Buteoninae

Buteoninae
	Western red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis calurus)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Accipitriformes
Family:	Accipitridae
Subfamily:	Buteoninae
Genera
	About 24, see article

The Buteoninae are a subfamily of birds of prey which consists of medium to large, broad-winged species.

They have large, powerful, hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, and powerful talons. They also have extremely keen eyesight to enable them to spot potential prey from a distance.

This subfamily contains the buzzards (buteonine hawks) with great diversity in appearance and form and some appearing eagle-like, with at least 50 species included overall in the subfamily. At one time, several types were grouped, including large assemblages such as booted eagles, but modern studies using mitochondrial DNA clarified that this subfamily was smaller than formerly classified.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Systematics

The subfamily Buteoninae includes about 55 currently recognized species. Unlike many lineages of Accipitridae, which seemed to have radiated out of Africa or South Asia, the Buteoninae clearly originated in the Americas based on fossil records and current species distributions (more than 75% of the extant raptors from this lineage are found in the Americas).^[4]^[5]

Genera

Tribe	Genus	Species
Milvini Vigors 1824-milvine kites and sea and fish eagles.	Milvus Lacépède, 1799	Red kite, Milvus milvus Cape Verde kite, Milvus (milvus) fasciicauda extinct (2000) Black kite, Milvus migrans Black-eared kite, Milvus (migrans) lineatus Yellow-billed kite, Milvus aegyptius
	Haliastur Selby, 1840	Brahminy kite, Haliastur indus Whistling kite, Haliastur sphenurus
	Haliaeetus Savigny, 1809	White-bellied sea eagle (H. leucogaster) Sanford's sea eagle (H. sanfordi) African fish eagle (H. vocifer) Madagascan fish eagle (H. vociferoides) Pallas's fish eagle (H. leucoryphus) White-tailed eagle (H. albicilla) Bald eagle (H. leucocephalus) Steller's sea eagle (H. pelagicus) Lesser fish eagle (H. humilis) Grey-headed fish eagle (H. ichthyaetus)
Buteonini Vigors 1824	Buteo Lacépède, 1799	Common buzzard, Buteo buteo Madeira buzzard, Buteo buteo harterti Steppe buzzard, Buteo buteo vulpinus Eastern buzzard, Buteo japonicus Himalayan buzzard, Buteo burmanicus Cape Verde buzzard, Buteo bannermani Socotra buzzard, Buteo socotraensis Red-tailed hawk, Buteo jamaicensis Long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus Rough-legged buzzard, Buteo lagopus Ferruginous hawk, Buteo regalis Red-shouldered hawk, Buteo lineatus Broad-winged hawk, Buteo platypterus Swainson's hawk, Buteo swainsoni Ridgway's hawk, Buteo ridgwayi Short-tailed hawk, Buteo brachyurus White-throated hawk, Buteo albigula Galápagos hawk, Buteo galapagoensis Gray-lined hawk, Buteo nitidus Gray hawk, Buteo plagiatus Zone-tailed hawk, Buteo albonotatus Hawaiian hawk, Buteo solitarius Rufous-tailed hawk, Buteo ventralis Mountain buzzard, Buteo oreophilus Forest buzzard, Buteo trizonatus Madagascar buzzard, Buteo brachypterus Upland buzzard, Buteo hemilasius Red-necked buzzard, Buteo auguralis Jackal buzzard, Buteo rufofuscus Augur buzzard, Buteo augur
	Butastur Hodgson, 1843	Rufous-winged buzzard (B. liventer) Grasshopper buzzard (B. rufipennis) White-eyed buzzard (B. teesa) Grey-faced buzzard (B. indicus)
	Busarellus Lesson, 1843	black-collared hawk(Busarellus nigricollis)
	Ictinia Vieillot, 1816	Mississippi kite (Ictinia mississippiensis) Plumbeous kite (Ictinia plumbea)
	Rostrhamus Lesson, 1830	snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis)
	Helicolestes Bangs & Penard, 1918	slender-billed kite (Helicolestes hamatus)
	Buteogallus Lesson, 1830	Slate-colored hawk Buteogallus schistaceus White-necked hawk Buteogallus lacernulatus Rufous crab hawk, Buteogallus aequinoctialis Common black hawk, Buteogallus anthracinus Mangrove black hawk, Buteogallus (anthracinus) subtilis – formerly considered a distinct species, but now considered a subspecies. Cuban black hawk, Buteogallus gundlachii – formerly included in B. anthracinus Great black hawk, Buteogallus urubitinga Savanna hawk, Buteogallus meridionalis Chaco eagle, Buteogallus coronatus Solitary eagle, Buteogallus solitarius
	Cryptoleucopteryx Amaral et al., 2009	Plumbeous hawk(Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea)
	Geranoaetus Kaup, 1844	White-tailed hawk (Geranoaetus albicaudatus) Variable hawk (Geranoaetus polyosoma ) Black-chested buzzard-eagle (Geranoaetus melanoleucus)
	Kaupifalco Bonaparte, 1854	Lizard buzzard (Kaupifalco monogrammicus)
	Leucopternis Kaup, 1847	Semiplumbeous hawk (Leucopternis semiplumbeus) Black-faced hawk (Leucopternis melanops) White-browed hawk (Leucopternis kuhli)
	Morphnarchus Ridgway, 1920	Barred hawk (Morphnarchus princeps)
	Rupornis Kaup, 1844	roadside hawk (Rupornis magnirostris)
	Parabuteo Ridgway, 1874	Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus) White-rumped hawk (Parabuteo leucorrhous)
	Pseudastur Blyth, 1849	Mantled hawk (Pseudastur polionotus) White hawk (Pseudastur albicollis) Gray-backed hawk (Pseudastur occidentalis)

