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{{expand French|Paul d'Albert de Luynes|date=May 2019}}
{{expand French|Paul d'Albert de Luynes|date=May 2019}}
{{infobox officeholder
{{infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name =
| image = Paul de Luynes.jpg
| name = Paul d'Albert de Luynes
| image = Paul d'Albert de Luynes - Versailles MV 2984.png
| imagesize =
| imagesize =
| caption = ''Portrait of Cardinal de Luynes by François-Adrien Latinville''
| office = [[Archbishop of Sens]]
| office = [[Archbishop of Sens]]
| term_start = 1753
| term_start = 1753
Line 10: Line 12:
| predecessor = [[Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy]]
| predecessor = [[Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy]]
| successor = [[Loménie de Brienne]]
| successor = [[Loménie de Brienne]]
| office1 = [[Bishop of Bayeux]]
| term_start1 = 1729
| term_end1 = 1753
| predecessor1 = [[François Armand de Lothringen-Armagnac]]
| successor1 = [[Pierre-Jules César de Rochechouart-Montigny]]
| birth_date = {{birth date|1703|01|03|df=yes}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1703|01|03|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]], France
| birth_place = [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]], France
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| spouse =
| spouse =
| children =
| children =
| relations = [[Charles Philippe d'Albert de Luynes]] (brother)<br>[[Charles Honoré d'Albert, duc de Luynes]] (grandfather)<br>[[Philippe de Courcillon]] (grandfather)
| relations =
| signature = Luynes signature.jpg
}}
}}
{{infobox cardinalstyles
{{infobox cardinalstyles
| cardinal name=Giovanni Saldarini
| cardinal name=Paul d'Albert de Luynes
| dipstyle=His Eminence
| dipstyle=His Eminence
| offstyle=Your Eminence
| offstyle=Your Eminence
| See=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sens|Sens]]|
|See=Sens|
}}
}}
'''Paul d'Albert de Luynes''' (5 January 1703 – 21 January 1788) was a French prelate. He was elected the seventh occupant of [[Académie française]] seat 29 in 1743.
'''Paul d'Albert de Luynes''' (5 January 1703 – 21 January 1788) was a French prelate. He was elected the seventh occupant of [[Académie française]] seat 29 in 1743.


==Biography==
==Early life==
Paul d'Albert de Luynes was born on 5 January 1703 in [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]].<ref name="catholic-hierarchy">{{cite web |title=Paul Cardinal d’Albert de Luynes |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/balbdl.html |website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org |publisher=[[Catholic-Hierarchy]] |accessdate=9 November 2020}}</ref>
Paul d'Albert de Luynes was born on 5 January 1703 in the city of [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]], where his family occupied the [[Hôtel de Luynes]], a grand ''[[hôtel particulier]]''.<ref name="catholic-hierarchy">{{cite web |title=Paul Cardinal d’Albert de Luynes |url=https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/balbdl.html |website=www.catholic-hierarchy.org |publisher=[[Catholic-Hierarchy]] |accessdate=9 November 2020}}</ref> He was the second son of Marie Anne Jeanne de Courcillon (d. 1718) and Honoré-Charles d'Albert de Luynes (1669–1704).{{refn|group=lower-alpha|His father, [[Honoré Charles d'Albert de Luynes]] (1669–1704), was styled the ''[[Duke of Montfort]]'' then the ''[[Duke of Chevreuse]]'' until his death in 1704. His aunt, Marie Anne d'Albert de Luynes (1671–1694) was the wife of Charles François de Montmorency-Luxembourg (son of [[François Henri de Montmorency]]) and his uncle, Louis Auguste d'Albert de Luynes (1678–1744) married Marie Anne Romaine de Beaumanoir.}} His elder brother was [[Charles Philippe d'Albert de Luynes]], who became the 4th Duke of Luynes (and married Louise-Léontine de Bourbon, Princess of Neuchatel and a a granddaughter of [[Louis, Count of Soissons|Louis de Bourbon, Count of Soissons]]).<ref name="Luynes1860">{{cite book |last1=Luynes |first1=Charles-Philippe d'Albert duc de |title=Mémoires du duc de Luynes sur la cour de Louis XV (1735-1758) publiés sous le patronage de M. le duc de Luynes |date=1860 |publisher=Firmin Didot frères |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/M%C3%A9moires_du_duc_de_Luynes_sur_la_cour_d/s2E_AQAAMAAJ |accessdate=10 November 2020 |language=fr}}</ref>


His father was the eldest son of [[Charles Honoré d'Albert]], 3rd [[Duke of Luynes]], but did not become the Duke of Luynes because he died before his father. His maternal grandfather was [[Philippe de Courcillon]], the French officer and diarist. He was also the great-great-grandson of the [[Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes]], a favorite of King [[Louis XIII]].<ref name="Hatton1976">{{cite book |last1=Hatton |first1=Ragnhild Marie |title=Louis XIV and Absolution |date=1976 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-349-16981-8 |page=299 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Louis_XIV_and_Absolution/BXSuCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Charles+Honor%C3%A9+d%27Albert,+2nd+duc+de+Luynes&pg=PA299 |accessdate=10 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>
⚫
He was elected the seventh occupant of [[Académie française]] seat on 29 in 1743.


