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They may be formed by crystallization from a water solution, or by melting a carbonate and sulfate together.
They may be formed by crystallization from a water solution, or by melting a carbonate and sulfate together.


In some structures carbonate and sulfate can substitute for each other. For example a range from 1.4 to 2.2 Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>•Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> is stable as a solid solution.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Green |first1=Stanley J. |last2=Frattali |first2=Francis J. |title=The System Sodium Carbonate-Sodium Sulfate-Sodium Hydroxide-Water at 100° |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |date=September 1946 |volume=68 |issue=9 |pages=1789–1794 |doi=10.1021/ja01213a033}}</ref> Silvialite can substitute about half its sulfate with carbonate<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Teertstra|first=D. K.|last2=Schindler|first2=M.|last3=Sherriff|first3=B. L.|last4=Hawthorne|first4=F. C.|date=June 1999|title=Silvialite, a new sulfate-dominant member of the scapolite group with an Al-Si composition near the 14/ m – P 4 2 / n phase transition|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0026461X00009142/type/journal_article|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|language=en|volume=63|issue=3|pages=321–329|doi=10.1180/002646199548547|issn=0026-461X|via=}}</ref> and the high temperature hexagonal form of sodium sulfate (I) Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> can substitute unlimited proportions of carbonate instead of sulfate.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Eysel|first=W.|last2=Höfer|first2=H. H.|last3=Keester|first3=K. L.|last4=Hahn|first4=Th.|date=1985-02-01|title=Crystal chemistry and structure of Na 2 SO 4 (I) and its solid solutions|url=http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0108768185001501|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science|volume=41|issue=1|pages=5–11|doi=10.1107/S0108768185001501|issn=0108-7681}}</ref>
In some structures carbonate and sulfate can substitute for each other. For example a range from 1.4 to 2.2 Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>•Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> is stable as a solid solution.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Green |first1=Stanley J. |last2=Frattali |first2=Francis J. |title=The System Sodium Carbonate-Sodium Sulfate-Sodium Hydroxide-Water at 100° |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society |date=September 1946 |volume=68 |issue=9 |pages=1789–1794 |doi=10.1021/ja01213a033}}</ref> Silvialite can substitute about half its sulfate with carbonate<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Teertstra|first1=D. K.|last2=Schindler|first2=M.|last3=Sherriff|first3=B. L.|last4=Hawthorne|first4=F. C.|date=June 1999|title=Silvialite, a new sulfate-dominant member of the scapolite group with an Al-Si composition near the 14/ m – P 4 2 / n phase transition|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0026461X00009142/type/journal_article|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|language=en|volume=63|issue=3|pages=321–329|doi=10.1180/002646199548547|bibcode=1999MinM...63..321T|s2cid=129588463|issn=0026-461X|via=}}</ref> and the high temperature hexagonal form of sodium sulfate (I) Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> can substitute unlimited proportions of carbonate instead of sulfate.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Eysel|first1=W.|last2=Höfer|first2=H. H.|last3=Keester|first3=K. L.|last4=Hahn|first4=Th.|date=1985-02-01|title=Crystal chemistry and structure of Na 2 SO 4 (I) and its solid solutions|url=http://scripts.iucr.org/cgi-bin/paper?S0108768185001501|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science|volume=41|issue=1|pages=5–11|doi=10.1107/S0108768185001501|issn=0108-7681}}</ref>


