Leopold V, Duke of Austria

Leopold the Virtuous, kneeling, receives the red-white-red banner by Emperor Henry VI of Hohenstaufen, Babenberger Stammbaum, Klosterneuburg Monastery, about 1490

Leopold V (1157 – December 31, 1194), the Virtuous, was a Babenberg duke of Austria from 1177 and of Styria from 1192 until his death. He was the son of the Austrian duke Henry II Jasomirgott and his Byzantine wife, Theodora Comnena, a daughter of Andronicus Comnenus, the second eldest son of the Emperor John II Komnenos.

Life

Duke of Austria

Leopold succeeded his father as Duke of Austria upon his death on 13 January 1177. Soon after becoming Duke, Leopold lent his support to Frederick of Bohemia in his struggle against Duke Sobeslaus II, who had campaigned in the Austrian duchy, and in 1179, Leopold reached a peace agreement with Bohemia. On 17 August 1186, he negotiated the Georgenberg Pact with Ottokar IV of Styria, by which Styria and the central part of Upper Austria were amalgamated into the Duchy of Austria after 1192. This was the first step towards the creation of modern Austria.

Third Crusade and Aftermath

Leopold is mainly remembered outside Austria for his participation in the Third Crusade. He arrived to take part in the siege of Acre in spring 1191, having sailed from Zadar on the Adriatic coast. He took over command of what remained of the imperial forces after the death of Frederick VI, Duke of Swabia in January. According to legend, his tunic was blood-soaked after the fights and when he doffed his belt, a white stripe appeared. Emperor Henry VI granted him the privilege to adopt these colours as his new banner, that later would become the Flag of Austria.

After Acre had surrendered, the banners of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Richard I of England, Philip II of France and Leopold's ducal flag were raised in the city by Leopold's cousin, Conrad of Montferrat. However, Richard removed Leopold's colours (see Siege of Acre) and the duke wrathfully left for his Austrian home, where he arrived by the end of 1191. Richard was also suspected of involvement in the murder of Conrad, shortly after his election as King of Jerusalem in April 1192.

On his journey back that winter, Richard, travelling in disguise, shortly before Christmas 1192 had to stop near Vienna, where he was recognized (supposedly because of his signet ring) and arrested in Erdberg (modern Landstraße district). For some time the king was imprisoned in Dürnstein, and in March 1193 was brought before Emperor Henry VI at Trifels Castle, accused of Conrad's murder. Leopold's share of the immense ransom, supposedly six thousand buckets—about 23 tons—of silver, became the foundation for the mint in Vienna, and was used to build new city walls for Vienna, as well as to found the towns of Wiener Neustadt and Friedberg in Styria. However, the duke was excommunicated by Pope Celestine III for having taken a fellow crusader prisoner.

Marriage and children

In 1172, Leopold married Helena, a daughter of King Géza II of Hungary. By her, Leopold had at least two children;

• Frederick I (d. 16 April 1198)
• Leopold VI (d. 28 July 1230)

Death

In 1194, Leopold's foot was crushed when his horse fell on him at a tournament in Graz. He died of gangrene, still under excommunication, and was buried at Heiligenkreuz Abbey.

Ancestry

Ancestors of Leopold V of Austria

16. Ernest of Austria

8. Leopold II of Austria

17. Adelaide Von Eilenburg

4. Leopold III of Austria

18. Rapoto IV of Cham

9. Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg

2. Henry II of Austria

20. Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor

10. Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor

21. Agnes de Poitou

5. Agnes of Germany

22. Otto of Savoy

11. Bertha of Savoy

23. Adelaide of Susa

1. Leopold V of Austria

24. Alexius I Comnenus

12. John II Comnenus

25. Irene Doukaina

6. Andronicus Comnenus

26. Ladislaus I of Hungary

13. Piroska of Hungary

27. Adelaide of Swabia

3. Theodora Komnene

7. Eirene (?Aineiadissa)

References

• Cawley, C.; Austria in Medieval Lands Project, see [1].
• Fastlinger, M. (ed.); Passau Necrologies (II) (Berlin, 1920)

Leopold V, Duke of Austria House of Babenberg Born: 1157 Died: 1194
German royalty
Preceded by Henry II	Duke of Austria 1177–1194	Succeeded by Frederick I
Preceded by Ottokar IV	Duke of Styria 1192–1194	Succeeded by Leopold VI