Proceratophrys concavitympanum: Difference between revisions

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distribution, description, habitat
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| image =
| image =
| status = DD | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status = DD | status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name=IUCN/>
| taxon = Proceratophrys concavitympanum
| taxon = Proceratophrys concavitympanum
| authority = Giaretta, Mernarde & Kokubum, 2000
| authority = Giaretta, Bernarde, and Kokubum, 2000<ref name="Giaretta et al. 2000"/>
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=Frost/>
}}
}}


'''''Proceratophrys concavitympanum''''' is a species of [[frog]] in the [[Odontophrynidae]] family.
'''''Proceratophrys concavitympanum''''' is a species of [[frog]] in the family [[Odontophrynidae]].<ref name=Frost/> It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Brazil]] and known from [[Rondônia]], northwestern [[Mato Grosso]], [[Pará]], and [[Tocantins]].<ref name=Frost/><ref name="Bernardo et al. 2012"/> It is the only ''Proceratophrys'' found in the [[Amazon rainforest]].<ref name="Bernardo et al. 2012"/>

It is [[Endemism|endemic]] to [[Brazil]].
==Description==
Its natural [[habitat]]s are subtropical or tropical moist lowland [[forest]]s and [[river]]s.
Adult males measure {{convert|40|-|52|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}<ref name="Santana et al. 2010"/> and adult females {{convert|58|-|60|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length.<ref name="Giaretta et al. 2000"/><ref name="Santana et al. 2010"/> The head is wider than it is long, almost semi-circular when viewed from above. The [[Tympanum (anatomy)|tympanum]] is visible as a depression in skin (hence the [[Specific name (zoology)|specific name]] ''concavitympanum'', from Latin ''concavum'' for concave). The fingers have no webbing whereas the toes are basally webbed. The upper eyelids have large, irregular warts laterally, becoming less prominent medially. Symmetric crests of warts run from the behind the eyelids to the [[Sacrum|sacral]] area. Dorsal coloration is cryptic and resembles a dead leaf. The base color is pale yellow; the crests of warts are gray and bordered with gray lacework. The head has two gray mottled areas. The underside is pale pink, possibly with gray reticulations.<ref name="Giaretta et al. 2000"/>

[[Tadpole]]s in [[Gosner stage]] 36 measure {{convert|50|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} in snout–vent length.<ref name="Giaretta et al. 2000"/>

==Habitat and conservation==
''Proceratophrys concavitympanum'' have been found in forest environments along margin of a permanent pond,<ref name="Giaretta et al. 2000"/> and near or in small temporary streams with sandy beds.<ref name="Santana et al. 2010"/><ref name="Barros et al. 2011"/> [[Tadpole]]s develop in water.<ref name="Giaretta et al. 2000"/>

The conservation status of this species was considered "[[data deficient]]" in 2004.<ref name=IUCN/> Later observations have greatly expanded its known range.<ref name="Bernardo et al. 2012"/> Some records are from protected areas, including the [[Tapirapé Biological Reserve]]<ref name="Bernardo et al. 2012"/> and [[Riozinho do Anfrísio Extractive Reserve]].<ref name="Barros et al. 2011"/>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
⚫
* {{Cite journal | author = Rodrigues, M.T. | author2 = Caramaschi, U. | title = ''Proceratophrys concavitympanum'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2004 | page = e.T57298A11605118 | publisher = [[IUCN]] | date = 2004 | url = http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/57298/0 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57298A11605118.en | access-date = 19 December 2017}}
<ref name="Barros et al. 2011">{{cite journal |last1=Barros |first1=Flávio Bezerra |last2=Pereira |first2=Henrique Miguel |last3=Vicente |first3=Luís |last-author-amp=yes |title=Amphibia, Anura, Cycloramphidae, ''Proceratophrys concavitympanum'' Giaretta, Bernarde and Kokubum, 2000: distribution extension for Brazilian Amazonia and first record in the state of Pará |journal=Check List |date=2011 |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=110-111 |doi=10.15560/7.2.110}}</ref>

<ref name="Bernardo et al. 2012">{{cite journal |last1=Bernardo |first1=Pedro H. |last2=Matiazzi |first2=William |last3=Guerra-Fuentes |first3=Ricardo A. |last-author-amp=yes |title=Distribution extension and distribution map of ''Chiasmocleis jimi'' Caramaschi and Cruz, 2001 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) and ''Proceratophrys concavitympanum'' Giaretta, Bernarde and Kokubum, 2000 (Amphibia: Anura: Cycloramphidae) |journal=Check List |date=2012 |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=152-154 |doi=10.15560/8.1.152}}</ref>

<ref name=Frost>{{cite web |url=http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Odontophrynidae/Proceratophrys/Proceratophrys-concavitympanum |title=''Proceratophrys concavitympanum'' Giaretta, Bernarde, and Kokubum, 2000 |author=Frost, Darrel R. |year=2019 |work=Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0 |publisher=American Museum of Natural History |accessdate=20 May 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Giaretta et al. 2000">{{cite journal |last1=Giaretta |first1=Ariovaldo A. |last2=Bernarde |first2=Paulo S. de C. |last3=Kokubum |first3=Marcelo N. |last-author-amp=yes |title=A new species of ''Proceratophrys'' (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Amazon rain forest |journal=Journal of Herpetology |date=2000 |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=173-178 |doi=10.2307/1565412}}</ref>