==Minerals==
==Minerals==
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|<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Biagioni|first=Cristian|last2=Orlandi|first2=Paolo|date=2017-12-01|title=Claraite, (Cu,Zn)15(AsO4)2(CO3)4(SO4)(OH)14·7H2O: redefinition and crystal structure|url=http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/ejm/detail/29/88530/Claraite_Cu_Zn_15_AsO4_2_CO3_4_SO4_OH_14_7H2O_rede?af=crossref|journal=European Journal of Mineralogy|language=en|volume=29|issue=6|pages=1031–1044|doi=10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2669|issn=0935-1221}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Biagioni|first1=Cristian|last2=Orlandi|first2=Paolo|date=2017-12-01|title=Claraite, (Cu,Zn)15(AsO4)2(CO3)4(SO4)(OH)14·7H2O: redefinition and crystal structure|url=http://www.schweizerbart.de/papers/ejm/detail/29/88530/Claraite_Cu_Zn_15_AsO4_2_CO3_4_SO4_OH_14_7H2O_rede?af=crossref|journal=European Journal of Mineralogy|language=en|volume=29|issue=6|pages=1031–1044|doi=10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2669|bibcode=2017EJMin..29.1031B|hdl=11568/895507|issn=0935-1221}}</ref>
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|[[ferrotychite]]
|[[ferrotychite]]
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Max birefringence: δ = 0.020
Max birefringence: δ = 0.020
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Callegari|first=Athos Maria|last2=Boiocchi|first2=Massimo|last3=Zema|first3=Michele|last4=Tarantino|first4=Serena Chiara|date=2018-08-01|title=The crystal structure of hanksite, Na 22 K(CO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 9 Cl, refined from high-resolution X-ray diffraction data|url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.1127/njma/2018/0113|journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry|language=en|volume=195|issue=2|pages=115–122|doi=10.1127/njma/2018/0113|issn=0077-7757}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Callegari|first1=Athos Maria|last2=Boiocchi|first2=Massimo|last3=Zema|first3=Michele|last4=Tarantino|first4=Serena Chiara|date=2018-08-01|title=The crystal structure of hanksite, Na 22 K(CO 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 9 Cl, refined from high-resolution X-ray diffraction data|journal=Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry|language=en|volume=195|issue=2|pages=115–122|doi=10.1127/njma/2018/0113|issn=0077-7757}}</ref>
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|[[Hauckite]]
|[[Hauckite]]
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|[[Mineevite-(Y)|Mineevite-Y]]
|[[Mineevite-(Y)|Mineevite-Y]]
|Na<sub>25</sub>BaY<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>11</sub>(HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>Cl<ref name=jones>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=G. C. |last2=Jackson |first2=B. |title=Infrared Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals |date=2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-94-011-2120-0 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com.au/books?id=SCUrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT18 |language=en}}</ref>
|Na<sub>25</sub>BaY<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>11</sub>(HCO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>(CO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>Cl<ref name=jones>{{cite book |last1=Jones |first1=G. C. |last2=Jackson |first2=B. |title=Infrared Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals |date=2012 |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-94-011-2120-0 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCUrBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT18 |language=en}}</ref>
|Hexagonal
|Hexagonal
|''P''6<sub>3</sub>/''m''
|''P''6<sub>3</sub>/''m''
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|<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaneva|first=Ekaterina|date=2015-09-01|title=Investigation of the sulfur speciation in cancrinite group minerals using Single crystal X-ray difraction analysis [in Russian]|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284486224_Investigation_of_the_sulfur_speciation_in_cancrinite_group_minerals_using_Single_crystal_X-ray_difraction_analysis_in_Russian}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaneva|first=Ekaterina|date=2015-09-01|title=Investigation of the sulfur speciation in cancrinite group minerals using Single crystal X-ray difraction analysis [in Russian]|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284486224}}</ref>
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|Kalium-schröckingerite
|Kalium-schröckingerite
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|<ref>{{Cite web|last=Swanson|first=Howard E.|last2=McMurdie|first2=Howard F.|last3=Morris|first3=Marlene C.|last4=Evans|first4=Eloise H.|last5=Paretzkin|first5=Boris|date=February 1974|title=Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns: Section 11. Data for 70 Substances|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc13203/m1/57/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-09|website=UNT Digital Library|page=51|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Jinsheng|last2=Wu|first2=Yinghai|last3=Anthony|first3=Edward J.|date=July 2007|title=Reactions of solid CaSO4 and Na2CO3 and formation of sodium carbonate sulfate double salts|journal=Thermochimica Acta|volume=459|issue=1-2|pages=121–124|doi=10.1016/j.tca.2007.04.014}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Swanson|first1=Howard E.|last2=McMurdie|first2=Howard F.|last3=Morris|first3=Marlene C.|last4=Evans|first4=Eloise H.|last5=Paretzkin|first5=Boris|date=February 1974|title=Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns: Section 11. Data for 70 Substances|url=https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc13203/m1/57/|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-06-09|website=UNT Digital Library|page=51|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wang|first1=Jinsheng|last2=Wu|first2=Yinghai|last3=Anthony|first3=Edward J.|date=July 2007|title=Reactions of solid CaSO4 and Na2CO3 and formation of sodium carbonate sulfate double salts|journal=Thermochimica Acta|volume=459|issue=1–2|pages=121–124|doi=10.1016/j.tca.2007.04.014}}</ref>
