Comparison of video container formats: Difference between revisions

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| archive-date = 26 November 2010
| archive-date = 26 November 2010
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101126091729/http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101126091729/http://neuron2.net/library/mpeg2/iso13818-1.pdf
}}</ref> [[VC-1]], [[H.264]]<ref>{{cite book
}}</ref> [[VC-1]], [[H.264]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Kalva|first=Jae-Beom Lee, Hari|title=The VC-1 and H.264 video compression standards for broadband video services|year=2008|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-0-387-71042-6|edition=1}}</ref>}}
| last1 = Lee
| first1 = Jae-Beom
| last2 = Kalva
| first2 = Hari
| publisher = [[Springer Publishing]]
| title = The VC-1 and H.264 Video Compression Standards for Broadband Video Services
| edition = 1st
| isbn = 978-0-387-71042-6
| date = 19 August 2008
| url = https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780387710426
| url-access = subscription
| access-date = 22 July 2019
}}</ref>}}
| {{partial|MPEG-1 Layers I, II, III (mp3), other formats only in private streams: [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]], [[Dolby Digital|AC-3]], [[LPCM]], [[DTS Coherent Acoustics|DTS]]<ref name="DVD-Video - MPEG differences">{{cite techreport
| {{partial|MPEG-1 Layers I, II, III (mp3), other formats only in private streams: [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]], [[Dolby Digital|AC-3]], [[LPCM]], [[DTS Coherent Acoustics|DTS]]<ref name="DVD-Video - MPEG differences">{{cite techreport
| publisher = DVD Resources for Open Source Development
| publisher = DVD Resources for Open Source Development

Revision as of 14:49, 22 July 2019

This table compares features of container formats (video file formats). To see which multimedia players support which container format, look at comparison of media players.

