List of members of the International Ice Hockey Federation

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The current members of the IIHF. (Red indicates full members, blue indicates associate members, green indicates affiliate members and black indicates suspended members).

The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) is the worldwide governing body for ice hockey and in-line hockey. It is based in Zurich, Switzerland, and maintains the international ice hockey rulebook, processes international player transfers, dictates officiating guidelines and is responsible for the management of international ice hockey tournaments. The IIHF was created on May 15, 1908, under the name (in French) Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LHG).[1] Belgium, France, Great Britain, Switzerland and Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) were the founding members. The IIHF was composed entirely of European teams until 1920, when Canada and the United States joined.

Under the IIHF, there are three levels for member organizations. The highest level, and the only one in which members can vote at IIHF Congresses, is IIHF Full Member. These nations have their own independent hockey association, and regularly participate in the various IIHF-sanctioned World Championships. IIHF Associate Members is the second level. These nations either do not have their own independent hockey association, or have one, but have limited participation in the World Championships. The third category, IIHF Affiliate Member, is for nations that only participate in the InLine Hockey World Championships.[2]

As of 2011, there are 70 members: 51 full members, 17 associate members and 2 affiliate members. Kyrgyzstan, which joined on May 14, 2011, is the newest member. In 2011, 45 members participated in the Men's World Championships and 34 participated in the Women's World Championships.

Contents

[edit] Members

IIHF World Ranking information is accurate as of 2010.
In the Teams column
Text in boldface indicates that that team participated in its corresponding event in 2010.
M Men's Ice Hockey World Championships
M-U20 World Under-20 Championships
M-U18 World Under-18 Championships
W World Women Championships
W-U18 World Women's Under-18 Championships
inline InLine Hockey World Championship