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|<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Livingstone|first=A.|date=September 1987|title=A basic magnesium carbonate, a possible dimorph of artinite, from Unst, Shetland|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0026461X00021794/type/journal_article|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|language=en|volume=51|issue=361|pages=459–462|doi=10.1180/minmag.1987.051.361.13|issn=0026-461X|via=}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Livingstone|first=A.|date=September 1987|title=A basic magnesium carbonate, a possible dimorph of artinite, from Unst, Shetland|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0026461X00021794/type/journal_article|journal=Mineralogical Magazine|language=en|volume=51|issue=361|pages=459–462|doi=10.1180/minmag.1987.051.361.13|bibcode=1987MinM...51..459L|issn=0026-461X|via=}}</ref>
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|LDH-SO4-CO3
|LDH-SO4-CO3
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|layered
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|<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Wu|first=Jiansong|last2=Yang|first2=Yifeng|date=October 2019|title=Synthesis and Structural Analysis of LDH-SO4-CO3 Whisker|url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11595-019-2163-2|journal=Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed.|language=en|volume=34|issue=5|pages=1085–1088|doi=10.1007/s11595-019-2163-2|issn=1000-2413|via=}}</ref>
|<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Wu|first1=Jiansong|last2=Yang|first2=Yifeng|date=October 2019|title=Synthesis and Structural Analysis of LDH-SO4-CO3 Whisker|journal=Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed.|language=en|volume=34|issue=5|pages=1085–1088|doi=10.1007/s11595-019-2163-2|s2cid=203852725|issn=1000-2413}}</ref>
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|dark red
|dark red
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|<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Macikenas|first=Dainius|last2=Hazell|first2=R. G.|last3=Christensen|first3=A. Nørlund|last4=Balashev|first4=Konstantin P.|last5=Songstad|first5=Jon|last6=Mo|first6=Frode|last7=Bartfai|first7=Tamas|last8=Langel|first8=Ülo|date=1995|title=X-Ray Crystallographic Study of Tetrammine-Carbonatocobalt(III) Sulfate Trihydrate, [Co(NH3)4CO3]2SO4.3H2O.|url=http://actachemscand.org/doi/10.3891/acta.chem.scand.49-0636|journal=Acta Chemica Scandinavica|language=en|volume=49|pages=636–639|doi=10.3891/acta.chem.scand.49-0636|issn=0904-213X}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Macikenas|first1=Dainius|last2=Hazell|first2=R. G.|last3=Christensen|first3=A. Nørlund|last4=Balashev|first4=Konstantin P.|last5=Songstad|first5=Jon|last6=Mo|first6=Frode|last7=Bartfai|first7=Tamas|last8=Langel|first8=Ülo|date=1995|title=X-Ray Crystallographic Study of Tetrammine-Carbonatocobalt(III) Sulfate Trihydrate, [Co(NH3)4CO3]2SO4.3H2O.|journal=Acta Chemica Scandinavica|language=en|volume=49|pages=636–639|doi=10.3891/acta.chem.scand.49-0636|issn=0904-213X}}</ref>
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|μ-Carbonato-bis(pentaamminecobalt(III)) sulfate tetrahydrate
|μ-Carbonato-bis(pentaamminecobalt(III)) sulfate tetrahydrate
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|dark red
|dark red
|49731-04-6
|49731-04-6
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kremer|first=Eduardo|last2=Piriz Mac-Coll|first2=Carlos R.|date=October 1971|title=.mu.-Carbonato-bis(pentaamminecobalt(III)) salts|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic50104a018|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|language=en|volume=10|issue=10|pages=2182–2186|doi=10.1021/ic50104a018|issn=0020-1669|via=}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Kremer|first1=Eduardo|last2=Piriz Mac-Coll|first2=Carlos R.|date=October 1971|title=.mu.-Carbonato-bis(pentaamminecobalt(III)) salts|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|language=en|volume=10|issue=10|pages=2182–2186|doi=10.1021/ic50104a018|issn=0020-1669}}</ref>
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|μ-Carbonato-μ-dihydroxo-bis(triamminecobalt(III)) sulfate pentahydrate
|μ-Carbonato-μ-dihydroxo-bis(triamminecobalt(III)) sulfate pentahydrate
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|dark red
|dark red
|75476-69-6
|75476-69-6
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Churchill|first=Melvyn Rowen.|last2=Lashewycz|first2=Romana A.|last3=Koshy|first3=Kanayuthu.|last4=Dasgupta|first4=Tara P.|date=February 1981|title=Synthesis, properties, and crystallographic characterization of a dinuclear .mu.-carbonato complex of cobalt(III): [(NH3)3Co(.mu.-OH)2(.mu.-CO3)Co(NH3)3]SO4.5H2O|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic50216a012|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|language=en|volume=20|issue=2|pages=376–381|doi=10.1021/ic50216a012|issn=0020-1669|via=}}</ref>
|<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Churchill|first1=Melvyn Rowen.|last2=Lashewycz|first2=Romana A.|last3=Koshy|first3=Kanayuthu.|last4=Dasgupta|first4=Tara P.|date=February 1981|title=Synthesis, properties, and crystallographic characterization of a dinuclear .mu.-carbonato complex of cobalt(III): [(NH3)3Co(.mu.-OH)2(.mu.-CO3)Co(NH3)3]SO4.5H2O|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|language=en|volume=20|issue=2|pages=376–381|doi=10.1021/ic50216a012|issn=0020-1669}}</ref>
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Revision as of 11:59, 26 August 2020