General information

Name and file extension Proprietor / developer License Variable bit rate audio Variable frame rate Chapters Captions / subtitles Video coding formats Audio coding formats Metadata / tags Menus[a] Streaming Attachment support[b] 3D, codecs 3D, container Hardware players
3GP 3GPP ? Yes Yes ? 3GPP Timed Text H.263, MPEG-4 Part 2 and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC AMR-NB, AMR-WB, AMR-WB+, AAC, HE-AAC and HE-AAC v2 ? No Yes[1] ? ? ? ?
3G2 3GPP2 ? Yes Yes ? 3GPP Timed Text H.263, MPEG-4 Part 2 and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC AMR-NB, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, EVRC, EVRC-B, EVRC-WB, 13K (QCELP), SMV or VMR-WB ? No Yes ? ? ? ?
Advanced Systems Format (.asf, .wma, .wmv) Microsoft Proprietary, patent encumbered Yes Yes Yes Yes Almost anything through VFW or DMO; H.264/AVC is problematic Almost anything through ACM or DMO; Vorbis is problematic Yes No Yes ? ? ? Yes
AVI Microsoft Proprietary[2] Yes[c] Yes[d] With third party modifications With third party modifications Almost anything through VFW Almost anything through ACM; Vorbis is problematic [e] Yes through RIFF chunks No No No ? No Yes
DivX Media Format (.divx) DivX, Inc. Proprietary Yes Yes Yes Yes MPEG-4 Part 2 video encoded to meet DivX profiles MP3, PCM, AC-3 ? Yes Yes ? ? ? Yes
EVO DVD Form Patent encumbered Yes Yes Yes Yes MPEG-2 Part 2, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, VC-1 AC-3, E-AC-3, Dolby TrueHD, LPCM, DTS, DTS-HD, MPEG-2 Part 3 ? Yes ? ? ? ? ?
F4V (Flash Video) Adobe Systems Patent encumbered ? Yes ? 3GPP Timed Text (tx3g)[3] H.264/MPEG-4 AVC MP3, AAC, HE-AAC[f] Yes No Yes ? ? ? ?
FLV (Flash Video) Adobe Systems Patent encumbered ? Yes No No Sorenson, VP6, Screen Video, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC[g][5] MP3, Nellymoser, ADPCM, LPCM, AAC,[g] Speex[h] Yes No Yes ? ? ? ?
Matroska (.mkv, .mk3d, .mka, .mks) CoreCodec, Inc.[i] Freely licensed[j] Yes[k] Yes[k] Yes[9] Yes[10] Virtually anything Virtually anything Yes[11] Pending[12] Yes[l] Yes[14] Yes[15][14] Yes[15][14] Yes[m]
MCF Community BSD-style license for specs, GNU for tools Yes Yes Yes[20] Yes[20] Not fully specified Not fully specified Yes Possible[n] Yes[22] Yes[20] ? ? No
MP4 MPEG Patent encumbered Yes Yes In specially formatted text track (QuickTime); 2) In userdata atom (started by Nero Digital) can't interact with the sceneDescription, or via segmentDescriptor MPEG-4 Timed Text, VobSubs with private objectTypeIndication not usable with the sceneDescription (started by Nero), BIFS HEVC/MPEG-H Part 2/H.265, MPEG-2 Part 2, MPEG-4 ASP, H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, H.263, VC-1, Dirac, others[23] MPEG-2/4 (HE)-AAC, MPEG-1/2 Layers I, II, III (MP3), AC-3, Apple Lossless, ALS, SLS, Vorbis(with private objectTypeIndication), others[23] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ? Yes
MPEG Video File (.mpg, .mpeg) MPEG Patent encumbered Yes Yes No No MPEG-1, MPEG-2[24] MPEG-1 Layers I, II, III (mp3), other formats only in private streams: LPCM[25] No No Yes ? ? ? Yes
MPEG program stream PS (.m2p, .ps) MPEG Patent encumbered Yes ? Only in private streams — used in VOB files on DVDs Only in private streams — used in VOB files on DVDs MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 Part 2,[24] VC-1, H.264[26] MPEG-1 Layers I, II, III (mp3), other formats only in private streams: AAC, AC-3, LPCM, DTS[25] No Only in private streams — used in VOB files on DVDs ? ? ? ? Yes
MPEG transport stream TS (.ts) MPEG Patent encumbered Yes Yes No possible via ETSI EN 300 743 MPEG-1, MPEG-2 Part 2, MPEG-4 ASP, H.264, JPEG 2000, TICO, other formats in private streams: VC-1, Dirac[27] MPEG-1 Layers I, II, III (mp3), AAC, other formats in private streams: AC-3, LPCM, DTS[27] No No Yes ? ? ? Yes
BDAV MPEG-2 transport stream (.m2ts) Blu-ray Disc Association Proprietary Yes Yes Yes Yes MPEG-2 Part 2, H.264, VC-1 AC-3, DTS, LPCM, Dolby Digital Plus, DTS HD, Dolby Lossless Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
MXF SMPTE Open standard, patent-free[28] Yes Yes ? EBU-TT[29], SMPTE-TT[30][31][32][33][34] Virtually anything Virtually anything Yes No ? ? ? ? No
Ogg Xiph.org Patent-free, Free software implementations available Yes Yes Yes Ogg Kate[35], Ogg Writ, CMML Theora, Dirac, OggUVS, MNG and others,[36][37] and almost anything else via VFW Vorbis, FLAC, Speex, Opus, OggPCM,[36][37] and almost anything else via ACM CMML, Ogg Skeleton, Vorbis comment[38] No Yes ? ? ? Yes
QuickTime (.mov, .qt) Apple Proprietary[39] Yes Yes Yes 3GPP Timed Text (tx3g)[40] MPEG-2 (OS X Lion or later),

MPEG-4 Part 2, H.264, H.263, H.261, Apple ProRes, Apple Pixlet, Cinepak, Component Video, DV, DVC Pro 50, Graphics, Motion JPEG, Photo JPEG, QuickTime Animation, Sorenson Video 2, Sorenson Video 3[41]

AAC (MPEG-4 Audio),

HE-AAC, Apple Lossless, MP3, AMR Narrowband, MS ADPCM, QDesign Music 2, Qualcomm PureVoice (QCELP), IMA 4:1, MACE 3:1 (Mac OS X v10.6.x only), MACE 6:1 (Mac OS X v10.6.x only), ALaw 2:1, ULaw 2:1[41]