==Career==
De Luynes died in Paris on 21 January 1788.
On 17 February 1729, he was selected [[Bishop of Bayeux]], France. He was confirmed on 17 August 1729 and ordained on 25 September 1729.<ref name="catholic-hierarchy"/> On 9 August 1753, he was selected to succeeded [[Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy]] as [[Archbishop of Sens]].<ref name="Phillips1871">{{cite book |last1=Phillips |first1=Lawrence Barnett |title=The Dictionary of Biographical Reference Containing One Hundred Thousand Names Together with a Classed Index of the Biographical Literature of Europe and America by Lawrence B. Phillips |date=1871 |publisher=Sampson Low, Son & Marston |page=608 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Dictionary_of_Biographical_Reference/cfidHuRk-M0C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Paul+d%27Albert+de+Luynes&pg=PA608 |accessdate=10 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref> He resigned as Bishop of Bayeux on 21 September 1753 and was confirmed as Archbishop on 26 November 1753.<ref name="catholic-hierarchy"/>

Less than three years later on 5 April 1756, he was elevated to [[Cardinal (Catholic Church)|Cardinal]]. On 2 August 1758, he was installed as Cardinal-Priest of [[San Tommaso in Parione]].<ref name="catholic-hierarchy"/> Considered one of the "seminary-trained clerical aristocrats," the Cardinal was called upon in the [[Fontainebleau]] of [[Marie Antoinette]] to rebuke the fashionable vices of courtiers:<ref name="Mullett2002">{{cite book |last1=Mullett |first1=Michael |title=The Catholic Reformation |date=2002 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-65852-7 |page=162 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Catholic_Reformation/dN6FAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=his+eminence+Paul+d%27Albert+de+Luynes&pg=PA162 |accessdate=10 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

<blockquote>"Everything he had prepared had been composed in order to recall high society to the unassuming ways of real Christians. Some hundred of peasants, sitting on their clogs, surrounded by the baskets they had used to carry their vegetables or fruit to market, listened to His Eminence without understanding a single word he addressed to them...[But he was heard] to cry out, in the vehemence of the perfect pastor, 'My dear brethren, why do you bring this luxury with you into the very entrance to the sanctuary? Why do these velvet cushions, these laced and fringed handbags, lie in front of your entry into the Lord's house?"<ref name="Mullett2002"/></blockquote>

===Scientific interests===
During his time in Bayeux, he protected the [[Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Caen]] and from 1731 to 1753, his residence in [[Caen]] housed the sessions of the Academy. An amateur astronomer who was deeply interested in physics, he made several important astronomical observations and worked closely with Réginald Outhier.<ref name="encyclopedia"/>

⚫
He was elected the seventh occupant of [[Académie française]] seat on 29 in 1743.<ref name="catholic-hierarchy"/>

De Luynes endorsed the [[chocolate]] manufacturer Brasselard, a grocer based on the Rue de Tournon in the [[6th arrondissement of Paris]] who was also endorsed by the [[Société Royale de Médecine]].<ref name="Spary2014"/> In 1776, when correspondeding with the physician [[Théophile de Bordeu]] regarding de Bordeau's recommendation that the Cardinal refrain from eating chocolate, which his personal doctor encouraged, he wrote: "The view of the learned chemist who has analysed it and who concludes from these experiments that the use of [[cacao]] is very advantageous for old people, whose radical moisture dries out with age; the experiment I made over two years of the marked advantage that I always derived from it with regard to the looseness of the belly and the sweetening of my phlegm, have caused me to remain firm in my sentiment and the more so since it is not out of gourmandise that I am attached to it, my palate in no may please by the taste of cacao."<ref name="Spary2014">{{cite book |last1=Spary |first1=E. C. |title=Feeding France: New Sciences of Food, 1760–1815 |date=2014 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=978-1-139-95236-1 |page=141 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Feeding_France/BHKFAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Paul+d%27Albert+de+Luynes&pg=PA141 |accessdate=10 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>

==Personal life==
He had a summer residence in [[Sommervieu]] in the [[Normandy]] [[Regions of France|region]] in northwestern France.<ref name="encyclopedia">{{cite web |title=Outhier, Réginald |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/outhier-reginald |website=www.encyclopedia.com |publisher=[[Encyclopedia.com]] |accessdate=10 November 2020}}</ref>

