Elizabeth Niespolo
Elizabeth M. Niespolo | |
|---|---|
| Education | PhD, University of California, Berkeley (2019) MS, California State University, Long Beach (2014) BA, University of California, Berkeley |
| Known for | Tracing human activity with ostrich egg shells, Geochronology of natural materials from archaeological sites, High precision isotopic dating of volcanic minerals |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Geology, geochemistry, archaeology |
| Institutions | Princeton University |
| Theses | |
| Doctoral advisor | Paul Renne |
| Other academic advisors | Gregory Holk |
Elizabeth Niespolo is a geologist. Her work utilizes geochemical methods to understand archaeological sites and human activity on multiple continents. Niespolo integrates laboratory and field work studying natural materials such as ostrich egg shells, corals, and minerals in rocks to quantify potential human environmental signatures preserved in these materials and their relevance in piecing together understanding of Homo sapiens through time. In the absence of archaeological sites, Niespolo uses high precision isotopic dating of minerals from volcanoes to determine their petrologic and eruptive history.
Early life and education
Niespolo was a first generation college student when she started her studies at the university level and chose to pursue a path integrating science, the Earth, and human history.[1] She earned her undergraduate degree, a Bachelor of Arts, with a double major from the University of California, Berkeley in Berkeley, California.[1][2][3] One major she chose in the humanities, Classics, and one major she chose in the sciences, Astrophysics.[2]
During her undergraduate studies, Niespolo was drawn towards ancient history. Pursuing this initial inclination she worked for some archaeologists in the classics department to get a feel for what archaeology entailed.[2] Part of this work included on-site field work in Greece where she found herself drawn to natural materials such as soils and fossils, their story, and how their stories were intertwined with the archaeological deposits.[2] This interest morphed into realizations about natural resources and how things including drywall in houses and cell phone electrical circuits, chips, and battery components are partially made of earth materials requiring mining and quarrying to extract from the Earth and put into everyday use.[2] She pursued additional field work in Italy where she worked on pottery from Pompeii and saw Mount Vesuvius, which piqued her interest in volcanoes and their interactions with human civilizations.[2] This theme of human civilization interactions with natural processes became a theme in the course of her graduate studies.[1][2]
Graduate studies in geology
Niespolo began her graduate studies in geology at California State University, Long Beach in Long Beach, California focusing her thesis work on the minerals in and geochemical signatures of jadeitites from Guatemala.[4] These signatures she used to develop a new way of finding where Mesoamerican jade artifacts originated from.[4] As part of her research she worked at a Mayan archaeological site in Chiapas, Mexico.[2] Her efforts at California State University, Long Beach both on-campus and in the field in Mexico earned her a Master of Science, MS, degree.[3][4]
After completing her MS, Niespolo continued her graduate studies in geology by pursuing a Doctor of Philosophy, PhD, at the University of California, Berkeley.[1][2][3][5] Her work was split into two settings: on-campus laboratory work including activities such as taking geochemical measurements and on-location field work in various locations including the East African Rift Valley.[1] In 2019 Niespolo finished and filed her dissertation and earned her PhD from the University of California, Berkeley.[5] Niespolo's dissertation focused on using both stable and radiogenic isotopes to determine the geochronology and environmental context of human evolution in the past, the Quaternary specifically.[5]
Career
2010s: The Americas, Polynesia, and Africa beginnings
Niespolo started integrating her archaeological experience with her physics background through geochemical dating methods based on fundamental nuclear physical reactions and radioactive decay chains in the chemical elements.[1] Her physics background also came through in instrumentation she used to measure both radioactive and stable isotope abundances including mass spectrometry.[2] Isotopic abundances became a center of her work on jadeitites from Guatemala, Central America.[4] Her emphasis was on finding ways to fingerprint natural materials used by humans to make tools and artwork so the origin of these artifacts and the materials used in their construction can be pin-pointed.[4] She has also emphasized the importance of jade sourcing in terms of economics in the Mayan Empire.[2] As part of this work, Niespolo was a recipient of a research grant in 2014 from the Geological Society of America.[6]
Niespolo furthered her experience working with natural minerals focusing on volcanic sanidine from northern California.[7] This work provided high precision dating to aid in understanding petrologic and eruptive processes that may have been preserved in minerals erupted in the Alder Creek rhyolite during the early Pleistocene.[7]
Radiometric dating of corals from the Cook Islands in Polynesia Niespolo pursued to aid in providing precise dates for human arrival and inhabitation of the island of Mangaia in Polynesia.[8] As islands in Polynesia were not originally inhabited by humans, precise geochemical dating can help to provide precise timelines for human arrival and colonization of the islands as well as the non-native plants humans brought with them.[8] Specifically, Niespolo found that coral abraders contained chemical evidence in the form of Thorium that Polynesians arrived to Mangaia by 1011.6 ± 5.8 CE and sweet potatoes arrived by 1361-1466 CE.[8]