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
RMVB RealNetworks Proprietary ? Yes ? Yes RealVideo 8, 9, 10 (HE)-AAC, Cook Codec, Vorbis, RealAudio Lossless ? No Yes ? ? ? ?
VOB+IFO DVD Forum Proprietary Yes Yes Yes Yes MPEG-2 Part 2, MPEG-1 Part 2 AC-3, LPCM, DTS, MPEG-2 Part 3, MPEG-1 Layer II No Yes No No No No Yes
WebM (.webm) Google CC BY 3.0 for specs[42], BSD-like[43] royalty-free[44] for tools Yes Yes Yes[45] WebVTT[45] VP8 and VP9[45] Vorbis and Opus[45] Yes[45] No[45] With MPEG-DASH[46] No[45] VP8[47] Some stereo modes[45] Yes
Name and file extension Proprietor / developer License Variable bit rate audio Variable frame rate Chapters Captions / subtitles Video coding formats Audio coding formats Metadata / tags Menus[a] Streaming Attachment support[b] 3D, codecs 3D, container Hardware players

Video formats support

Type Intra-frame only Lossy Lossy or lossless Lossless Uncompressed
Format DV M-JPEG MJ2 MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4 (A)SP Microsoft MPEG4 V2 VC-1 Sorenson H.263 VP6 RealVideo Cinepak Indeo Theora H.264 HEVC Dirac VP8 VP9 AV1 MVC HuffYUV YCbCr (YUV)
3GP, 3G2 No No No No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No
ASF[48] Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No Yes
AVI[49][48] Yes Yes Not officially Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Only version 1 Yes Not officially Not officially Yes Yes With ffdshow Yes[o] Yes With Dirac[50] Yes Yes No No With HuffYUV[51] Yes
DivX Media Format No No No No No Only MPEG-4 ASP No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
EVO No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
FLV No No No No No Yes No No Only Sorenson Spark No Yes No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
F4V No No No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
Matroska Using VfW[p] Using VfW[p] No Yes Yes Yes Yes Using VfW[p] Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes With MKVToolNix[53][54] Using VfW[p] Yes Yes Pending Yes[15] Using VfW[p] Yes
MPEG-PS, MPEG-TS[27] No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No
MPEG-2 TS No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No
MPEG-4 Only DVCPRO HD Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[55] Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Only SheerVideo
MXF Yes[56] No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No No No Yes Pending[57] No No No No No[q] No Yes[59]
Ogg[37][60] No No No No With VLC[r] With VLC[r] No With VLC[r] No No No No No No Yes No No Yes With Firefox[62] With Firefox[62] No No No Yes
QuickTime[40] Only DV 25 Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes[63] Not officially No No No No No Yes
RMVB No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No
WebM[45] No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Pending No No No
VOB No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

Audio formats support

Type Speech coding Lossy Lossless Uncompressed
Format Speex AMR MP1 MP2 MP3 AAC AC-3 DTS WMA RealAudio[s] Musepack Vorbis Opus FLAC WavPack, TTA ALAC MLP Dolby TrueHD DTS-HD WMA Lossless LPCM ADPCM PCM DV Audio
3GP, 3G2 No Yes No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
ASF[48] No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes[48] Yes No
AVI[49][48] No Yes Not officially Not officially Yes[t][65] Yes[t][65] Yes Yes Yes[u] No No Problematic[66][67] Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No
DivX Media Format No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
EVO No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No
FLV Yes No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No
F4V No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
Matroska Using ACM[p] No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Using ACM[p] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Using ACM[p] Yes Using ACM[p] Using ACM[p] No
MPEG-PS, MPEG-TS[27] No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No No Yes No No No
MPEG-2 TS No No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No
MPEG-4 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes[68] Yes No No No No Yes Not officially[69] No Yes Yes[23] Yes Yes[23] No Yes No No Yes
MXF No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No Yes No No Yes[56]
Ogg[37][60] Yes No No No With OGMtools[70] No With OGMtools[70] No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No Yes No Yes No
QuickTime[40] No No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes
RMVB No No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
WebM[45] No No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No No No
VOB No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No

