peace; and collaborating with those striving for peace. Alert accomplishes these goals through dialogue, training, research and policy analysis, advocacy and outreach activities.<ref>https://www.international-alert.org/publications/annual-report-2017</ref>
⚫
'''International Alert''' is a London-based non-profit organisation focusing on [[peacebuilding]] activities. It was founded in 1986 by [[Leo Kuper]], [[Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington|Michael Young]], [[Martin Ennals]] and [[Luis Kutner]].<ref name="galchinsky-2008">{{cite book|last=Galchinsky|first=Michael|title=Jews and Human Rights: Dancing at Three Weddings|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|date=2008|pages=99|isbn=9780742552678|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IUUuFeeM1OwC&lpg=PA99&ots=XrqfEnr6iX&dq=international%20alert%20leo%20kuper&pg=PA99#v=onepage&q=%22international%20alert%22&f=false|language=English}}</ref><ref name="charny-2013">{{

International Alert is headquarters in [[London]], but also has a European office in [[The Hague]].<ref>346 Clapham Road,SW9 9AP London,United Kingdom</ref> This NGO maintains about 250 staff in nineteen countries. These experts work with over 800 partner organizations on projects to advance conflict resolution, support human rights, and build a more peaceful future. Alert’s main geographic areas of operation are Africa, Asia and the Middle East, but it is also supporting peace activities in [[Colombia]], the [[Caucasus]] and [[Ukraine]].<ref>https://www.international-alert.org/where-we-work</ref>

