Apex (mollusc)

Apex (adjectival form: apical) is an anatomical term for the tip of the mollusc shell of a gastropod, scaphopod, or cephalopod mollusc.

Gastropods

The word "apex" is most often used to mean the tip of the spire of the shell of a gastropod. The apex is the first-formed, and therefore the oldest, part of the shell.

To be more precise, the apex would usually be where the tip of the embryonic shell or protoconch is situated, if that is still present in the adult shell (often it is lost or eroded away).

Coiled gastropod shells

The phrase apical whorls, or protoconch, means the whorls that constitute the embryonic shell at the apex of the shell, especially when this is clearly distinguishable from the later whorls of the shell, otherwise known as the teleoconch.

Comparison of the apical part and the whole shell of Otukaia kiheiziebisu:

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Limpet-like gastropod shells

The space under the apex of a patellate gastropod is called the apical cavity.

Scaphopods

The apex of tusk shells is the small, open posterior end, and the opening itself is usually called the apical aperture.

Cephalopods

In orthocone cephalopods, the pointed end of the shell is called the apex, and shell growth is away from the apex and toward the aperture. The first chamber of the apex is sometimes called the protoconch.

Bivalves

The apex of a valve of a bivalve is more usually known as the umbo or beak. When the embryonic shell is still present that is known as the prodissoconch.