Subtitle/caption formats support

Type[71] Image HTML XML Text with styling Text without styling
Format VobSub DVB-SUB PGS[v] XSUB SAMI SMIL CMML Universal Subtitle Format MPEG-4 Timed Text SubRip[w] WebVTT (Advanced) SubStation Alpha JACOsub MicroDVD MPSub, SubViewer, VPlayer
3GP, 3G2 No No No No No No No No Yes As MPEG-4 Timed Text[72] As MPEG-4 Timed Text[72] No No No No
ASF[48] No No No No Yes No No No No As SAMI[33] No No No No No
AVI With third party modifications No No With third party modifications[73][74] With third party modifications[75] No No With third party modifications[75] No With third party modifications[66][75] No With third party modifications[66][75] No With third party modifications[75] No
DivX Media Format No No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No
EVO No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No
FLV No No No No No No No No No No No No No No No
F4V No No No No No No No No Yes No No No No No No
Matroska Yes[76] Pending[54] Pending[54] No No No No Yes No[x] Yes[78] Yes[79] Yes[80] No No No
MPEG-PS, MPEG-TS[27] No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No
MPEG-2 TS No No Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No
MPEG-4 Yes No No No No No No No Yes As MPEG-4 Timed Text[72][81] Pending[82] No No No No
MXF[30][29] No Yes No No As SMPTE-TT[31][32][33] No No No No As SMPTE-TT[31][32][33] As SMPTE-TT[31][32][33] As SMPTE-TT[31][32][33] No No No
Ogg[37][60] No No No No No No Deprecated No No As Ogg Kate[35][83] No No No As Ogg Writ[70][84] No
QuickTime Not officially No No No No Only QuickTime SMIL No No Yes[40] As MPEG-4 Timed Text[72] As MPEG-4 Timed Text[72] No No No No
RMVB No No No No No Only RealText No No No No No No No No No
WebM[45] No No No No No No No No No As WebVTT Yes No No No No
VOB Yes No No No No No No No No No No No No No No

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b The ability to display interactive menus as with DVDs.
  2. ^ a b The ability to hold additional files such as fonts for subtitles, etc.
  3. ^ ACM cannot handle VBR audio streams in AVI files. Thus, software using ACM to read audio from AVI files will not be able to handle VBR audio streams correctly, even though such files are compliant to the AVI file specification. This is a limitation of the ACM, not of the AVI file format.
  4. ^ Although AVI is not designed for variable framerates, it is possible to use them without creating a non-standard file by using 0-byte chunks for skipped frames. However it requires framerate to be set to Least common multiple of all framerates used, and produces slight overhead compared to true VFR.
  5. ^ Although FFmpeg has introduced a solution to put Vorbis audio into AVI files, this "extension" is not compatible with existing Vorbis decoders for DirectShow and ACM. Putting Vorbis in an AVI container is very problematic. The way Nandub stored Vorbis audio streams in AVI files occasionally caused desychronisation when seeking.
  6. ^ Adobe Flash Video File Format Specification[3], pp. 7-8, sec. 1.8.
  7. ^ a b Support for H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and AAC was added in Adobe Flash Player 9 Update 3 version 9.0.115.0.[4]
  8. ^ Adobe Flash Video File Format Specification[3], p. 70, sec. E.4.3.2.
  9. ^ Although CoreCodec holds the copyrights and trademarks for the Matroska specification, the specifications are open to everybody. The source code of the libraries developed by the Matroska team is licensed under the LGPL and BSD licenses.
  10. ^ Anyone can use it or modify it for their own needs without paying any license or patents. [6][7]
  11. ^ a b Matroska is designed to store VBR and VFR content.[8]
  12. ^ Matroska can be streamed over HTTP and RTP/RTSP, through it is not meant to be streamed over RTP, as the two have duplicate features. Matroska live streams are different from the files and some features of the file format are not supported in live streams. [13]
  13. ^ Companies producing Matroska-supporting hardware include Asus[16], OPPO Digital[17], Panasonic[18], and LG[19]
  14. ^ Menu is possible but not specified.[21]
  15. ^ B-frames in an AVI file are a problem only for the ancient Video-for-Windows API, not for the AVI container itself.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Matroska can support some codecs when wrapped inside specific Microsoft Windows data structures[52], but support outside Windows may be limited.[8]
  17. ^ Not covered by the latest iteration of the standard. [58]
  18. ^ a b c VLC supports some video codecs in Ogg not officially covered by the specifications of Ogg.[61]
  19. ^ RealAudio includes ATRAC3.
  20. ^ a b Setting dwSampleSize to 0 in the stream headers triggers VBR stream seeking.[64]
  21. ^ Older types of RealAudio (including ATRAC3) use constant bitrate compression, and therefore are fully compatible with the ancient ACM interface. Newest type of RealAudio is actually AAC, which never has been a problem to the DirectShow-based decoders.
  22. ^ HDMV PGS subtitles are used on HD DVD and Blu-ray.
  23. ^ SubRip can be converted losslessly to and from native subtitle formats of several containers, and this conversion is supported by many common tools.
  24. ^ MPEG-4 Timed Text subtitles aren't supported in Matroska according to developer of MKVToolNix.[77]