Hanksite

The sulfate carbonates are a compound carbonates, or mixed anion compounds that contain sulfate and carbonate ions. Sulfate carbonate minerals are in the 7.DG and 5.BF Nickel-Strunz groupings.[1]

They may be formed by crystallization from a water solution, or by melting a carbonate and sulfate together.

In some structures carbonate and sulfate can substitute for each other. For example a range from 1.4 to 2.2 Na2SO4•Na2CO3 is stable as a solid solution.[2] Silvialite can substitute about half its sulfate with carbonate[3] and the high temperature hexagonal form of sodium sulfate (I) Na2SO4 can substitute unlimited proportions of carbonate instead of sulfate.[4]

Minerals

name formula system space group unit cell volume

ų

density optical ref
Brianyoungite Zn12(CO3)3(SO4)(OH)16 Monoclinic P21/m a = 15.724 b = 6.256 c = 5.427 β = 90° 533.8 4.09 Biaxial nα = 1.635 nβ = 1.650 [5]
burkeite Na6(CO3)(SO4)2 orthorhombic a = 7.05 b = 9.21 c = 5.16 335.04 2.57 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.448 nβ = 1.489 nγ = 1.493

2V: measured: 34° , calculated: 32°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.045

[6]
caledonite Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 Orthorhombic Pmn21 a = 20.089 b = 7.146 c = 6.56 941.7 5.77 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.818(3) nβ = 1.866(3) nγ = 1.909(3)