[[Harriet Lamb]] became [[Chief Executive Officer]] (CEO) in 2015. <ref>https://www.international-alert.org/news/international-alert-appoints-harriet-lamb-new-ceo</ref> Before that Lamb was CEO of the [[United Kingdom]] [[Fairtrade Foundation]] for over a decade.<ref>https://www.fairtrade.org.uk/Media-Centre/News/October-2013/Harriet-Lamb-becomes-first-woman-to-be-made-Honorary-Fellow-of-Trinity-Hall</ref>
⚫
==History==
⚫
In 1985 the Standing International Forum on Ethnic Conflict, Development and Human Rights (SIFEC) was founded with the purpose of addressing the issue of conflict and to alert governments and the world to developing crises. The following year, SIFEC merged with another organization, International Alert on Genocide and Massacres, to become International Alert (IA). Alert was founded in 1986 by [[Leo Kuper]], [[Michael Young, Baron Young of Dartington|Michael Young]], [[Martin Ennals]] and [[Luis Kutner]] in response to growing frustration in the international development and human rights community that internal conflicts were impeding the ability to protect and provide for civilian populations and that there was no effective international mechanism to address this situation.<ref name="galchinsky-2008">{{cite book|last=Galchinsky|first=Michael|title=Jews and Human Rights: Dancing at Three Weddings|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|date=2008|pages=99|isbn=9780742552678|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=IUUuFeeM1OwC&lpg=PA99&ots=XrqfEnr6iX&dq=international%20alert%20leo%20kuper&pg=PA99#v=onepage&q=%22international%20alert%22&f=false|language=English}}</ref><ref name="charny-2013">{{
cite book|last=Charny|first=Israel|author-link=Israel Charny|title=Pioneers of Genocide Studies|editor-first1=Samuel|editor-last1=Totten|editor-first2=Steven Leonard|editor-last2=Jacobs|publisher=Transaction Publishers|date=2013|pages=273, 280|chapter=Chapter 11: Leo Kuper: A Giant Pioneer|isbn=9781412849746|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mMzM5Q2Mxv8C&lpg=PA273&ots=hCbhui6jW8&dq=international%20alert%20leo%20kuper&pg=PA273#v=onepage&q=%22international%20alert%22&f=false|language=English
cite book|last=Charny|first=Israel|author-link=Israel Charny|title=Pioneers of Genocide Studies|editor-first1=Samuel|editor-last1=Totten|editor-first2=Steven Leonard|editor-last2=Jacobs|publisher=Transaction Publishers|date=2013|pages=273, 280|chapter=Chapter 11: Leo Kuper: A Giant Pioneer|isbn=9781412849746|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mMzM5Q2Mxv8C&lpg=PA273&ots=hCbhui6jW8&dq=international%20alert%20leo%20kuper&pg=PA273#v=onepage&q=%22international%20alert%22&f=false|language=English
}}</ref><ref name="independent-1994-05-27">{{
}}</ref><ref name="independent-1994-05-27">{{
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|last=Kuper
|last=Kuper
|first=Adam
|first=Adam
⚫
|author-link=Adam Kuper}}</ref> International Alert undertook to advance research on the causes of such conflict and to promote all means of conciliation and resolution, becoming an early advocate of multitrack diplomacy. From its first days, the conflict in [[Sri Lanka]] was a particular focus. [[Nobel Peace Prize]] Laureate Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]], the former [[Archbishop]] of [[Cape Town]] was engaged in the formation of the formation of the new organization and became Vice Chairman of its Board of Trustees.
|author-link=Adam Kuper
}}</ref> It has been called a "major non-governmental organization" that makes "conflict prevention and resolution issues an important sphere of action among [[governments]], [[inter-governmental organization|IGOs]] and [[non-governmental organization|NGOs]]."<ref name="leander-2008">{{cite book|last=Leander|first=Anna|title=Qualitative Methods in International Relations: A Pluralist Guide|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|date=2008|pages=18|chapter=Chapter 2: Thinking Tools|isbn=9780230584129|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TDkWDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18&dq=%22international+alert%22&hl=en&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22international%20alert%22&f=false|language=English|editor-last1=Klotz|editor-first1=Audie|editor-last2=Prakash|editor-first2=Deepa}}</ref><ref name="cmi-1997">{{cite web|url=https://www.cmi.no/publications/1180-ngos-in-conflict-an-evaluation-of-international|title=NGOs in conflict- an evaluation of International Alert|date=1997|publisher=[[Chr. Michelsen Institute]]|language=English|accessdate=5 November 2016|location=[[Bergen]], [[Norway]]|last1=Sørbø|first1=Gunnar M.|last2=Macrae|first2=Joanna|last3=Wohlgemuth|first3=Lennart}}</ref> Its publications are required or recommended reading at a number of [[higher education]] institutions,<ref group="q" name="kent-2016">{{
cite web|url=http://resourcelists.kent.ac.uk/lists/437B8277-3B19-C937-667C-048017CC87B9.html|title=Conflict Resolution in World Politics 2016-2017|date=2016|publisher=[[University of Kent]]|language=English|accessdate=4 November 2016
}}</ref><ref group="q" name="brandeis-2008">{{
