List of works by Leonardo da Vinci

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The Last Supper

This is a list of paintings attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, (baptised Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci) (pronunciation), (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519), one of the leading artists of the High Renaissance. Fifteen works are generally attributed either in whole or in large part to him, most of them paintings on panel but including a mural, a large drawing on paper and two works in the early stages of preparation. A further six paintings are disputed, there are four recently attributed works, and two are copies of lost work. None of Leonardo's paintings are signed, and this list draws on the opinions of various scholars.[1]

The small number of surviving paintings is due to Leonardo's constant and frequently disastrous experimentation with new techniques, and his chronic procrastination. Nevertheless, these few works together with his notebooks, which contain drawings, scientific diagrams, and his thoughts on the nature of painting, comprise a contribution to later generations of artists rivaled only by that of his contemporary, Michelangelo.


Major extant works

Image
(sort by size)
Details
(sort by date)
Attribution status Location
(sort by country)
The Baptism of Christ
The Baptism of Christ
1472–1475
Oil on wood
177 × 151 cm
Verrocchio and Leonardo
Painted by Andrea del Verrocchio, with the angel on the left-hand side by Leonardo.[2] It is generally considered that Leonardo also painted much of the background landscape and the torso of Christ. One of Leonardo's earliest extant works. Vasari's statement that the angel on the left is by Leonardo is confirmed by studies by Bode, Seidlitz and Guthman, and accepted by McCurdy, Wasserman and others.[1]
Uffizi
Florence
Italy
Annunciation
Annunciation
c. 1472–1475
Oil on panel
98 × 217 cm
Almost universally accepted
Generally thought to be the earliest extant work entirely by Leonardo. The work was traditionally attributed to Verrocchio until 1869. It is now almost universally attributed to Leonardo. Attribution proposed by Liphhart, accepted by Bode, Lubke, Muller-Walde, Berenson, Clark, Goldscheider and others.[1]
Uffizi
Florence
Italy
Ginevra de' Benci
Ginevra de' Benci
c. 1476
Oil on wood
38.8 × 36.7 cm, 15.3 × 14.4 in
Dependent on attribution of Lady with an Ermine
The work was proposed as a Leonardo by Waagen in 1866, and supported by Bode. Early 20th-century scholars were vociferous in their disagreement, but most current critics accept both the authorship and the identity of the sitter.[1]
National Gallery of Art
Washington, D.C.
United States
The Benois Madonna
Benois Madonna
1478
Oil on canvas
49.5 × 33 cm
Generally accepted
Most critics believe that it coincides with a Madonna mentioned by Leonardo in 1478.[1]
Hermitage Museum
Saint Petersburg
Russia
Madonna of the Carnation
Madonna of the Carnation
1478–1480
Oil on panel
62 × 47.5 cm
Generally accepted
It is generally accepted as a Leonardo, but has some overpainting possibly by a Flemish artist.[1]
Alte Pinakothek
Munich
Germany
St. Jerome in the Wilderness
St. Jerome in the Wilderness
c. 1480
Tempera and oil on panel
103 × 75 cm, 41 × 30 in