2V: measured: 85° , calculated: 84°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.091

bluish green

[7]
Carraraite Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O hexagonal P63/m? a = 11.056 c = 10.629 1125.17 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.479(1) nε = 1.509(1)

Max birefringence: δ = 0.030

[8]
Carbonatecyanotrichite Cu4Al2(CO3,SO4)(OH)12 · 2H2O Orthorhombic Biaxial (+) nα = 1.616 nβ = 1.630 nγ = 1.677

2V: measured: 55° to 60°, calculated: 60°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.061

pale blue

[9]
Claraite (Cu,Zn)15(AsO4)2(CO3)4(SO4)(OH)14·7H2O triclinic P1 a = 10.3343 b = 12.8212 c = 14.7889 α = 113.196°, β = 90.811°, γ = 89.818° 1800.9 [10]
ferrotychite Na6(Fe,Mn,Mg)2(CO3)4(SO4)[1] Isometric Fd3 a = 13.962 2,721.7 2.79 Isotropic n = 1.550 [11]
Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl hexagonal P 63/m a = 10.4896 c = 21.2415 2024.1 2.562 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.481 nε = 1.461

Max birefringence: δ = 0.020

[12]
Hauckite Fe3+3(Mg,Mn2+)24Zn18(SO4)4(CO3)2(OH)81 hexagonal P6/mmm a = 9.17 c = 30.21 2200 3.02 Uniaxial (+) nω = 1.630 nε = 1.638

Max birefringence: δ = 0.008

[13]
Jouravskite Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O Hexagonal P63 a = 11.0713 c = 10.6265 Z=3 1128.02 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.556 nε = 1.540

Max birefringence: δ = 0.016

[14]
Korkinoite Ca4(SO4)2(CO3)2 · 9H2O Orthorhombic Pmmm Biaxial (+) [15]
Latiumite (Ca,K)4(Si,Al)5O11(SO4,CO3) Monoclinic a = 12.06 Å, b = 5.08 Å, c = 10.81 Å

β = 106°

636.6 Biaxial (+/-) nα = 1.600 - 1.603 nβ = 1.606 - 1.609 nγ = 1.614 - 1.615

2V: measured: 83° to 90°, calculated: 84° to 88°

Max Birefringence: δ = 0.014

[16]
leadhillite Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2 Monoclinic P21/b a = 9.11 b = 20.82 c = 11.59

β = 90.46°

2198 6.55 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.870 nβ = 2.009 nγ = 2.010

2V: 10°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.140

[17][18]
macphersonite Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2[17] Orthorhombic a = 10.38 b = 23.05 c = 9.242 2211.8 Biaxial (-) nα = 1.870 nβ = 2.000 nγ = 2.010

2V: measured: 35° calculated: 28°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.140

[19]
Manganotychite Na6(Mn,Fe,Mg)2(SO4)(CO3)4[17] Isometric Fd3 a = 13.9951 2,741.12 2.7 n = 1.544 pink [20]
Mineevite-Y Na25BaY2(SO4)11(HCO3)4(CO3)2F2Cl[17] Hexagonal P63/m a = 8.811 c = 37.03 Z=2 2489.6 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.536 nε = 1.510

Max birefringence: δ = 0.026

pale green

[21]
Nakauriite Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6•48H2O orthorhombic a = 14.58 b = 11.47 c = 16.22 2,712.5 2.39 blue

Biaxial (-) nα = 1.585 nβ = 1.604 nγ = 1.612

2V: measured: 65° , calculated: 64°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.027

[22]
Nasledovite PbMn3Al4(CO3)4(SO4)O5 · 5H2O 3.069 Biaxial [23]
Paraotwayite Ni(OH)2-x(SO4,CO3)0.5x monoclinic a = 7.89 b = 2.96 c = 13.63 β = 91.1° 318 3.30 Biaxial nα = 1.655 nγ = 1.705