References

  1. ^ Transparent end-to-end packet switched streaming service (PSS); 3GPP file format (3GP) (Specification). Version 15.0.0 (2018-06). Valbonne, France: 3GPP. 22 June 2018. 3GPP TS 26.244. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
  2. ^ AVI (Audio Video Interleaved) File Format (Full draft). Sustainability of Digital Formats. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 9 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  3. ^ a b c Adobe Flash Video File Format Specification (PDF) (Specification). Version 10.1. San Jose, CA: Adobe Inc. 3 September 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  4. ^ "Adobe Delivers Flash Player 9 with H.264 Video Support" (Press release). San Jose, CA: Adobe Inc. 4 December 2007. Archived from the original on 5 December 2007. Retrieved 21 July 2017. {{cite press release}}: |archive-date= / |archive-url= timestamp mismatch; 12 December 2007 suggested (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ H.264/MPEG-4 AVC What just happened to video on the web? "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-01-06. Retrieved 2009-08-12. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  6. ^ Lhomme, Steve; Vialle, Ludovic; Bunkus, Moritz (2018). "Legal Aspect" (License). Roubaix, France: Matroska. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  7. ^ Matroska Multimedia Container (Partial draft). Sustainability of Digital Formats. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 21 December 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  8. ^ a b "Matroska FAQ" (FAQ). Matroska. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  9. ^ Chapter Specifications (Specification). Matroska. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  10. ^ "Subtitles" (Index). Matroska. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  11. ^ Tag Specifications (Specification). Matroska. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  12. ^ Menu Specifications (Draft). Matroska. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  13. ^ "Matroska Streaming" (Guide). Matroska. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  14. ^ a b c "Elements semantic". Specifications (Draft). Matroska. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  15. ^ a b c Lhomme, Steve (19 September 2010). "Matroska Stereo 3D" (Press release). Matroska. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  16. ^ ASUS Digital Media Player Archived 2009-09-18 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ Oppodigital.com OPPO BDP-83 Blue-ray Disc Player
  18. ^ Gizmodo.com, Samsung's 2009 HDTV Lineup Leaked
  19. ^ Asia.cnet.com Archived 2011-09-07 at the Wayback Machine How to select the right LG HDTV
  20. ^ a b c Lhomme, Steve; Kärkkäinen, Lasse (17 July 2002). MCF specification, technical part (Draft). Development version 0. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  21. ^ Lhomme, Steve; Kärkkäinen, Lasse (17 July 2002). "MCF specification, introduction". Mukoli (Project). Alban Bedel, BlackSun, ChristianHJW, Dago, Doom9, EverWicked, Ingo, Avery Lee. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  22. ^ Lhomme, Steve; Kärkkäinen, Lasse (17 July 2002). MCF specification, technical part/streaming (Draft). Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  23. ^ a b c d "Codecs". MP4RA - The MP4 Registration Authority - Official Registration Authority for the ISOBMFF family of standards (Registry). ISO. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  24. ^ a b Information technology - Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems (PDF) (Standard) (2nd ed.). ISO. 1 December 2000. ISO/IEC 13818-1:2000. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010.
  25. ^ a b DVD-Video - MPEG differences (Specification). DVD Resources for Open Source Development. 2004. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  26. ^ Lee, Jae-Beom; Kalva, Hari (19 August 2008). The VC-1 and H.264 Video Compression Standards for Broadband Video Services (1st ed.). Springer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-387-71042-6. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  27. ^ a b c d e "List of Registered MPEG TS Identifiers". SMPTE Registration Authority, LLC (Registry). White Plains, NY: SMPTE. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  28. ^ Material Exchange Format (MXF) (Full draft). Sustainability of Digital Formats. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 17 January 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  29. ^ a b Last Name, First Name (9 May 2012). Transport of subtitles using MXF in an IT-Based Television Production Environment (PDF) (Recommendation) (1st ed.). Geneva: EBU. p. 8. EBU R 133. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  30. ^ a b "Timed Text Track Files". Cinepedia (Guide). 11 March 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  31. ^ a b c d e D-Cinema Packaging - Timed Text Track File (Standard). White Plains, NY: SMPTE. 9 March 2009. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.ST429-5.2009. ISBN 978-1-61482-578-4. SMPTE ST 429-5:2009 – via IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
