Galaxy Airlines Flight 203

Galaxy Airlines Flight 203

Accident summary
Date	January 21, 1985
Type	Pilot/Ground Crew error
Site	Reno, Nevada, USA 39.465281°N 119.782223°W / 39.465281; -119.782223
Passengers	65
Crew	6
Injuries	1
Fatalities	70
Survivors	1
Aircraft type	Lockheed L-188 Electra
Operator	Galaxy Airlines
Tail number	N5532

Galaxy Airlines Flight 203 was a Lockheed L-188 Electra 4-engine turboprop, registration N5532, operating as a non-scheduled charter flight from Reno, Nevada, to Minneapolis, Minnesota. The aircraft crashed shortly after takeoff, killing all but one of the 71 on board.

Flight chronology

The flight took off from runway 16R at Reno-Cannon International Airport at 1:04 am on January 21, 1985. A short time later, the aircraft crashed about 1.5 mi (2.4 km) from the end of the runway and burst into flames. It landed near a recreational vehicle dealership, and debris was scattered across US Highway 395 and South Virginia Street. Of the 71 people aboard, three survived the initial impact, but one of them died on January 29 and another on February 4. The lone survivor was then 17-year old George Lamson Jr., who was thrown clear of the aircraft and landed upright, still in his seat, on South Virginia Street.

Truckee Meadows Fire Department was the first emergency response department to arrive at the scene of the crash. Several other Washoe County and State of Nevada agencies also responded. George Kitchen, who was a captain in the Reno Fire Department leading a crew from station No. 6 in south Reno, noted, "One of the first things we saw was the boy. He was still strapped in his seat out on South Virginia Street. He was conscious. We gave him first aid until the medics got there." George Lamson gave an interview shortly after the crash in which he stated that he was able to walk away from his seat prior to the aircraft exploding.

A store and seven RVs were also damaged. The aircraft was returning from a gaming/Super Bowl trip sponsored by Caesars Tahoe.

Heavy vibration started shortly after takeoff, and the cockpit voice recorders recorded one of the pilots asking the tower to allow them to make a left downwind turn, that they had to get back on the ground.

Due to a lack of facilities for handling so many bodies at once, the victims were taken to the Reno Livestock Events Center for autopsy and identification processes. The autopsies were led by the Washoe County Coroner, V. McCarty, and four medical students from the University of Nevada, Reno.

Investigation

Air start door sketch - from NTSB report

Air start door location - from NTSB report

The United States National Transportation Safety Board investigated the accident, and issued the following probable cause:

The National Transportation Safety Board determines that the probable cause of this accident was the captain’s failure to control and the copilot’s failure to monitor the flight path and airspeed of the aircraft. This breakdown in crew coordination followed the onset of unexpected vibration shortly after takeoff.

The NTSB added the following Contributing Factor:

Contributing to the accident was the failure of ground handlers to properly close an air start access door, which led to the vibration.

The NTSB report indicates that the ground handlers did not properly close the air start access door due to a sudden change in their procedure when the ground handler supervisor realized that the headset being used to communicate with the flightcrew was nonfunctional, and had to revert mid-routine to using hand signals. This break in routine led the supervisor to signal the flight to taxi before the air start hose was disconnected. Although he then realized that the hose was still connected and signaled the flightcrew for an emergency stop, and the hose was successfully disconnected, the closing of the air start access door was not completed either prior to the supervisor's initial go-ahead or after the emergency stop.

The report concluded that the air start access door is what led to the vibrations. The investigation indicated that these vibrations were not a threat to the aircraft's safe operation, and would likely not have prevented the aircraft from reaching cruise speed and altitude. Similar reports surfaced from other Electra pilots which indicated that the vibrations ceased at higher air speeds.

While the flightcrew was trying to determine the source of the vibrations, they reduced power to all four engines simultaneously, presumably to test the engines to see if they were the source. Power was then not increased before the wings stalled.

The aircraft had been chartered to transport U.S. presidential candidates John Glenn and Jesse Jackson periodically in 1983 and 1984. On one flight with Jackson and his entourage between Washington, D.C., and Dallas, Texas, in May 1984, the aircraft shook, dropped and pitched due to heavy turbulence, reportedly resulting in a stewardess screaming and vomiting. The United States Secret Service asked the Federal Aviation Administration to examine the aircraft, but nothing wrong was found.

See also

• List of sole survivors of aviation accidents or incidents

External links

• Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network
• NTSB report
• Plane Crashes Since 1970 with a Sole Survivor airsafe.com