Following her work on natural materials from Central America, North America, and Polynesia, Niespolo broadened her scope geographically by honing in on piecing together what past physical and chemical environments were like in Africa.[1][5] The goal with her work being correlating geochemical findings with archaeological sites to understand the timing of new tool development, human evolution, and human migration in relation to the land around them.[1][2] Part of why Niespolo chose to pursue geochronology was her interest in understanding past human evolution in response to changing environmental conditions that may be helpful in modern times to understand potential environment changes in response to human activity.[1][2]
Foundational work on this topic for Niespolo included geochemical measurements of stable isotopes providing understanding of rainfall and vegetation variability in Eastern Africa during the Pleistocene-Holocene.[9] This work provided environmental context for archaeological sites in Eastern Africa in the form of stable isotope abundances from ostrich egg shells and was funded by a $199,496 grant from the National Science Foundation.[9][10]
2020s: Africa continues and professorship
Niespolo draws inspiration in her geology work from past geologist Charles Lyell emphasizing that to understand the present the past is particularly pertinent. Niespolo narrows this point down in an interview with Scientific American:
Geology is the direct means to understanding our resources, and we use natural resources for literally everything (your house, your drinking water, energy). If we don't know the geologic processes controlling these observable resources, we will be hard pressed to continue utilizing them safely and responsibly, and developing more sustainable resource use in the future.[1]
Her work on marine resource overuse in South Africa during the Middle Stone Age provides high precision dating to correlate Homo sapiens resource use with high sea-level in the area.[11]
In April 2021, Princeton University announced that Niespolo was one of 10 new faculty members approved by Princeton University's Board of Trustees.[3] Her faculty appointment began in the autumn of 2021 at the assistant professor level.[3]
Personal
Niespolo enjoys the research setting, its cutting edge nature, and being a part of new discoveries.[1] However, one of the frustrations she has with researching in an academic setting is the amount of time and effort spent on securing funding as opposed to doing the science itself.[1] This particular aspect of research in higher education Niespolo identified as her least favorite part of what she does.[1]
Niespolo is a vocal proponent of female mentorship in science disciplines taking initiative herself by participating in organizations including Bay Area Scientists in Schools.[1][2]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Burns, Terri (January 3, 2017). "STEM Student Spotlight: Elizabeth Niespolo" Scientific American. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n The Graduates (April 11, 2017). "Elizabeth Niespolo". 90.7 FM KALX Berkeley. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Office of Communications (April 13, 2021). "Board approves 10 faculty appointments". Princeton University. Retrieved 8 May 2021.
- ^ a b c d e Niespolo, Elizabeth M. (2014). "Mineralogy, geochemistry, and stable isotopes of Guatemalan jadeitites: A new method to determine the provenance of Mesoamerican jade artifacts". ProQuest. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Niespolo, Elizabeth (2019). "Determining Timescales and Paleoenvironments of Quaternary Human Evolution Using Stable and Radiogenic Isotopes". ProQuest. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
- ^ Geological Society of America (July 2014). "2014 GSA Research Grant Recipients". GSA Today. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
- ^ a b Niespolo, Elizabeth M.; Rutte, Daniel; Deino, Alan L.; Renne, Paul R. (2017). "Intercalibration and age of the Alder Creek sanidine 40Ar/39Ar standard". Quaternary Geochronology 39: 205-213. doi: 10.1016/j.quageo.2016.09.004. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
- ^ a b c Niespolo, Elizabeth M.; Sharp, Warren D.; Kirch, Patrick V. (2019). "230Th dating of coral abraders from stratified deposits at Tangatatau Rockshelter, Mangaia, Cook Islands: Implications for building precise chronologies in Polynesia". Journal of Archaeological Science 101: 21-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jas.2018.11.001. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
- ^ a b Niespolo, E.M.; Sharp, E.M.; Tyron, C.A.; Faith, J.T.; Lewis, J.; Ranhorn, K.; Mambelli, S.; Miller, M.J.; Dawson, T.E. (2020). "Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen isotopes of ostrich eggshells provide site-scale Pleistocene-Holocene paleoenvironmental records for eastern African archaeological sites". Quaternary Science Reviews 230(2020): 106142. doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.106142. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
- ^ National Science Foundation (2021). "Award Abstract # 1727085: Improved Dating of Archaeological Materials with Coordinated Stable Isotope Studies". NSF Award Search. Retrieved May 8, 2021.
- ^ Niespolo, Elizabeth M.; Sharp, Warren D.; Avery, Graham; Dawson, Todd E. (2021). "Early, intensive marine resource exploitation by Middle Stone Age humans at Ysterfontein 1 rockshelter, South Africa". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118(6): e2020042118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2020042118. Retrieved May 8, 2021.