  32. ^ a b c d e Timed Text Format (SMPTE-TT) (Standard). White Plains, NY: SMPTE. 5 June 2013. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.ST2052-1.2013. ISBN 978-1-61482-759-7. SMPTE ST 2052-1:2013 – via IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
  33. ^ a b c d e f "ccConvert Suite for Closed Captioning" (Product). Toronto: Drastic Technologies. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  34. ^ MXF Mappings for VI Lines and Ancillary Data Packets (Standard). White Plains, NY: SMPTE. 6 November 2013. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.ST436-1.2013. ISBN 978-1-61482-783-2. SMPTE ST 436-1:2013 – via IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
  35. ^ a b OggKate (Specification). Xiph.Org Foundation. 21 November 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  36. ^ a b MIME Types and File Extensions (Specification). Xiph.Org Foundation. 30 April 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  37. ^ a b c d e Gonçalves, Ivo; Pfeiffer, Silvia; Montgomery, Christopher (September 2008). Ogg Media Types. IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC5334. RFC 5334. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  38. ^ Metadata (Specification). Xiph.Org Foundation. 24 July 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  39. ^ QuickTime File Format (Full draft). Sustainability of Digital Formats. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. 14 February 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  40. ^ a b c d "Media Data Atom Types". QuickTime File Format Specification (Specification). Cupertino, CA: Apple, Inc. 13 September 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  41. ^ a b "If an audio or video file doesn't play on Mac". Apple Support (Knowledge base article). Cupertino, CA: Apple, Inc. 19 May 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  42. ^ "WebM Bitstream Specification License". The WebM Project (License). Google. 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  43. ^ "Software License". The WebM Project (License). Google. 2010. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  44. ^ "Additional IP Rights Grant (Patents)". The WebM Project (License). Google. 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  45. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k WebM Container Guidelines (Specification). WebM Project. 28 November 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  46. ^ "Instructions to do WebM live streaming via DASH". The WebM Wiki (Guide). The WebM Project. 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  47. ^ VP8 Encode Parameter Guide (Manual). The WebM Project. 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  48. ^ a b c d e f Supported Media Formats in Media Foundation (Specification). Microsoft. 30 May 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  49. ^ a b Wilson, Dave (2016). "Video Codecs by FOURCC". FOURCC.org (Index). Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  50. ^ "Dirac". SourceForge (Repository). 4 June 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  51. ^ "HuffYUV". Codecs.com (Repository). Version 2.2.0. 4 May 2004. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  52. ^ Codec Specs (Specification). Matroska. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  53. ^ Bunkus, Moritz (22 June 2019). "News". MKVToolNix - Matroska tools for Linux/Unix and Windows (Changelog). Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  54. ^ a b c Lhomme, Steve; Bunkus, Moritz; Rice, Dave (9 January 2019). Matroska Codec. Version 01. IETF. I-D draft-ietf-cellar-codec-01. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  55. ^ Recommended Practice - VC-1 Bitstream Storage in the ISO Base Media File Format (Recommendation). White Plains, NY: SMPTE. 4 April 2007. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.RP2025.2007. ISBN 978-1-61482-251-6. SMPTE RP 2025:2007 – via IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
  56. ^ a b For Television - Material Exchange Format (MXF) - Mapping DV-DIF Data to the MXF Generic Container (Standard) (Standard). White Plains, NY: SMPTE. 13 March 2008. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.ST383.2008. ISBN 978-1-61482-525-8. SMPTE ST 383:2008 – via IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
