Eremophila fraseri
| Burra | |
|---|---|
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| Eremophila fraseri fraseri leaves and flowers | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Scrophulariaceae |
| Genus: | Eremophila |
| Species: | E. fraseri
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| Binomial name | |
| Eremophila fraseri | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
Eremophila fraseri, commonly known as burra or jilarnu, is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is a shrub or small tree with all above-ground parts of the plant, apart from the petals, sticky and shiny due to the presence of a large amount of resin. The petals are coloured white, cream, pink and brown.
Description
Eremophila fraseri is an erect shrub or small tree, usually growing to a height of between 1 and 4 m (3 and 10 ft). The branches, leaves, sepals and flower stalks are glabrous and thickly covered with resin making them very sticky and shiny. The leaves vary in size and shape, depending on subspecies, from lance-shaped to egg-shaped. They have a stalk mostly 12–22 mm (0.5–0.9 in) long and a leaf blade mostly 25–45 mm (1–2 in) long and 12–28 mm (0.5–1 in) wide.[2][3]
The flowers are usually borne singly in leaf axils on a stalk, 15–35 mm (0.6–1 in) long. There are 5 reddish-purple sepals which differ from each other in size and shape. The largest sepal is 15–35 mm (0.6–1 in) long and is egg-shaped while the smallest ones are 10.5–24 mm (0.4–0.9 in) long and are narrow egg-shaped to lance-shaped. The petals are mostly 20–35 mm (0.8–1 in) long and are joined at their lower end to form a tube. The petal tube is brown and the petal lobes on its end are whitish to pale lilac often spotted brown or purple. The inside and outside of the petal tube are hairy, especially the inside of the tube and the petal lobes on the sides are bent back over the petal tube. The 4 stamens extend beyond the end of the petal tube. Flowering occurs from March to November and is followed by fruits which are dry, sticky, oval shaped with a pointed end and 9–13 mm (0.4–0.5 in) long.[2][3]
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Taxonomy and naming
The species was first formally described in 1881 by Ferdinand von Mueller and the description was published in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae.[4][5] The specific epithet (fraseri) honours Sir Malcolm Fraser, the Surveyor-General of Western Australia from 1872 to 1883.[2]
In 2007, Robert Chinnock described two subspecies and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
- Eremophila fraseri F.Muell. subsp. fraseri[6] which has egg-shaped leaves that are mostly wider than 14 millimetres (0.6 in);[2]
- Eremophila fraseri subsp. parva Chinnock [7] which has oblong to elliptic leaves that are mostly narrower than 12 millimetres (0.5 in).[2]
Distribution and habitat
Eremophila fraseri subspecies fraseri grows in a wide range of habitats and different soil types between the Hamersley Range and Gascoyne Junction in the Carnarvon, Gascoyne, Murchison, Pilbara and Yalgoo biogeographic regions.[8][9] Subspecies parva occurs in scattered locations in the Meekatharra and Gascoyne regions where it usually grows in stony or sandy clay loam.[2][10][9]
Uses
Indigenous uses
Burra is used as a topical medication, the liquid derived from a preparation of the leaves is used for skin complaints. It is called Jilarnu in the Yindjibarndi and Ngarluma languages and it is collected from a place called Millstream.[11]
Use in horticulture
This is one eremophila that does not make as valuable a garden plant as many others. It tends to become woody and sometimes blackened by sooty mould. It is difficult to propagate except by cuttings and prefers a well-drained soil in full sun or partial shade. It is drought tolerant and can withstand slight frost.[12]
References
- ^ a b "Eremophila fraseri". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Chinnock, R.J. (Bob) (2007). Eremophila and allied genera : a monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae (1st ed.). Dural, NSW: Rosenberg. pp. 625–628. ISBN 9781877058165.
- ^ a b Brown, Andrew; Buirchell, Bevan (2011). A field guide to the eremophilas of Western Australia (1st ed.). Hamilton Hill, W.A.: Simon Nevill Publications. pp. 109–110. ISBN 9780980348156.
- ^ "Eremophila fraseri". APNI. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
- ^ von Mueller, Ferdinand (1878). Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae (Volume 11). Melbourne. pp. 51–52. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Eremophila fraseri subsp. fraseri". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
- ^ "Eremophila fraseri subsp. parva". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
- ^ "Eremophila fraseri subsp. fraseri". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ a b Paczkowska, Grazyna; Chapman, Alex R. (2000). The Western Australian flora : a descriptive catalogue. Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. p. 336. ISBN 0646402439.
- ^ "Eremophila fraseri subsp. parva". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ Wanggalili: Yindjibarndi and Ngarluma Plants (1st ed.). Roebourne, W.A.: Juluwarlu Aboriginal Corporation. 2003. p. 71. ISBN 1875946543.
- ^ Boschen, Norma; Goods, Maree; Wait, Russell (2008). Australia's eremophilas : changing gardens for a changing climate. Melbourne: Bloomings Books. pp. 40–41. ISBN 9781876473655.