De Luynes died in Paris on 21 January 1788.<ref name="Clavel1855">{{cite book |last1=Clavel |first1=Louis Auguste |title=Histoire chrétienne des diocèses de France, de Belgique, de Savoie et des bords du Rhin, etc |date=1855 |page=209 |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Histoire_chr%C3%A9tienne_des_dioc%C3%A8ses_de_Fr/n5xdAAAAcAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Paul+d%27Albert+de+Luynes&pg=PA209 |accessdate=10 November 2020 |language=fr}}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Anneau astro Luynes 2.png|Partial view of his astronomical ring
File:Anneau astro Luynes 1.jpg|His astronomical ring
File:Sceau de Paul d'Albert de Luynes.JPG|Paul d'Albert de Luynes's seal
File:Paul de Luynes.jpg|
File:Passage de Vénus sur le Soleil en 1761.png|Records of the passage of Venus in front of the Sun's disk.
</gallery>


==References==
==References==
;Notes
⚫
{{reflist|30em}}
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

;Sources
⚫
{{Reflist|30em}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{commons}}
*[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/balbdl.html Paul Cardinal d’Albert de Luynes †]
*[https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/balbdl.html Paul Cardinal d’Albert de Luynes †]


Line 46: Line 85:
| years = 9 December 1782 – 21 January 1788
| years = 9 December 1782 – 21 January 1788
| before = [[Ludovico Calini]]
| before = [[Ludovico Calini]]
| after = [[Francesco Maria Banditi]]
| after = [[Francesco Maria Banditi]]}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
}}
{{succession box
| before = [[Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy]]
| title = [[Archbishop of Sens]]
| years = 1753–1788
| after = [[Loménie de Brienne]]}}
{{succession box
| before = [[François Armand de Lothringen-Armagnac]]
| title = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Bayeux|Bishop of Bayeux]]
| years = 1729–1753
| after = [[Pierre-Jules César de Rochechouart-Montigny]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


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[[Category:House of Albert]]
[[Category:House of Albert]]
[[Category:18th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]
[[Category:18th-century Roman Catholic archbishops]]

{{KingdomofFrance-stub}}
{{France-RC-bishop-stub}}
{{RC-archbishop-stub}}
{{RC-cardinal-stub}}

Revision as of 17:42, 10 November 2020

His Eminence
Paul d'Albert de Luynes
Portrait of Cardinal de Luynes by François-Adrien Latinville
Archbishop of Sens
In office
1753–1788
Preceded byJean-Joseph Languet de Gergy
Succeeded byLoménie de Brienne
Bishop of Bayeux
In office
1729–1753
Preceded byFrançois Armand de Lothringen-Armagnac
Succeeded byPierre-Jules César de Rochechouart-Montigny
Personal details
Born(1703-01-03)3 January 1703
Versailles, France
Died21 January 1788(1788-01-21) (aged 85)
Paris, France
RelationsCharles Philippe d'Albert de Luynes (brother)
Charles Honoré d'Albert, duc de Luynes (grandfather)
Philippe de Courcillon (grandfather)
Signature
Styles of
Paul d'Albert de Luynes
Reference styleHis Eminence
Spoken styleYour Eminence
Informal styleCardinal
SeeSens

Paul d'Albert de Luynes (5 January 1703 – 21 January 1788) was a French prelate. He was elected the seventh occupant of Académie française seat 29 in 1743.

Early life

Paul d'Albert de Luynes was born on 5 January 1703 in the city of Versailles, where his family occupied the Hôtel de Luynes, a grand hôtel particulier.[1] He was the second son of Marie Anne Jeanne de Courcillon (d. 1718) and Honoré-Charles d'Albert de Luynes (1669–1704).[a] His elder brother was Charles Philippe d'Albert de Luynes, who became the 4th Duke of Luynes (and married Louise-Léontine de Bourbon, Princess of Neuchatel and a a granddaughter of Louis de Bourbon, Count of Soissons).[2]

His father was the eldest son of Charles Honoré d'Albert, 3rd Duke of Luynes, but did not become the Duke of Luynes because he died before his father. His maternal grandfather was Philippe de Courcillon, the French officer and diarist. He was also the great-great-grandson of the Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes, a favorite of King Louis XIII.[3]

Career

On 17 February 1729, he was selected Bishop of Bayeux, France. He was confirmed on 17 August 1729 and ordained on 25 September 1729.[1] On 9 August 1753, he was selected to succeeded Jean-Joseph Languet de Gergy as Archbishop of Sens.[4] He resigned as Bishop of Bayeux on 21 September 1753 and was confirmed as Archbishop on 26 November 1753.[1]

