His Holiness

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

His Holiness is the official style or manner of address in reference to the leaders of certain religious groups. In Christianity, specifically the Orthodox Church, the Coptic Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church (as well as the Eastern Catholic Churches), the style is used when respectively referring to the Pope of Alexandria and to the Pope of Rome. It is also used in reference to several other other Christian patriarchs.

In Tibetan Buddhism, the Dalai Lama is also addressed in the same manner in English, as are other Buddhist leaders such as Sakya Trizin, the Patriarch of Sakyapa.

[edit] Usage

In Christianity, the style derives from the Latin word sanctitas. It was originally used for all bishops but, from the 7th century, it was only used for popes, patriarchs and some secular rulers. From the 14th century its use was restricted to a small minority of the Christian patriarchs, notably the Pope of Alexandria, the Pope of Rome and the Patriarch of Moscow. In the Dawoodi Bohra sect of the Ismaili branch of Shia Islam, the title is held by Syedna Mohammed Burhanuddin.

In Tibetan Buddhism, the Dalai Lama is commonly referred to in English by this style, even though he is technically not the leader of a religious group; it is, however, one of his prerogatives to appoint the Ganden Tripa (Tibetan dga' ldan khri pa), who is the nominal head of the Gelug (Tibetan dge lugs) school of Tibetan Buddhism, so the style in the case of the Dalai Lama may have some merit. Recently, the chief lamas of other of the spiritual traditions of Tibet, including the Sakya Trizin (head of the Sakya [Tibetan sa skya] school), the Karmapa (head of the Karma Kagyu [Tibetan kar ma bka' brgyud] school), and the Menri Trizin (head of Bon) have begun to be styled "His Holiness", as has the senior lama of the Nyingma (Tibetan rnying ma) school selected to be its principal representative, but this usage is more a manifestation of piety on the part of devotees than an appropriate application of the style.

The title is used officially in international diplomacy and in formal contexts without regard for its doctrinal, philosophical and theological origins.

[edit] In Christianity

Current Christian leaders who bear the title His Holiness.

His Holiness Pope Benedict XVI, Pope of Rome (born 1927)	His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew I, Archbishop of Constantinopole (born 1940)	His Holiness Pope Theodore II, Pope of the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria (born 1954)	His Holiness the Patriach Kirill I of Moscow, Patriarch of Moscow And All Russ (born 1946)
His Holiness Pope Shenouda III, Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria (born 1923)	His Holiness Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch (born 1933)	His Holiness Catholicos Karekin II, Catholicos of All Armenians (born 1951)