  57. ^ "31FS Material Exchange Format - Mapping HEVC Streams into the MXF Generic Container". SMPTE (Project). 11 February 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  58. ^ Material Exchange Format - Mapping AVC Streams into the MXF Generic Container (Standard). White Plains, NY: SMPTE. 22 September 2017. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.ST381-3.2017. ISBN 978-1-68303-108-6. SMPTE ST 381-3:2017 – via IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
  59. ^ Material Exchange Format (MXF) - File Format Specification (Standard). White Plains, NY: SMPTE. 7 June 2011. doi:10.5594/SMPTE.ST377-1.2011. ISBN 978-1-61482-517-3. SMPTE ST 377-1:2011 – via IEEE Xplore Digital Library.
  60. ^ a b c Specification of MIME types and respective codecs parameter (Specification). Xiph.Org Foundation. 17 November 2015. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  61. ^ "Ogg". VideoLAN Wiki (Guide). 30 October 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  62. ^ a b Media container formats (file types) (Specification). Mozilla. 13 June 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  63. ^ "Using HEIF or HEVC media on Apple devices". Apple Support (Knowledge base article). Cupertino, CA: Apple, Inc. 12 April 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  64. ^ AVISTREAMHEADER Structure (Specification). Microsoft. 6 March 2008. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  65. ^ a b Noé, Alexander (2006). "Myths about AVI" (Guide). Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  66. ^ a b c Noé, Alexander (26 August 2010). "AVI-Mux GUI" (Project). 1.17.8.3. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  67. ^ Supported output formats (Specification). Avidemux. 11 November 2012. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  68. ^ "Annex F: AC-3 and Enhanced AC-3 bit streams in the ISO Base Media File Format". Digital Audio Compression (AC-3, Enhanced AC-3) Standard (PDF) (Standard). Version 1.4.1 (2017-09). Valbonne, France: ETSI. 1 September 2017. ETSI TS 102 366. Retrieved 22 July 2019.
  69. ^ Encapsulation of FLAC in ISO Base Media File Format. GitHub (Draft). Version 0.0.4. Xiph.Org Foundation. 27 October 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  70. ^ a b c Bunkus, Moritz. "OGMtools" (Project). Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  71. ^ "Subtitles codecs". VideoLAN Wiki (Guide). 1 April 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  72. ^ a b c d e Concolato, Cyril (4 September 2014). Subtitling with GPAC (Manual). GPAC. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  73. ^ "AVIAddXSubs" (Project). 19 April 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  74. ^ DivX - How do I play a video file with subtitles in the DivX Player?
  75. ^ a b c d e "DirectVobSub (VSFilter)". Codecs.com (Repository). Version 2.46.4616. 15 July 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  76. ^ Images Subtitles (Specification). Matroska. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  77. ^ Bunkus, Moritz (25 February 2018). "Subtitles importation issue with an MP4 file". GitLab - MKVToolNix (Forum message). Retrieved 21 July 2019. Well, MPEG-4 Timed Text subtitles are standard for the MP4 container format, they just aren't supported in anything else out there. ...
  78. ^ SRT Subtitles (Specification). Matroska. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  79. ^ WebVTT (Specification). Matroska. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  80. ^ SSA/ASS Subtitles (Specification). Matroska. 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  81. ^ "MP4 FAQ". Doom9's Forum (FAQ). 4 September 2008. Retrieved 22 July 2019. ... the MPEG-4 Standard defines its own Text Stream/Subtitle Format under ISO 14496-17 (MPEG-4 Timed Text) ... another way covered by the MPEG-4 Standard for storing subs in MP4 is to translate the subtitle format into the XMT/BT format and then to encode it as "advanced content" (BIFS binary format) in MP4. Use mp4box or dvd2mp4gui for example to convert SRT subs ...
  82. ^ Concolato, Cyril (11 September 2013). Carriage of WebVTT and TTML in MP4 files (Draft). W3C. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  83. ^ Cherlin, Edward; Wilson, Holmes; Gerber, Jan; Lang, Susanne (15 August 2009). "Embedding Subtitles". In Hyde, Adam (ed.). Ogg Theora Cook Book. Berlin. Retrieved 21 July 2019.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  84. ^ OggWrit (Draft). Xiph.Org Foundation. 10 November 2007. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
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