Max birefringence: δ = 0.050

emerald-green

[24]
Philolithite Pb12Mn2+(Mg,Mn2+)2(Mn2+,Mg)4(CO3)4(SO4)O6(OH)12Cl4[1] Tetragonal a = 12.627 c = 12.595 2008.2 Biaxial (+) nα = 1.920 nβ = 1.940 nγ = 1.950

Max birefringence: δ = 0.030

apple green

[25]
Putnisite SrCa4Cr83+(CO3)8(SO4)(OH)16·25 H2O Orthorhombic Pnma a = 15.351 b = 20.421 c = 18.270 Z = 4 5727.3 Biaxial(-); α = 1.552 nβ = 1.583 nγ = 1.599

Max birefringence: δ =0.047

violet

[26]
Pyroaurite Mg6Fe2(SO4,CO3)(OH)16·4H2O Trigonal R3_m a = 3.1094 c = 23.4117 196.03 2.1 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.564 nε = 1.543

Max birefringence: δ = 0.021

[27]
Hexagonal P63/mmc a = 3.113 c = 15.61 131.01
Rapidcreekite Ca2(SO4)(CO3)•4H2O orthorhombic a = 15.49 b = 19.18 c = 6.15 1827.15 Biaxial (+) nα = 1.516 nβ = 1.518 nγ = 1.531

2V: measured: 45° , calculated: 44°

Max birefringence: δ = 0.015

[28]
Schröckingerite NaCa3(UO2)(SO4)(CO3)3F•10(H2O)[17] triclinic P1 a = 9.634 b = 9.635 c = 14.391

α = 91.41(1)°, β = 92.33(1)°, γ = 120.26(1)°

Biaxial (-) nα = 1.495 nβ = 1.543 nγ = 1.544

Max birefringence: δ = 0.049

[29]
Susannite Pb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2[1] trigonal P3 a = 9.07 Å, c = 11.57 Å Z=3 824.62 6.52 clear [30]
Tatarskite Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4•7H2O[31] Orthorhombic 2.341 nα = 1.567(2) nβ = 1.654(2) nγ = 1.722 biaxial(-) 2V=83 [32]
Thaumasite Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O hexagonal P63 a = 11.030 c = 10.396 1095.3 Uniaxial (-) nω = 1.507 nε = 1.468

Max birefringence: δ = 0.039

[33]
Tychite Na6Mg2(SO4)(CO3)4 Isometric Fd3 a = 13.9038 Z=8 2687.82 2.456 isotropic [34]
Alloriite Na19K6Ca5[Al22Si26O96](SO4)5Cl(CO3)x(H2O) trigonal P31c a = 12.892 c = 21.340 [35]
Kalium-schröckingerite KCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F•10H2O triclinic yellow [36]

Artificial

name formula formula weight crystal system space group unit cell volume density refractive index comment CAS reference
Na4CO3SO4 Hexagonal P3m1 a=5.2284 c=6.8808 Z=1 2.538 uniaxial (-) n=~1.45 [37][38]
Mg4(OH)2(CO3)2SO4·6H2O [39]
LDH-SO4-CO3 Mg6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2O P3m a=3.070 c=22.3 layered [40]
Co6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2O [40]
Cu6Al2SO4CO3(OH)14·4H2O [40]
Complexes
Tetrammine carbonatocobalt(III) sulfate trihydrate [Co(NH3)4CO3]2SO4·3H2O Monoclinic P21/c a=7.455 b=10.609 c=23.627 β =98.346 Z=4 1849 1.88 dark red [41]
μ-Carbonato-bis(pentaamminecobalt(III)) sulfate tetrahydrate [Co(NH3)5]2CO3SO4·4H2O dark red 49731-04-6 [42]
μ-Carbonato-μ-dihydroxo-bis(triamminecobalt(III)) sulfate pentahydrate [(NH3)3Co(μ-OH)2(μ-CO3)Co(NH3)3]SO4 . 5H2O 500.21 Triclinic a= 6.6914 b= 11.2847 c= 11.825, α = 92.766 β= 99.096 γ= 101.496 861.1 1.929 dark red 75476-69-6 [43]

References

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