cite web|url=http://www.brandeis.edu/ethics/pdfs/courses/DevelopmentAidCoexistence.pdf|title=Development, Aid and Coexistence|last=Johnson|first=Theodore A.|date=2008|publisher=[[Brandeis University]]|language=English|accessdate=4 November 2016
}}</ref><ref group="c" name="harvard-2016">{{
cite web|url=https://www.hks.harvard.edu/syllabus/MLD-225.pdf|title=Introduction to Negotiation Theory and Practice - MLD 225|last=Wilkinson|first=Robert|date=2016|publisher=[[Harvard University]]|language=English|accessdate=4 November 2016
}}</ref><ref group="c" name="standrews-2016">{{cite web|url=http://resourcelists.st-andrews.ac.uk/lists/C47B60E4-1988-7931-6B7C-B83E6A5243D3.pdf|title=Representations of Violent Conflict (2016-17)|date=2016|publisher=[[University of St Andrews]]|language=English|accessdate=4 November 2016
}}</ref><ref group="c" name="oxbrookes-2016">{{
cite web|url=http://resourcelists.brookes.ac.uk/lists/598A0A9C-1F4F-E6B5-76B5-36287EE99735.pdf|title=P30305 Conflict Violence and Humanitarianism|date=11 April 2016|publisher=[[Oxford Brookes University]]|accessdate=4 November 2016
}}</ref><ref group="c" name="bris-2015">{{
cite web|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/spais/documents/msc-unit-guides-ce/POLIM1006..pdf|title=POLIM1006 SECURITY GOVERNANCE|last=Peoples|first=Columba|date=2015|publisher=[[University of Bristol]]|language=English|accessdate=4 November 2016
}}</ref><ref group="c" name="bris-2015-edmunds">{{
cite web|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/spais/documents/msc-unit-guides-ce/POLIM1007..pdf|title=POLI1007 Conflict, Security and Development|last=Edmunds|first=Tim|date=2015|publisher=[[University of Bristol]]|language=English|accessdate=4 November 2016
}}</ref><ref group="c" name="edinburgh-2014">{{
cite web |url=http://www.sps.ed.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/168309/Hons_GPSGcourse_guide_14-15FINAL.pdf |title=Global Politics of Sex and Gender PLIT10075 |publisher=[[University of Edinburgh]]|date=2014|language=English|accessdate=4 November 2016
}}</ref><ref group="c" name="warwick-2012">{{
cite web|url=http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/pais/currentstudents/undergrad/2012modulearchive/po377/reading/|title=Politics and International Studies - Reading List|date=2012|publisher=[[University of Warwick]]|language=English|accessdate=4 November 2016
}}</ref><ref group="c" name="lonmet-2012">{{
cite web|url=https://intranet.londonmet.ac.uk/module-catalogue/record.cfm?mc=GI2E70|title=Module catalogue: GI2E70 - Working for Peace in Situations of Conflict|date=2012|publisher=[[London Metropolitan University]]|language=English|accessdate=4 November 2016
}}</ref><ref group="c" name="minnesota-2011">{{
cite web|url=http://www2.hhh.umn.edu/uthinkcache/gpa/globalnotes/Humanitarianism%20Syllabus%20Draft%20August%202011.doc|title=PA5821 (35968): Humanitarianism|last=James|first=Eric|date=2011|publisher=[[University of Minnesota]]|accessdate=4 November 2016
}}</ref><ref group="c" name="cuny-2011">{{
cite web|url=https://www.gc.cuny.edu/CUNY_GC/media/polsci/woodward_pb_2011.pdf|title=Ph.D. Program in Political Science - PSC 86206 Peace and War: Peace Studies, a Research Seminar|last=Woodward|first=Susan|date=2011|publisher=[[City University of New York]]|language=English|accessdate=4 November 2016
}}</ref><ref group="c" name="sussex-2010">{{
cite web|url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/ir/documents/conflictsecurity-and-development|title=CONFLICT, SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT 917 MI|last=Smirl|first=Lisa|date=September 2010|publisher=[[University of Sussex]]|language=English|accessdate=4 November 2016}}</ref> and its work has received attention in both mainstream and specialist media.<ref name="nyt-2016">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/17/world/africa/nigerian-women-freed-from-boko-haram-face-rejection-at-home.html |title=Nigerian Women Freed From Boko Haram Face Rejection at Home |last=Searcey |first=Dionne |date=16 February 2016 |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |language=English |accessdate=5 November 2016 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725214950/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/17/world/africa/nigerian-women-freed-from-boko-haram-face-rejection-at-home.html |archivedate=25 July 2016 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/breakthrough-hope-in-search-for-200-girls-seized-by-boko-haram-terror-group-a3195721.html|title=Breakthrough hope in search for 200 girls seized by Boko Haram|date=4 March 2016|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/march-women-kidnapped-by-boko-haram-held-future-our-girls-campaign-launched-1547981|title=March for women kidnapped by Boko Haram to be held as 'Future For Our Girls' campaign launched|first=Harriet|last=Sinclair|date=8 March 2016|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/goingout/restaurants/popup-restaurant-tries-to-wage-peace-through-food-a3333336.html|title=Pop-up restaurant tries to wage peace through food|date=31 August 2016|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eventmagazine.co.uk/international-alert-revives-its-peace-themed-cafe-concept/venues/article/1405640|title=International Alert revives its peace-themed cafe concept|publisher=}}</ref>