[edit] IIHF Full Members

Nation Date joined Organization President Teams Men's
Ranking		 Women's
Ranking		 Ref.
 Australia 01938-02-11 February 11, 1938 Ice Hockey Australia Don Rurak M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 34 25 [3]
 Austria[A] 01912-03-18 March 18, 1912 Austrian Ice Hockey Association Dieter Kalt M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 14 16 [4]
 Azerbaijan 01992-05-06 May 6, 1992 Ice Hockey Federation of the Republic of Azerbaijan Vagif D. Mussayev M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [5]
 Belarus 01992-05-06 May 6, 1992 Belarus Ice Hockey Federation Evgeny Vorsin M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 10 — [6]
 Belgium 01908-12-08 December 8, 1908 Royal Belgian Ice Hockey Federation Pascal Nuchelmans M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 36 26 [7]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 02001-05-08 May 8, 2001 Bosnia and Herzegovina Ice Hockey Federation Haris Muhic M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 48 — [8]
 Bulgaria 01960-07-25 July 25, 1960 Bulgarian Ice Hockey Federation Krasimir Krastev M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 31 24 [9]
 Canada 01920-04-26 April 26, 1920 Hockey Canada Nicholson, BobBob Nicholson M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 2 1 [10]
 China 01963-07-25 July 25, 1963 Chinese Ice Hockey Association Wang Yitao M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 37 7 [11]
 Chinese Taipei 01983-09-01 September 1, 1983 Chinese Taipei Ice Hockey Federation Pai Wen-Jun M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [12]
 Croatia 01992-05-06 May 6, 1992 Croatian Ice Hockey Federation Nikola Švigir M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 26 20 [13]
 Czech Republic 01908-11-15 November 15, 1908[B] Czech Ice Hockey Association Tomáš Král M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 5 13 [14]
 Denmark 01946-04-27 April 27, 1946 Danmarks Ishockey Union Henrik Bach Nielsen M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 13 22 [15]
 Estonia 01935-02-17 February 17, 1935[D] Estonian Ice Hockey Association Priit Vilba M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 27 33 [16]
 Finland 01928-02-10 February 10, 1928 Finnish Ice Hockey Association Kalervo Kummola M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 4 3 [17]
 France 01908-10-20 October 20, 1908 French Ice Hockey Federation Luc Tardif M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 15 14 [18]
 Germany[C] 01909-09-19 September 19, 1909 German Ice Hockey Federation Uwe Harnos M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 9 11 [19]
 Great Britain 01908-11-19 November 19, 1908 Ice Hockey UK Eamon Convery M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 23 18 [20]
 Hong Kong 01983-04-30 April 30, 1983 Hong Kong Ice Hockey Association Siu Yin Yip M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [21]
 Hungary 01927-01-24 January 24, 1927 Hungarian Ice Hockey Federation Ferenc Studniczky M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 20 27 [22]
 Iceland 01992-05-06 May 6, 1992 Ice Hockey Iceland Vidar Gardarsson M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 38 29 [23]
 India 01989-04-27 April 27, 1989 Ice Hockey Association of India K. L. Kumar M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [23]
 Ireland 01996-09-26 September 26, 1996 Irish Ice Hockey Association William Fay M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 41 — [24]
 Israel 01991-05-01 May 1, 1991 Ice Hockey Federation of Israel Sergei Matin M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 39 — [25]
 Italy 01924-01-24 January 24, 1924 Federation of Italian Ice Sports Giancarlo Bolognini M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 16 17 [26]
 Japan[E] 01930-01-26 January 26, 1930 Japan Ice Hockey Federation Kenichi Chizuka M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 21 9 [27]
 Kazakhstan 01992-05-06 May 6, 1992 Kazakhstan Ice Hockey Federation Askar Mamin M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 17 8 [28]
 North Korea 01963-08-08 August 8, 1963 Ice Hockey Association of the DPR Korea Pak Song-Nam M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 43 21 [29]
 South Korea 01960-07-25 July 25, 1960 Korea Ice Hockey Association Park Kap-Chul M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 33 28 [30]
 Latvia 01931-02-22 February 22, 1931[D] Latvian Ice Hockey Federation Kirovs Lipmans M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 12 15 [31]
 Lithuania 01938-02-19 February 19, 1938[D] Lithuanian Ice Hockey Federation Petras Nauseda M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 24 — [32]
 Luxembourg 01912-03-23 March 23, 1912 Luxembourg Ice Hockey Federation Rene Ludovicy M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 44 — [33]
 Mexico 01985-04-30 April 30, 1985 Federacion Deportiva de Mexico de Hockey sobre Hielo Joaquin de la Garma M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 32 — [34]
 Mongolia 01999-05-15 May 15, 1999 Mongolian Ice Hockey Federation Sumiya Ganjargal M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 46 — [35]
 Netherlands 01935-01-20 January 20, 1935 Ice Hockey Association of The Netherlands Joop Vullers M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 25 23 [36]
 New Zealand 01977-05-02 May 2, 1977 New Zealand Ice Hockey Federation Grant Hay M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 40 30 [37]
 Norway 01935-01-20 January 20, 1935 Norwegian Ice Hockey Federation Ole-Jacob Libaek M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 11 12 [38]
 Poland 01926-01-11 January 11, 1926 Polish Ice Hockey Federation Zdzislaw Ingielewicz M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 22 — [39]
 Romania 01924-01-24 January 24, 1924 Romanian Ice Hockey Federation Barna Tanczos M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 28 31 [40]
 Russia 01952-04-01 April 1, 1952[F] Ice Hockey Federation of Russia Tretiak, VladislavVladislav Tretiak M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 1 6 [41]
 Serbia 01939-01-01 January 1, 1939[G] Serbian Ice Hockey Association Nastas Andric M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 29 — [42]
 Slovakia 01993-02-02 February 2, 1993 Slovak Ice Hockey Federation Juraj Siroky M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 8 10 [43]
 Slovenia 01992-05-06 May 6, 1992 Ice Hockey Federation of Slovenia Matjaž Rakovec M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 19 19 [44]
 South Africa 01937-02-25 February 25, 1937 South African Ice Hockey Association Shane Marsh M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 42 32 [45]
 Spain 01923-03-10 March 10, 1923 Federacion Espanola Deportes De Hielo Maria Teresa Samaranch M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 30 — [46]
 Sweden 01912-03-23 March 23, 1912 Swedish Ice Hockey Association Christer Englund M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 3 4 [47]
 Switzerland 01908-11-23 November 23, 1908 Swiss Ice Hockey Association Philippe Gaydoul M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 7 5 [48]
 Thailand 01989-04-27 April 27, 1989 Ice Hockey Association of Thailand Phisan Xupravatti M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [49]
 Turkey 01991-05-01 May 1, 1991 Turkish Ice Hockey Federation Akin Kilavuz M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 35 34 [50]
 Ukraine 01992-05-06 May 6, 1992 Ice Hockey Federation of Ukraine Anatoliy Brezvin M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 18 — [51]
 United States 01920-04-26 April 26, 1920 USA Hockey DeGregorio, RonRon DeGregorio M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 6 2 [52]