Unfinished
Universally accepted
Vatican Museums
Vatican City
Adoration of the Magi
Adoration of the Magi
1481
Underpainting on panel
240 × 250 cm, 96 × 97 in
Unfinished
Universally accepted
Uffizi
Florence
Italy
Virgin of the Rocks
Virgin of the Rocks
1483–1486
Oil on panel (transferred to canvas)
199 × 122 cm, 78.3 × 48.0 in
Universally accepted
Considered by most historians to be the earlier of two versions
Louvre
Paris
France
Lady with an Ermine
Lady with an Ermine
1485
Oil on wood panel
54 × 39 cm
Generally accepted
This painting has been subject to continued disagreement since it was first published as a Leonardo in 1889. The attribution of the "Ginevra de' Benci" has supported the attribution of this painting.[1] The subject has been identified as Cecilia Gallerani.[3]
Czartoryski Museum
Kraków
Poland
Madonna Litta
Madonna Litta
c. 1490
Oil on canvas (transferred from panel)
42 × 33 cm
Disputed
Thought perhaps to be by Marco d'Oggiono
Hermitage Museum
Saint Petersburg
Russia
Portrait of a Musician
Portrait of a Musician
1490
Oil on wood panel
45 × 32 cm
Disputed
Pinacoteca Ambrosiana
Milan
Italy
La Belle Ferronière
La belle ferronnière
1490–1496
Oil on wood
62 × 44 cm
Disputed
Louvre
Paris
France
The Last Supper
The Last Supper
1495–1498
tempera on gesso, pitch and mastic
460 × 880 cm, 181 × 346 in
Universally accepted
Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie
Milan
Italy
Virgin of the Rocks
Virgin of the Rocks
1495–1508
Oil on panel
189.5 × 120 cm, 74.6 × 47.25 in
National Gallery, London
Leonardo and Ambrogio de Predis
Generally accepted as postdating the version in the Louvre, with collaboration of de Predis and perhaps others. While the date is not universally agreed, the collaboration of Leonardo's workshop is.[1]
National Gallery
London
United Kingdom
Sala delle Asse ceiling frescoes
circa 1498–1499 [4]
Castello Sforzesco
Milan
Italy
The Virgin and Child with St. Anne and St. John the Baptist
The Virgin and Child with St. Anne and St. John the Baptist
c. 1499–1500
Charcoal, black and white chalk on tinted paper
142 × 105 cm, 55.7 × 41.2 in
Universally accepted
National Gallery
London
United Kingdom
Madonna of the Yarnwinder
Madonna of the Yarnwinder
c. 1501
Oil on canvas
50.2 × 36.4 cm
Disputed
Three versions exist, apparently by different hands, perhaps copies of a lost work that is described by Leonardo. The best known, that belonging to the estate of the Duke of Buccleuch, was stolen in 2003, and recovered in 2007.[5]
Private collection
United Kingdom
Private collection
United States
The Mona Lisa
Mona Lisa or La Gioconda
c. 1503–1506
Oil on cottonwood
76.8 × 53.0 cm, 30.2 × 20.9 in
Universally accepted
Louvre
Paris
France
The Virgin and Child with St. Anne
The Virgin and Child with St. Anne
c. 1510
Oil on panel
168 × 112 cm, 66.1 × 44.1 in
Universally accepted
Louvre
Paris
France
Bacchus
Bacchus
1510–1515
Oil on walnut panel transferred to canvas
177 × 115 cm
Disputed
Generally considered to be a workshop copy of a drawing.[1]
Louvre
Paris
France
St. John the Baptist
St. John the Baptist
1513–1516
Oil on walnut wood
69 × 57 cm, 27.2 × 22.4 in
Generally accepted
"Anonimo Gaddiano" wrote that Leonardo painted a St. John. This is generally considered Leonardo's last masterpiece.[1]
Louvre
Paris
France