⚫
==History==
⚫
In 1985 the Standing International Forum on Ethnic Conflict, Development and Human Rights (SIFEC) was founded with the purpose of addressing the issue of conflict and to alert governments and the world to developing crises. The following year, SIFEC merged with another organization, International Alert on Genocide and Massacres, to become International Alert (IA). IA was a response to growing frustration in the international development and human rights community that internal conflicts were impeding the ability to protect and provide for civilian populations and that there was no effective international mechanism to address this situation. IA undertook to advance research on the causes of such conflict and to promote all means of conciliation and resolution, becoming an early advocate of multitrack diplomacy. From its first days, the conflict in [[Sri Lanka]] was a particular focus. [[Nobel Peace Prize]] Laureate Archbishop [[Desmond Tutu]], the former [[Archbishop]] of [[Cape Town]] was engaged in the formation of the formation of the new organization and became Vice Chairman of its Board of Trustees.
[[Martin Ennals]], the former Secretary General of [[Amnesty International]] and founder of [[Article 19]], served as Secretary General of the new organization.<ref name=award_bio>{{cite web|title=Martin Ennals: A Giant Human Rights Defender|url=http://www.martinennalsaward.org/mea/en/martinennals/index.html|publisher=Martin Ennals Award|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130415072609/http://www.martinennalsaward.org/mea/en/martinennals/index.html|archivedate=15 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> From 1986-1989, Ennals was International Alert’s only full-time staff member. He was joined by Andy Carl (later the founder of [[Conciliation Resources]], who managed IA from 1992-1993 following Ennals’ departure. IA expanded rapidly in 1994-1996 under the leadership of [[Kumar Rupesinghe]], growing to over 50 staff with major programs in Sri Lanka, [[Burundi]], and [[Sierra Leone]].<ref> NGOs in Conflict: An Evaluation of International Alert (1997) https://issuu.com/cmi-norway/docs/1180-ngos-in-conflict-an-evaluation-of-internation</ref> By 1998 IA had a budget of approximately UK£5 million and 80 staff, managing programs in over 15 countries in conflict. Dan Smith, now Secretary General of the [[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]] served as Secretary General from 2003-2015. In 2015, [[Harriet Lamb]] became International Alert’s current CEO.
[[Martin Ennals]], the former Secretary General of [[Amnesty International]] and founder of [[Article 19]], served as Secretary General of the new organization.<ref name=award_bio>{{cite web|title=Martin Ennals: A Giant Human Rights Defender|url=http://www.martinennalsaward.org/mea/en/martinennals/index.html|publisher=Martin Ennals Award|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130415072609/http://www.martinennalsaward.org/mea/en/martinennals/index.html|archivedate=15 April 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> From 1986-1989, Ennals was International Alert’s only full-time staff member. He was joined by Andy Carl (later the founder of [[Conciliation Resources]], who managed IA from 1992-1993 following Ennals’ death. Alert expanded rapidly in 1994-1996 under the leadership of [[Kumar Rupesinghe]], growing to over 50 staff with major programs in Sri Lanka, [[Burundi]], and [[Sierra Leone]].<ref> NGOs in Conflict: An Evaluation of International Alert (1997) https://issuu.com/cmi-norway/docs/1180-ngos-in-conflict-an-evaluation-of-internation</ref> By 1998 Alert had a budget of approximately UK£5 million and 80 staff, managing programs in over 15 countries in conflict. [[Dan Smith (British author)|Dan Smith]], now Secretary General of the [[Stockholm International Peace Research Institute]] served as Secretary General from 2003-2015. In 2015, [[Harriet Lamb]] became International Alert’s current CEO.


