Cingkrik
| Traditions of Pencak and Silat | |
|---|---|
| Country | Indonesia |
| Criteria | Oral traditions and expressions, including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage, performing arts, social practices, rituals and festive events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe, and traditional craftsmanship |
| Reference | 1391 |
| Region | Asia and the Pacific |
| Inscription history | |
| Inscription | 2019 (14th session) |
| List | Representative List |
 | |
Cingkrik Silat is one of the traditional pencak silat (Betawi: maen pukul) styles of the Betawinese.[1][2] This style originally came from the Rawa Belong area,[1][2] which is now part of the Kebon Jeruk subdistrict, West Jakarta, Indonesia. This style was created by Ki Maing (Ismail bin Muayad) around the 1920s.[1] Cingkrik Silat has now been spread to various places in Jakarta through many silat schools opened by its practitioners.[3][4]
Etymology[edit]
The name Cingkrik itself is believed to be taken from the Betawi word jingkrak-jingkrik or cingrak-cingkrik, meaning agile, which describes the agile movements of a monkey.[5]
History[edit]
According to interviews with Cingkrik Silat elders, this style was created by Ki Maing around the 1920s.[1] Ki Maing was told to previously had studied silat in the Kulon (meaning "western" region, which could mean in Meruya or even Banten), but he was inspired to create his own silat school after paying attention to a monkey's movements.[1][6] It was mentioned that there was a monkey that attempted to steal Ki Maing's stick, which evaded when attacked and quickly counterattacked back.[7] The fast and agile attack movements become the well-known feature of the Cingkrik Silat forms or moves (Betawi: jurus).[7]
The three main students of Ki Maing were Ki Saari, Ki Ajid, and Ki Ali.[3][4][7] From them, the style then spread out from Rawa Belong area to various other places in Jakarta through the next generation of students.[3][4]
Each of the Cingkrik Silat styles currently being taught from these three main students have slightly different forms, which are continued to be developed further by their many students.[3][4] However, in general Cingkrik Silat has 12 basic forms and 3 pair up forms (Betawi: sambut), while the differences occur only in steps and movements.[7][8][9] For instance, steps and movements in Cingkrik Goning (in stances and hand movements) are wider, while in Cingkrik Sinan are short and not too wide.[10]
Forms[edit]
Basic forms[edit]
Twelve Cingkrik Silat basic forms (jurus) are as follows:[7][8][9]
- Keset Bacok
- Keset Gedor
- Cingkrik
- Langkah Tiga
- Langkah Empat
- Buka Satu
- Saup
- Macan
- Tiktuk
- Singa
- Lokbe
- Longok
A combination movement of the twelve forms is called Bongbang, which is often shown in martial arts performances.
Pair up forms[edit]
Pair up forms (sambut) are paired fight exercises, the three pair up forms are as follows:[7][8][9]
- Sambut Tujuh Muka
- Sambut Gulung
- Sambut Habis, or Sambut Detik
These forms aim to train reflexes when dealing with repeated attacks.
Schools' lineage[edit]
| Ki Maing | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ki Saari | Ki Ajid | Ki Ali | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bang Wahab | Bang Acik (Munasik) | Bang Ayat | Bang Uming (RawaBelong) | Bang Majid | Ki Sinan (KebonJeruk) | Ki Goning (Kemanggisan) | Ki Legod (MuaraAngke /Pesing) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bang Nur | Bang Akib | Bang Umar | Bang Hasan | Bang Nunung | Bang Melik | Bang Entong | Bang Hamdan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Bang Warno | Bang Sapri | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Footnotes[edit]
- ^ a b c d e Adi 2010, p. 35.
- ^ a b Nawi 2016, p. 101.
- ^ a b c d Adi 2010, pp. 35–36.
- ^ a b c d Nawi 2016, pp. 102–103.
- ^ Nawi 2016, pp. 103–104.
- ^ Nawi 2016, pp. 101–102.
- ^ a b c d e f Prabowo 2016, p. 22.
- ^ a b c Adi 2010, p. 36.
- ^ a b c Nawi 2016, p. 104.
- ^ Prabowo 2016, pp. 22–23.
- ^ Nawi 2016, p. 107.
Bibliography[edit]
- Adi, Windoro (2010). Batavia 1740: menyisir jejak Betawi (in Indonesian). PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ISBN 978-9792254518.
- Nawi, G. J. (2016). Maen Pukulan Pencak Silat Khas Betawi: Maen Pukulan Pencak Silat Khas Betawi (in Indonesian). Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia. ISBN 978-9794619834.
- Prabowo, Erik R. (2016). Antonius Fran Setiawan (ed.). Silat Nusantara (in Indonesian). Litera.
External links[edit]
- Watching Cingkrik Silat, the Expressions of Basuki and Veronica, Beritasatu.com, 14-09-2014 (in Indonesian)
- Learning Silat in the Hometown of Si Pitung, Kompas, 08-04-2014 (in Indonesian)