Less than three years later on 5 April 1756, he was elevated to Cardinal. On 2 August 1758, he was installed as Cardinal-Priest of San Tommaso in Parione.[1] Considered one of the "seminary-trained clerical aristocrats," the Cardinal was called upon in the Fontainebleau of Marie Antoinette to rebuke the fashionable vices of courtiers:[5]

"Everything he had prepared had been composed in order to recall high society to the unassuming ways of real Christians. Some hundred of peasants, sitting on their clogs, surrounded by the baskets they had used to carry their vegetables or fruit to market, listened to His Eminence without understanding a single word he addressed to them...[But he was heard] to cry out, in the vehemence of the perfect pastor, 'My dear brethren, why do you bring this luxury with you into the very entrance to the sanctuary? Why do these velvet cushions, these laced and fringed handbags, lie in front of your entry into the Lord's house?"[5]

Scientific interests

During his time in Bayeux, he protected the Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Caen and from 1731 to 1753, his residence in Caen housed the sessions of the Academy. An amateur astronomer who was deeply interested in physics, he made several important astronomical observations and worked closely with Réginald Outhier.[6]

He was elected the seventh occupant of Académie française seat on 29 in 1743.[1]

De Luynes endorsed the chocolate manufacturer Brasselard, a grocer based on the Rue de Tournon in the 6th arrondissement of Paris who was also endorsed by the Société Royale de Médecine.[7] In 1776, when correspondeding with the physician Théophile de Bordeu regarding de Bordeau's recommendation that the Cardinal refrain from eating chocolate, which his personal doctor encouraged, he wrote: "The view of the learned chemist who has analysed it and who concludes from these experiments that the use of cacao is very advantageous for old people, whose radical moisture dries out with age; the experiment I made over two years of the marked advantage that I always derived from it with regard to the looseness of the belly and the sweetening of my phlegm, have caused me to remain firm in my sentiment and the more so since it is not out of gourmandise that I am attached to it, my palate in no may please by the taste of cacao."[7]

Personal life

He had a summer residence in Sommervieu in the Normandy region in northwestern France.[6]

De Luynes died in Paris on 21 January 1788.[8]

Gallery

  • Partial view of his astronomical ring
    Partial view of his astronomical ring
  • His astronomical ring
    His astronomical ring
  • Paul d'Albert de Luynes's seal
    Paul d'Albert de Luynes's seal
  • Records of the passage of Venus in front of the Sun's disk.
    Records of the passage of Venus in front of the Sun's disk.

References

Notes
  1. ^ His father, Honoré Charles d'Albert de Luynes (1669–1704), was styled the Duke of Montfort then the Duke of Chevreuse until his death in 1704. His aunt, Marie Anne d'Albert de Luynes (1671–1694) was the wife of Charles François de Montmorency-Luxembourg (son of François Henri de Montmorency) and his uncle, Louis Auguste d'Albert de Luynes (1678–1744) married Marie Anne Romaine de Beaumanoir.
Sources
  1. ^ a b c d e "Paul Cardinal d'Albert de Luynes". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Catholic-Hierarchy. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  2. ^ Luynes, Charles-Philippe d'Albert duc de (1860). Mémoires du duc de Luynes sur la cour de Louis XV (1735-1758) publiés sous le patronage de M. le duc de Luynes (in French). Firmin Didot frères. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  3. ^ Hatton, Ragnhild Marie (1976). Louis XIV and Absolution. Springer. p. 299. ISBN 978-1-349-16981-8. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  4. ^ Phillips, Lawrence Barnett (1871). The Dictionary of Biographical Reference Containing One Hundred Thousand Names Together with a Classed Index of the Biographical Literature of Europe and America by Lawrence B. Phillips. Sampson Low, Son & Marston. p. 608. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  5. ^ a b Mullett, Michael (2002). The Catholic Reformation. Routledge. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-134-65852-7. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  6. ^ a b "Outhier, Réginald". www.encyclopedia.com. Encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  7. ^ a b Spary, E. C. (2014). Feeding France: New Sciences of Food, 1760–1815. Cambridge University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-139-95236-1. Retrieved 10 November 2020.
  8. ^ Clavel, Louis Auguste (1855). Histoire chrétienne des diocèses de France, de Belgique, de Savoie et des bords du Rhin, etc (in French). p. 209. Retrieved 10 November 2020.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Paul d'Albert de Luynes.
Records
Preceded by Oldest living Member of the Sacred College
9 December 1782 – 21 January 1788 		Succeeded by
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Archbishop of Sens
1753–1788 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Bishop of Bayeux
1729–1753 		Succeeded by
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