==Board Members==
==Board Members==
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{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


===International Alert publications as required reading===
{{reflist|group=q}}

===International Alert publications as recommended reading===
{{reflist|group=c}}


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Revision as of 19:57, 28 July 2018

International Alert
AbbreviationAlert, IA
Formation1986
TypeInternational Non-governmental Organization
PurposePeacebuilding, Conflict Prevention
HeadquartersLondon, United Kingdom
Location
Region
Global
CEO
Harriet Lamb
Chairman
Chris Mullin
AffiliationsIndependent
Staff
Approx. 250
Websitehttp://www.international-alert.org/

International Alert is an independent international peacebuilding organization, operating programs around the world to address conflict. Its mission is to build a more peaceful world by: working with people directly affected by conflict to find peaceful solutions; shaping policies and practices to support peace; and collaborating with those striving for peace. Alert accomplishes these goals through dialogue, training, research and policy analysis, advocacy and outreach activities.[1]

International Alert is headquarters in London, but also has a European office in The Hague.[2] This NGO maintains about 250 staff in nineteen countries. These experts work with over 800 partner organizations on projects to advance conflict resolution, support human rights, and build a more peaceful future. Alert’s main geographic areas of operation are Africa, Asia and the Middle East, but it is also supporting peace activities in Colombia, the Caucasus and Ukraine.[3]

Harriet Lamb became Chief Executive Officer (CEO) in 2015. [4] Before that Lamb was CEO of the United Kingdom Fairtrade Foundation for over a decade.[5]

History

In 1985 the Standing International Forum on Ethnic Conflict, Development and Human Rights (SIFEC) was founded with the purpose of addressing the issue of conflict and to alert governments and the world to developing crises. The following year, SIFEC merged with another organization, International Alert on Genocide and Massacres, to become International Alert (IA). Alert was founded in 1986 by Leo Kuper, Michael Young, Martin Ennals and Luis Kutner in response to growing frustration in the international development and human rights community that internal conflicts were impeding the ability to protect and provide for civilian populations and that there was no effective international mechanism to address this situation.[6][7][8] International Alert undertook to advance research on the causes of such conflict and to promote all means of conciliation and resolution, becoming an early advocate of multitrack diplomacy. From its first days, the conflict in Sri Lanka was a particular focus. Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu, the former Archbishop of Cape Town was engaged in the formation of the formation of the new organization and became Vice Chairman of its Board of Trustees.

Martin Ennals, the former Secretary General of Amnesty International and founder of Article 19, served as Secretary General of the new organization.[9] From 1986-1989, Ennals was International Alert’s only full-time staff member. He was joined by Andy Carl (later the founder of Conciliation Resources, who managed IA from 1992-1993 following Ennals’ death. Alert expanded rapidly in 1994-1996 under the leadership of Kumar Rupesinghe, growing to over 50 staff with major programs in Sri Lanka, Burundi, and Sierra Leone.[10] By 1998 Alert had a budget of approximately UK£5 million and 80 staff, managing programs in over 15 countries in conflict. Dan Smith, now Secretary General of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute served as Secretary General from 2003-2015. In 2015, Harriet Lamb became International Alert’s current CEO.

Board Members

International Alert’s board of trustees is composed of the following members: Chris Deri, Padma Jyoti, Oliver Kemp, Helena Puig Larrauri, Gordana Duspara Moriarty, Alaa Murabit, Lisa L. Rose, Dhananjayan Sriskandarajah, Gregor Stewart, and Carol Allen-Storey. Chris Mullin became chair of the board in 2016. [11]

Notable initiatives

Data mining for conflict prevention

International Alert was an early advocate for the development of conflict early warning systems.[12] Its work on gender and peacebuilding was important in establishing the necessity of incorporating gender relations and female stakeholders in conflict early warning systems.[12]

By the early 1990s, International Alert was using the HURIDOCS database in conjunction with early Internet conferencing systems, to enable it to keep abreast of and interact with "local and international nongovernmental organizations and international experts."[13] Through the mid-1990s, by applying a combination of manual and automated analysis in conjunction with such systems, researchers collaborating with International Alert performed early data mining research, demonstrating the viability of this approach for predicting conflict outcomes and encouraging the development of a website for the African Union's Continental Early Warning System (CEWS).[13]

Millennium Peace Prize for Women

In 2001, as part of International Alert's Women Building Peace campaign, the organisation collaborated with the United Nations Development Fund for Women awarded a Millennium Peace Prize for Women.[14][15][16][17][18][19]

