Ice resurfacer
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An ice resurfacer is a vehicle used to clean and smooth the surface of an ice sheet, usually in an ice rink. The first ice resurfacer was developed by Frank Zamboni in 1949 in the city of Paramount, California. Zamboni (pronounced /zæmˈboʊni/) is an internationally registered trademark, though the term is often used as a generic colloquialism for any ice resurfacer.
Technology
Ice resurfacers are generally composed of a snow container, hot water tanks, a wash water tank, the conditioner, and a board brush. The engine or motor of the vehicle is responsible both for propelling the resurfacer and also powering the hydraulics that control the various functions, such as lowering the conditioner or raising the snow dump.
Most of the actual resurfacing components are contained in a heavy device at the rear of the machine, known as the "conditioner". The conditioner is hydraulically lowered to the ice surface, its weight providing the friction necessary for a large, sharp blade (similar to those used in industrial paper cutters) to shave off the top layer of ice. A horizontal auger collects these ice shavings, or snow, and funnels them to a vertical auger at the center of the conditioner. The shavings are then carried upward and sprayed into a large snow container, which takes up most of the volume of the resurfacer. In early models, a paddle-and-chain conveyor was used instead of a second, vertical auger. The height of the blade can be adjusted by the driver, allowing deeper or shallower cuts. This is useful for keeping the ice sheet level, improving the quality of the cut, and preventing the snow container from over flowing.
Wash water can be used to further improve the quality of the ice by removing debris and snow from deep skate-blade cuts. Located directly in front of the blade, nozzles forcefully spray water into the ice surface, loosening deep debris. Runners on either side of the conditioner contain the spray, while a rubber squeegee at the rear of the conditioner allows a vacuum nozzle to pick up excess water. This water is then filtered through a screen and recirculated.
Finally, a layer of hot water (140°F to 160°F, 60°C) is laid down to fill in the remaining grooves in the ice. The hot water is released through a sprinkler pipe at the rear of the conditioner, which wets the cloth towel that is dragged behind the resurfacer. The towel ensures a smooth, controlled deposition of water. Hot water is used because it slightly melts the layer of ice below it, forming a stronger bond when frozen. This limits chipping and cracking, providing a more enjoyable skating surface. The water used in many rinks is also filtered and treated before being heated to remove any minerals or chemicals in the water. These impurities can otherwise make the ice brittle, soft, give it undesirable odors, or change the color and clarity.
Many ice resurfacers are fitted with a "board brush", a rotary brush powered by a hydraulic motor. The board brush is extended and retracted on the left side of the machine by a hydraulic arm. This allows the operator to collect ice shavings and debris that accumulate along the edge of the rink (along the kick plates below the dasher boards of the rink) where the conditioner cannot easily reach. The brush sweeps the accumulations into the path of the conditioner, which removes them from the ice. The use of a board brush can dramatically reduce the need for edging of the rink.
After resurfacing the entire sheet, also known as an "ice cut" or "flood", the snow container must be emptied. Hydraulics raise one end of the container, causing the snow to spill out.
Most ice resurfacers run on natural gas, propane/LPG/autogas or electric power, or less commonly on gasoline.
Smaller, cheaper machines have also been designed to provide a smooth ice surface in a manner similar to a traditional resurfacer. These can be either self-propelled or pushed/pulled by the operator. Self-propelled vehicles typically incorporate the main components of full-size ice resurfacer, including a blade and water tank, but on a smaller scale. These are usually mounted to an ATV or golf cart-like vehicle. Manual-type ice resurfacers may consist of only a hose to provide water, a sprinkler, and towel. Though these may produce lower quality ice, these are inexpensive and well suited for home use.[1]
Ice edgers
The ice around the edges of a rink has a tendency to build up because the conditioner blade does not extend all the way to the outer edges of the conditioner and it is unwise to "ride" (drive with the conditioner touching) the dasherboards. An ice edger is a small device similar to a rotary lawn mower that is used to shave down the edges of the ice surface that the ice resurfacer cannot cut. An ice edger can not shave ice that has an overall bowl or mushroom shape.
Drivers using latest model ice resurfacing equipment can effectively cut ice edges within millimeters of the dasherboard. They are an extreme necessity to having a hockey arena.
Use of "Zamboni" brand name
Frank J. Zamboni & Co., Inc. has taken a strong stance against its trademark dilution, the Zamboni name being used as a genericized trademark for ice resurfacers. On August 15, 2000, Frank J. Zamboni & Co, Inc. was awarded a registered trademark on the design and configuration of the Zamboni Ice Resurfacer by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.[2]
There is a band by the name of The Zambonis, which they use under the terms of a licensing agreement from the Zamboni corporation.[3]
In popular culture
- In the PopCap Games video game Plants vs. Zombies, one of the zombies is known as a "Zomboni," parodying the Zamboni name, and appearing like a Zamboni ice resurfacer. Like Zambonis, the Zomboni in the game lays a sheet of ice. The game's information states that the games makers respect the Zamboni trademark.
- On the September 28, 1998 edition of Monday Night Raw, Stone Cold Steve Austin drove a Zamboni through the Joe Louis Arena to attack Vince McMahon for taking his custom-made championship belt, after losing the WWE Championship on the previous night.
References
- ^ http://www.nicerink.com/resurfacers/
- ^ United States Trademark Registration No. 2,376,266
- ^ Branch, John (May 23, 2009). "As Economy Stumbles, the Zamboni Glides On". New York Times. p. A1. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
External links
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