Barramundi
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| Barramundi | ||||||||||||||
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 Barramundi (in foreground)
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| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
| Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) |
- Not to be confused with the Barramundi Cod or the Australian members of the genus Scleropages (which sometimes are referred to as Barramundis).
The Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) is a species of catadromous fish in family Latidae of order Perciformes. The native species is widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific region from the Persian Gulf, through Southeast Asia to Papua New Guinea and Northern Australia.
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[edit] Origin of name
Barramundi is a loanword from a Queenslander Australian language of the Rockhampton area[1] meaning "large-scaled river fish".[2] Originally, the name barramundi referred to saratoga and Gulf saratoga.[3] However, the name was appropriated for marketing reasons during the 1980s, a decision which has aided in raising the profile of this fish significantly.[3] L. calcarifer is also known as the giant perch, giant seaperch, Asian seabass, Australian seabass, white seabass, and by a variety of names in other local languages, such as Siakap in Malay. It is nicknamed the silver jack.
[edit] Description
Barramundi are a salt and freshwater sportfish, targeted by many. They have large silver scales, which may become darker or lighter, depending on their environment. Their bodies can reach up to 1.8 meters long, though evidence of them being caught at this size is scarce.
Barramundi are mainly a summertime fish, but can be caught all year round, and may be found frolicking in mud. They are usually targeted using both hard and soft bodied lures.
[edit] Lifecycle
The barramundi feeds on crustaceans, molluscs, and smaller fishes (including its own species); juveniles feed on zooplankton. This catadromous species inhabits rivers and descends to estuaries and tidal flats to spawn. At the start of the monsoon males migrate downriver to meet females, which lay very large numbers of eggs (multiple millions each). The adults do not guard the eggs or the fry, which require brackish water to develop. The species is sequentially hermaphroditic, most individuals maturing as males and becoming female after at least one spawning season; most of the larger specimens are therefore female.
[edit] Recreational Fishing
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| sport fish |
| barramundi |
| carp |
| cobia |
| coho salmon |
| king mackerel |
| mahi-mahi |
| sand whiting |
| shad |
| striped bass |
| thresher shark |
| tuna |
| walleye |
| more... |
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| game fishing |
| recreational |
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| I N D E X |
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Highly prized by anglers for their good fighting ability, barramundi are reputed to be good at avoiding fixed nets and best caught on lines and with fishing lures. In Australia, the barramundi is used to stock freshwater reservoirs for recreational fishing.
Impoundment barramundi, as many anglers recognize them, are growing in popularity as a catch and release fish. Popular stocked barramundi impoundments include Lake Tinaroo, near Cairns in the Atherton Tablelands, Peter Faust Dam near the Whitsundays, Teemburra Dam near Mackay, Lake Moondarra near Mount Isa, Lake Awoonga near Gladstone, and Lake Monduran around an hours drive south from Lake Awoonga.
Fishing techniques revolve mainly around casting and retrieving all types of lures including soft and hard body lures. Trolling is also a favored and productive technique for impoundment barramundi.
Impoundment barramundi are also a popular target with surface lures as they are known to eat all types of foods from the surface of the water including frogs, injured baitfish and even baby swans and other birds.
The distinct 'boof!' noise which barramundi make when surface feeding can easily be recognised and echo up to long distances at quiet times like still nights.
Many anglers travel to Queenslands barramundi impoundments to catch the elusive 'metrey', a barramundi measuring in excess of a metre and weighing anywhere from 10kg - 25kg, depending on the fat level.
When hooked on a lure, the barramundi will often clear itself from the water several times throughout the battle and make long powerful runs. This makes it a popular target species.
The eating quality of impoundment barramundi is quite low, with a rating of around 1.5/5 stars.
The flesh has a 'muddy' taste due to the barramundi spending all of its life in silty, freshwater environments, although there are recipes which claim to remove or mask the muddy taste.
[edit] Commercial fishing and aquaculture
The fish is of large commercial importance; it is fished internationally and raised in aquaculture in Australia, Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Thailand and the United States. One operator in the US produces up to 800 tons a year from a single facility.
[edit] Aquarium use
Smaller specimens are a popular aquarium fish and can be very entertaining especially at feeding time. However they grow quickly , so it is not recommended that they be kept in any set up of less then 5 feet ( 500 litres) In aquaria they become quite tame and can be hand fed, they are non aggressive species however the feeding reflex is violent and sudden so they can not be kept with any tank mates small enough to be swallowed.
[edit] As food
Barramundi have white, flaky flesh, though the larger freshwater ones commonly carry a lot of body fat. Saltwater barramundi, however, have a general reputation as good eating. Barramundi are a favorite food of the region's apex predator the Saltwater Crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), which have been known to take them from unwary fishermen.
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Nile perch—a similar fish found in Lake Victoria, Africa—is often mislabeled as barramundi. It does not fall under the recommendation for U.S. farmed barramundi. The species was originally assigned to genus Holocentrus, in the beryciform family Holocentridae.
[edit] External links
- Australis Barramundi: The Better Fish. Sustainably Farmed in USA. Better Tasting, Better For You, Better for Our Environment
- Betting On Barramundi: The Green-Friendly Fish, Feature Story on National Public Radio's "All Things Considered"
- Aquabella Group, largest indoor barramundi farm in Europe
- Native Fish Australia article
- NT Barramundi Catch Survey (amateur fishing)
- Barramundi Fishing - Lake Monduran Fishing Holiday. Catch Silver Perch, Barramundi & Golden Perch in the Freshwater Dam
- Lake Awoonga Recreation Area & Fishery
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.kasei.ac.jp/library/kiyou/2001/13.YOKOSE.pdf
- ^ "Barramundi approval rating rise". Food & Beverage Industry. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3190/is_/ai_100572900. Retrieved on 2008-12-12.
- ^ a b "Australia's Arrow Fish, Saratoga (The True Barramundi)". http://www.sweetwaterfishing.com.au/AustArrowFish.htm. Retrieved on 2007-10-04.
- "Lates calcarifer". FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. October 2004 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2004.
- Lates calcarifer (TSN 167669). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved on 20 December 2004.
- Queensland Department of Industries and Fisheries. "Fish Note: Barramundi (Giant Perch)". Fishweb. Updated July 2005.