Peacehack

In 2015 and 2016, International Alert organised a series of hackathons called Peacehack, exploring ways information technology might be used to reduce conflict by discouraging hate speech.[20][21][22][23]

References

  1. ^ https://www.international-alert.org/publications/annual-report-2017
  2. ^ 346 Clapham Road,SW9 9AP London,United Kingdom
  3. ^ https://www.international-alert.org/where-we-work
  4. ^ https://www.international-alert.org/news/international-alert-appoints-harriet-lamb-new-ceo
  5. ^ https://www.fairtrade.org.uk/Media-Centre/News/October-2013/Harriet-Lamb-becomes-first-woman-to-be-made-Honorary-Fellow-of-Trinity-Hall
  6. ^ Galchinsky, Michael (2008). Jews and Human Rights: Dancing at Three Weddings. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 99. ISBN 9780742552678.
  7. ^ Charny, Israel (2013). "Chapter 11: Leo Kuper: A Giant Pioneer". In Totten, Samuel; Jacobs, Steven Leonard (eds.). Pioneers of Genocide Studies. Transaction Publishers. pp. 273, 280. ISBN 9781412849746.
  8. ^ Kuper, Adam. "Obituary: Leo Kuper". The Independent. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
  9. ^ "Martin Ennals: A Giant Human Rights Defender". Martin Ennals Award. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ NGOs in Conflict: An Evaluation of International Alert (1997) https://issuu.com/cmi-norway/docs/1180-ngos-in-conflict-an-evaluation-of-internation
  11. ^ https://www.international-alert.org/news/alert-appoints-new-chair-and-board-members
  12. ^ a b Nyheim, David (2009). Deutscher, Eckhard (ed.). Conflict and Fragility: Preventing Violence, War and State Collapse (PDF). OECD. pp. 28, 30. ISBN 978-92-64-05980-1.
  13. ^ a b Alker, Hayward R.; Schmalberger, Thomas (2001). "Chapter 2: The Double Design of the CEWS Project". In Alker, Hayward R.; Gurr, Ted Robert; Rupesinghe, Kumar (eds.). Journeys Through Conflict: Narratives and Lessons. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780742510289.
  14. ^ "UNIFEM - Millennium Peace Prize for Women - 2001 Peace Prize Recipients". United Nations Development Fund for Women. 2001. Archived from the original on 8 February 2002. Retrieved 5 November 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ Bell, Imogen, ed. (2003). Central and South-Eastern Europe 2004. Regional Surveys of the World (4th ed.). Europa Publications. p. 699. ISBN 9781857431865.
  16. ^ Sandrasagra, Mithre J. (8 March 2001). "DEVELOPMENT: New Peace Prize to Honour Women". IPS Inter Press Service. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  17. ^ Weatherford, Doris (2002). Women's Almanac 2002. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 6. ISBN 9781573565103.
  18. ^ van der Gaag, Nikki (2004). The No-nonsense Guide to Women's Rights. Verso. p. 113. ISBN 9781844675029.
  19. ^ Zirin, Mary; Livezeanu, Irina; Worobec, Christine D.; Farris, June Pachuta (2015). Women and Gender in Central and Eastern Europe, Russia, and Eurasia: A Comprehensive Bibliography. Routledge. p. 415. ISBN 9781317451976.
  20. ^ Akl, Aida (21 October 2016). "Hate Speech Plugin Gives Internet Trolls a Chance to Pause". Techtonics. Voice of America. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  21. ^ McDonald, Clare (2015). "Worldwide #peacehack hackathons use technology to promote peace". Computer Weekly. TechTarget. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  22. ^ Ismail, Nick (3 October 2016). "Peacehack hackathon tackles hate speech". Information Age. Vitesse Media Plc. Retrieved 4 November 2016.
  23. ^ writer, Vanessa Thevathasan Freelance; Rights, Independent Consultant on the; Women, Protection of; Conflict, Children in; Peacebuilding; Development. (22 September 2014). "International Peace Day: Social Media as a Tool for #TalkingPeace - Huffington Post".


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