Extinct Genera

†Bermuteo Olson, 2008
†Garganoaetus Ballmann, 1973

References

^ Lerner, H. R., Klaver, M. C., & Mindell, D. P. (2008). Molecular phylogenetics of the Buteonine birds of prey (Accipitridae). The Auk, 125(2), 304-315.
^ Lerner, H. R., & Mindell, D. P. (2005). Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 37(2), 327-346.
^ Lerner, H., Christidis, L., Gamauf, A., Griffiths, C., Haring, E., Huddleston, C. J., Kabra, S., Kocum, A., Krosby, M., Kvaloy, K., Mindell, D., Rasmussen, P., Rov, N., Wadleigh, R., Michael Wink & Gjershaug, J. O. (2017). Phylogeny and new taxonomy of the Booted Eagles (Accipitriformes: Aquilinae). Zootaxa 4216 (4), 301-320.
^ Brodkorb, P. (1964). Catalogue of fossil birds: Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes). University of Florida.
^ Lerner, H. R.; Klaver, M. C. & Mindell, D. P. (2008). "Molecular phylogenetics of the Buteonine birds of prey (Accipitridae)" (PDF). The Auk. 125 (2): 304–315. doi:10.1525/auk.2008.06161.

External links

Accipitridae videos on the Internet Bird Collection

[1] Lerner, H. R., Klaver, M. C., & Mindell, D. P. (2008). Molecular phylogenetics of the Buteonine birds of prey (Accipitridae). The Auk, 125(2), 304-315.

[2] Lerner, H. R., & Mindell, D. P. (2005). Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 37(2), 327-346.

[3] Lerner, H., Christidis, L., Gamauf, A., Griffiths, C., Haring, E., Huddleston, C. J., Kabra, S., Kocum, A., Krosby, M., Kvaloy, K., Mindell, D., Rasmussen, P., Rov, N., Wadleigh, R., Michael Wink & Gjershaug, J. O. (2017). Phylogeny and new taxonomy of the Booted Eagles (Accipitriformes: Aquilinae). Zootaxa 4216 (4), 301-320.

[4] Brodkorb, P. (1964). Catalogue of fossil birds: Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes). University of Florida.

[5] Lerner, H. R.; Klaver, M. C. & Mindell, D. P. (2008). "Molecular phylogenetics of the Buteonine birds of prey (Accipitridae)" (PDF). The Auk. 125 (2): 304–315. doi:10.1525/auk.2008.06161.

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