⚫
<ref name=IUCN>{{Cite journal | author = Rodrigues, M.T. | author2 = Caramaschi, U. |last-author-amp=yes | title = ''Proceratophrys concavitympanum'' | journal = [[The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]] | volume = 2004 | page = e.T57298A11605118 | date = 2004 | url = https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/57298/11605118 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57298A11605118.en | access-date = 20 May 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="Santana et al. 2010">{{cite journal |last1=Santana |first1=Diego José |last2=São-Pedro |first2=Vinícius de Avelar |last3=Bernarde |first3=Paulo Sérgio |last4=Feio |first4=Renato Neves |last-author-amp=yes |title=Descrição do canto de anúncio e dimorfismo sexual em ''Proceratophrys concavitympanum'' Giaretta, Bernarde & Kokubum, 2000 |journal=Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia |date=2010 |volume=50 |issue=11 |pages=167–174 |doi=10.1590/S0031-10492010001100001 |language=pt}}</ref>
}}


{{Taxonbar|from=Q2239314}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2239314}}


[[Category:Proceratophrys]]
[[Category:Proceratophrys|concavitympanum]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of Brazil]]
[[Category:Endemic fauna of Brazil]]
[[Category:Amphibians of Brazil]]
[[Category:Amphibians of Brazil]]
⚫
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 2000]]
[[Category:Amphibians described in 2000]]
⚫
[[Category:Taxonomy articles created by Polbot]]


{{amphibian-stub}}

Revision as of 17:35, 20 May 2019

Proceratophrys concavitympanum
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Odontophrynidae
Genus: Proceratophrys
Species:
P. concavitympanum
Binomial name
Proceratophrys concavitympanum
Giaretta, Bernarde, and Kokubum, 2000[2]

Proceratophrys concavitympanum is a species of frog in the family Odontophrynidae.[3] It is endemic to Brazil and known from Rondônia, northwestern Mato Grosso, Pará, and Tocantins.[3][4] It is the only Proceratophrys found in the Amazon rainforest.[4]

Description

Adult males measure 40–52 mm (1.6–2.0 in)[5] and adult females 58–60 mm (2.3–2.4 in) in snout–vent length.[2][5] The head is wider than it is long, almost semi-circular when viewed from above. The tympanum is visible as a depression in skin (hence the specific name concavitympanum, from Latin concavum for concave). The fingers have no webbing whereas the toes are basally webbed. The upper eyelids have large, irregular warts laterally, becoming less prominent medially. Symmetric crests of warts run from the behind the eyelids to the sacral area. Dorsal coloration is cryptic and resembles a dead leaf. The base color is pale yellow; the crests of warts are gray and bordered with gray lacework. The head has two gray mottled areas. The underside is pale pink, possibly with gray reticulations.[2]

Tadpoles in Gosner stage 36 measure 50 mm (2.0 in) in snout–vent length.[2]

Habitat and conservation

Proceratophrys concavitympanum have been found in forest environments along margin of a permanent pond,[2] and near or in small temporary streams with sandy beds.[5][6] Tadpoles develop in water.[2]

The conservation status of this species was considered "data deficient" in 2004.[1] Later observations have greatly expanded its known range.[4] Some records are from protected areas, including the Tapirapé Biological Reserve[4] and Riozinho do Anfrísio Extractive Reserve.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b Rodrigues, M.T.; Caramaschi, U. (2004). "Proceratophrys concavitympanum". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T57298A11605118. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57298A11605118.en. Retrieved 20 May 2019. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f Giaretta, Ariovaldo A.; Bernarde, Paulo S. de C.; Kokubum, Marcelo N. (2000). "A new species of Proceratophrys (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Amazon rain forest". Journal of Herpetology. 34 (2): 173–178. doi:10.2307/1565412. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Proceratophrys concavitympanum Giaretta, Bernarde, and Kokubum, 2000". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d Bernardo, Pedro H.; Matiazzi, William; Guerra-Fuentes, Ricardo A. (2012). "Distribution extension and distribution map of Chiasmocleis jimi Caramaschi and Cruz, 2001 (Amphibia: Anura: Microhylidae) and Proceratophrys concavitympanum Giaretta, Bernarde and Kokubum, 2000 (Amphibia: Anura: Cycloramphidae)". Check List. 8 (1): 152–154. doi:10.15560/8.1.152. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
  5. ^ a b c Santana, Diego José; São-Pedro, Vinícius de Avelar; Bernarde, Paulo Sérgio; Feio, Renato Neves (2010). "Descrição do canto de anúncio e dimorfismo sexual em Proceratophrys concavitympanum Giaretta, Bernarde & Kokubum, 2000". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (in Portuguese). 50 (11): 167–174. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492010001100001. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ a b Barros, Flávio Bezerra; Pereira, Henrique Miguel; Vicente, Luís (2011). "Amphibia, Anura, Cycloramphidae, Proceratophrys concavitympanum Giaretta, Bernarde and Kokubum, 2000: distribution extension for Brazilian Amazonia and first record in the state of Pará". Check List. 7 (2): 110–111. doi:10.15560/7.2.110. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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