^ A. Austria was expelled from the IIHF in 1920, then re-admitted on January 24, 1924. It was again expelled in 1939 and re-admitted on April 27, 1946.[53]
^ B. The IIHF recognizes Bohemia, which joined in 1908, and Czechoslovakia as the predecessors to the Czech Republic, which officially became a member in 1993.[14]
^ C. Germany was expelled in 1920, then re-admitted on January 11, 1926. It was again expelled on April 27, 1946. West Germany and East Germany were admitted into the IIHF in 1951 and 1954, respectively. Following their reunification, Germany was re-admitted into the IIHF on October 3, 1990.[54]
^ D. In 1940, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were annexed by the Soviet Union. Their membership expired on April 27, 1946. The three nations were re-admitted into the IIHF on May 6, 1992.[55][56][57]
^ E. Japan was expelled from the IIHF on April 27, 1946, then re-admitted on March 10, 1951.[58]
^ F. The IIHF recognizes the Soviet Union, which joined in 1952, as the predecessor to Russia, which officially became a member in 1992.[41]
^ G. The IIHF recognizes Yugoslavia, which joined in 1939, as the predecessor to Serbia, which officially became a member on September 28, 2006.[42]

[edit] IIHF Associate Members

Nation Date joined Organization President Teams Men's
Ranking		 Women's
Ranking		 Ref.
 Andorra 01995-05-04 May 4, 1995 Andorran Federation of Ice Sports Imma Ribes Sagues M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [59]
 Argentina 01998-05-31 May 31, 1998 Argentine Association of Ice and In-Line Hockey Hector Iannicelli M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [60]
 Brazil 01984-06-26 June 26, 1984 Brazilian Ice Sports Federation Eric Maleson M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [61]
 Georgia 02009-05-08 May 8, 2009 Georgian Ice Hockey Federation Nugzar Paikidze M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [62]
 Greece 01987-04-29 April 29, 1987 Hellenic Ice Sports Federation Christos Chatziathanassiou M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 45 — [63]
 Kuwait 02009-05-08 May 8, 2009 Kuwait Ice Hockey Association Fahad Hamad Al Ajmi M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [64]
 Kyrgyzstan 02011-05-14 May 14, 2011 Ice Hockey Federation of the Kyrgyz Republic Anvar Omorkanov M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [65]
 Liechtenstein 02001-10-04 October 4, 2001 Liechtenstein Ice Hockey Federation Michael Zanghellini M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [66]
 Macau 02005-05-12 May 12, 2005 Macau Ice Sports Federation Andrew Chan Chak Mo M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [67]
 Macedonia 02001-10-04 October 4, 2001 Macedonian Ice Hockey Federation Nikola Tasev M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [68]
 Malaysia 02006-09-28 September 28, 2006 Malaysia Ice Hockey Association Dato Lee Hwa Beng M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [69]
 Moldova 02008-05-21 May 21, 2008 National Ice Hockey Federation of Moldova Andrei Gargalic M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [70]
 Morocco 02010-05-22 May 22, 2010 Moroccan Ice Hockey Association Khalid, MriniMrini Khalid M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [71]
 Portugal 01999-05-13 May 13, 1999 Federation of Portuguese Ice Sports José Pinheiro de Almeida M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [72]
 Singapore 01996-05-02 May 2, 1996 Singapore Ice Hockey Association James Kodrowski M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline — — [73]
 United Arab Emirates 02001-05-10 May 10, 2001 UAE Ice Hockey Association Ahmed Mubarak Al Mazrouei M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 47 — [74]

[edit] IIHF Affiliate Members

Nation Date joined Organization President Teams Ref.
 Chile 01999-09-22 September 22, 1999 National Association of Hockey on Ice and Inline Nicolas Gomez Bermeosolo M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline [75]
 Namibia 01998-05-31 May 31, 1998 Namibia Ice and InLine Hockey Association Holger Mentzel M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline [76]

[edit] Suspended members

Associate member Armenia was suspended indefinitely in May 2010 because the Armenian men's team is suspected of using several ineligible at the 2010 World Championship Division III tournament.[77]

Nation Date joined Organization President Teams Men's
Ranking		 Women's
Ranking		 Ref.
 Armenia 01999-09-22 September 22, 1999 Ice Hockey Federation of Armenia Hayk Jaghatspanyan M · M-U20 · M-U18 · W · W-U18 · inline 49 — [78]

[edit] Former IIHF Members

Nation Date joined IIHF Date left IIHF Reason
 Bohemia 01908-11-15 November 15, 1908[79] 1920[80] Membership rights transferred to the newly established Czechoslovakia
 Czechoslovakia 1920[80] 01992-12-31 December 31, 1992[81] Membership rights transferred to the Czech Republic
 East Germany 01954-06-09 June 9, 1954[54] 01990-10-03 October 3, 1990[54] Reunification of East and West Germany
 West Germany 01951-03-10 March 10, 1951[54] 01990-10-03 October 3, 1990[54] Reunification of East and West Germany, membership transferred to Germany
 Soviet Union 01952-04-01 April 1, 1952[41] 01992-05-06 May 6, 1992[82] Membership rights transferred to Russia
 Yugoslavia 01939-01-01 January 1, 1939[42] 01992-12-31 December 31, 1992[81] Membership rights transferred to Serbia after split of Yugoslavia