Lost works

Image Details Notes
Medusa
A juvenile work described by Giorgio Vasari.
Angel of the Annunciation
c. 1503
The painting is described by Vasari. A drawing survives among studies for the Battle of Anghiari (see below), and a copy is in the Kunstmuseum Basel.[6]
Copy of The Battle of Anghiari by Peter Paul Rubens
The Battle of Anghiari
1505
The remains of Leonardo's fresco have been discovered in the Hall of the Five Hundred (Salone dei Cinquecento) in the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence.
  • Peter Paul Rubens, The Battle of Anghiari (pictured). Black chalk, pen and ink heightened with lead white, over-painted with watercolour, 54.2 x 63.7 cm. Musée du Louvre
Salvator Mundi
1506–1513
The painting is described by Vasari.
Copy of Leda and the Swan by Cesare Sesto
Leda and the Swan
1508
There are nine known copies of the painting, including:
  • Cesare Cesto, Leda and the Swan (pictured). Oil on wood, 69.5 x 73.7 cm. Wilton House, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
  • Anonymous, Leda and the Swan. Tempera on wood, 115 x 86 cm. Galleria Borghese, Rome, Italy

Disputed or recent attributions

Image Details Attribution status Location
Tobias and the Angel
Tobias and the Angel
1470–80
Egg tempera on poplar
83.6 × 66 cm
National Gallery, London
Verrochio and workshop (including Leonardo?)
A painting by Verrocchio while Leonardo was in his workshop. Martin Kemp suggests that Leonardo may have painted some part of this work, most likely the fish. David Alan Brown, of the National Gallery in Washington, attributes the painting of the dog to him as well.
United Kingdom
The Dreyfus Madonna
The Dreyfus Madonna
c. 1475–1480
Oil on panel
15.7 × 12.8 cm, 6.13 × 5 in
National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
Disputed
Previously attributed to Verrocchio or Lorenzo di Credi. The anatomy of the Christ Child is so poor as to discourage firm attribution by most critics while some believe that it is a work of Leonardo's youth. This attribution was made by Suida in 1929. Other art historians such as Shearman and Morelli attribute the work to Verrocchio.[1] Daniel Arasse discusses this painting as a youthful work in Leonardo da Vinci, (1997).[7]
United States
The Holy Infants Embracing
The Holy Infants Embracing
c. 1486–1490
Several versions in private collections.
To the right Jesus is depicted as a man in his thirties, with olive complexion, brown hair and a sparse beard. He wears a pink robe with an embroidered band at the edge. On his head is a crown of thorns, and above his head, a golden halo. He bows his head with a sad expression and carries a large cross which runs diagonally from the bottom-left to the top-right of the image. To the left, two men appear to crowd into the scene. One angrily threatens Jesus with raised fist. The other raises his hand in a vulgar sign. Behind Jesus' head, another hand pulls a lock of his hair.
Christ Carrying the Cross
c. 1500
Oil on poplar
Private Collection, San Francisco
Previously attributed by Sotheby's to Gian-Francesco de Maineri.[8][9] Attributed to Leonardo by its present owner.[8] Attribution based on the similarity of the tormentors of Christ to drawings made by Rubens of the Battle of Anghiari. According to Forbes Magazine, Leonardo expert Carlo Pedretti said that he knew of three similar paintings and that "All four paintings, he believed, were likely the work of Leonardo's studio assistants and perhaps even the master himself."[8]
United States
Madonna and Child with St. Joseph
Madonna and Child with St Joseph or Adoration of the Christ Child
Tempera on panel
Diameter 87 cm
Galleria Borghese, Rome, Italy
Previously attributed to Fra Bartolomeo. After recent cleaning, the Borghese Gallery sought attribution as a work of Leonardo's youth, based on the presence of a fingerprint similar to one that appears in The Lady with the Ermine. Result of investigation not available.[10]
Italy
Mary Magdalene
Mary Magdalene
Recently attributed as a Leonardo by Carlo Pedretti. Previously regarded as the work of Giampietrino who painted a number of similar Magdalenes.[11] Carlo Pedretti's attribution of this painting is not accepted by other scholars, eg Carlo Bertelli, (former director of the Brera Art Gallery in Milan), who said this painting is not by Leonardo and that the subject could be a Lucretia with the knife removed.[12]
Switzerland
Profile of a Young Fiancée
Young Girl in Profile in Renaissance Dress, or Profile of a Young Fiancée
Identified as a Leonardo using the evidence of a fingerprint.[13]
Switzerland

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k della Chiesa, Angela Ottino (1967), The Complete Paintings of Leonardo da Vinci, Penguin, ISBN 0-1400-8649-8
  2. ^ Giorgio Vasari, Lives of the Artists, 1568; this edition Penguin Classics, trans. George Bull 1965, ISBN 0-14-044-164-6
  3. ^ M. Kemp, entry for The Lady with an Ermine in the exhibition Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration (Washington-New Haven-London) pp 271f, states "the identification of the sitter in this painting as Cecilia Gallerani is reasonably secure;" Janice Shell and Grazioso Sironi, "Cecilia Gallerani: Leonardo's Lady with an Ermine" Artibus et Historiae 13 No. 25 (1992:47-66) discuss the career of this identification since it was first suggested in 1900.
  4. ^ Universal Leonardo: Leonardo da Vinci online › Trails › The Natural World
  5. ^ "Arrests after da Vinci work found". 4 October 2007. Retrieved 2008-02-22. {{cite news}}: Text "BBC News" ignored (help)
  6. ^ Shearman, John (1992), Only Connect...: Art and the Spectator in the Italian Renaissance, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 33
  7. ^ Arasse, Daniel (1997), Leonardo da Vinci, Konecky & Konecky, ISBN 1 56852 1987
  8. ^ a b c Stephane Fitch DaVinci's Fingerprints, 12.22.03 accessed 7 July 2009. Martin Kemp, the expert on Leonardo's fingerprints, had not examined the painting when the article was written.
  9. ^ A similar image, without the tormentors, is in the Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg. [1]
  10. ^ Arie, Sophie (16 February 2005). "Fingerprint puts Leonardo in the frame". The Guardian. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
  11. ^ "A lost Leonardo? Top art historian says maybe". Universal Leonardo. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
  12. ^ Bertelli, Carlo (November 19, 2005). "Due allievi non fanno un Leonardo" (in Italian). Il Corriere della Sera. Retrieved 2007-09-27.
  13. ^ Adams, James (October 13, 2009). "Montreal art expert identifies da Vinci drawing". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 2009-10-14.