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ "It all started in Paris, 1908". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf.html. Retrieved 1 March 2009. 
  2. ^ "Members". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/members.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  3. ^ "Australia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/australia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  4. ^ "Austria". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/austria.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  5. ^ "Azerbaijan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/azerbaijan.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  6. ^ "Belarus". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/belarus.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  7. ^ "Belgium". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/belgium.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  8. ^ "Bosnia & Herzegovina". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/bosnia-herzegovina.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  9. ^ "Bulgaria". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/bulgaria.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  10. ^ "Canada". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/canada.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  11. ^ "China". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/china.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  12. ^ "Chinese Taipei". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/chinese-taipei.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  13. ^ "Croatia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/croatia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  14. ^ a b "Czech Republic". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/czech-republic.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  15. ^ "Denmark". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/denmark.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  16. ^ "Estonia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/estonia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  17. ^ "Finland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/finland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  18. ^ "France". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/france.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  19. ^ "Germany". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/germany.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  20. ^ "Great Britain". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/great-britain.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  21. ^ "Hong Kong". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/hong-kong.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  22. ^ "Hungary". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/hungary.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  23. ^ a b "Iceland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/iceland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  24. ^ "Ireland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/ireland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  25. ^ "Israel". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/israel.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  26. ^ "Italy". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/italy.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  27. ^ "Japan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/japan.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  28. ^ "Kazakhstan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/kazakhstan.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  29. ^ "DPR Korea". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/dpr-korea.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  30. ^ "Korea". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/korea.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  31. ^ "Latvia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/latvia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  32. ^ "Lithuania". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/lithuania.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  33. ^ "Luxembourg". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/luxembourg.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  34. ^ "Mexico". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/mexico.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  35. ^ "Mongolia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/mongolia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  36. ^ "Netherlands". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/netherlands.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  37. ^ "New Zealand". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/new-zealand.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  38. ^ "Norway". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/norway.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  39. ^ "Poland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/poland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  40. ^ "Romania". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/romania.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  41. ^ a b c "Russia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/russia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  42. ^ a b c "Serbia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/serbia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  43. ^ "Slovakia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/slovakia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  44. ^ "Slovenia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/slovenia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  45. ^ "South Africa". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/south-africa.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  46. ^ "Spain". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/spain.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  47. ^ "Sweden". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/sweden.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  48. ^ "Switzerland". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/switzerland.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  49. ^ "Thailand". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/thailand.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  50. ^ "Turkey". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/turkey.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  51. ^ "Ukraine". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/ukraine.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  52. ^ "United States". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/united-states.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  53. ^ Podnieks 2010, pp. 53–54
  54. ^ a b c d e Podnieks 2010, pp. 67–69
  55. ^ Podnieks 2010, p. 70
  56. ^ Podnieks 2010, p. 89
  57. ^ Podnieks 2010, p. 94
  58. ^ Podnieks 2010, pp. 92–93
  59. ^ "Andorra". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/andorra.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  60. ^ "Argentina". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/argentina.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  61. ^ "Brazil". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/brazil.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  62. ^ "Georgia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/georgia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  63. ^ "Greece". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/greece.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  64. ^ "Kuwait". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/kuwait.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  65. ^ "Kyrgyzstan". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/kyrgyzstan.html. Retrieved May 14, 2011. 
  66. ^ "Liechtenstein". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/liechtenstein.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  67. ^ "Macau". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/macau.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  68. ^ "Macedonia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/macedonia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  69. ^ "Malaysia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/malaysia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  70. ^ "IIHF Congress begins in Montreal". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/article/iihf-congress-begins-in-montreal.html. Retrieved May 21, 2008. 
  71. ^ "Morocco". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/morocco.html. Retrieved May 24, 2010. 
  72. ^ "Portugal". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/portugal.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  73. ^ "Singapore". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/singapore.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  74. ^ "United Arab Emirates". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/united-arab-emirates.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  75. ^ "Chile". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/chile.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  76. ^ "Namibia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/namibia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  77. ^ "Welcome Morocco". International Ice Hockey Federation. 2010-05-22. http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/news/news-singleview/article/welcome-morocco.html. Retrieved May 30, 2010. 
  78. ^ "Armenia". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/armenia.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  79. ^ "1908-1913". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1908-1913.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  80. ^ a b "1914-1933". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1914-1933.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  81. ^ a b "1990-today". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1990-today.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 
  82. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #42: Breakup of old Europe creates a new hockey world". International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-42.html. Retrieved May 13, 2009. 

[edit] References

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† Associate member · ‡ Affiliate member
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