Marilyn French

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Marilyn French
Born(1929-11-21)November 21, 1929
Brooklyn, New York City, U.S.
DiedMay 2, 2009(2009-05-02) (aged 79)
Manhattan, New York City, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
Alma materHofstra University, Harvard University
Occupation(s)Author, professor, lecturer

Marilyn French (née Edwards) (November 21, 1929 – May 2, 2009) was a radical feminist American author.

Early life and education

French was born in Brooklyn to E. Charles Edwards, an engineer, and Isabel Hazz Edwards, a department store clerk. In her youth, she was a young journalist, writing a neighborhood newsletter. She played the piano and dreamed of becoming a composer.[1] She received a bachelor's degree from Hofstra University (then Hofstra College) in 1951, in philosophy and English literature. Marilyn Edwards married Robert M. French Jr. in 1950 and supported him while he attended law school. The couple had two children.[1] French also received a master's degree in English from Hofstra, in 1964. She divorced Robert French in 1967 and then pursued a doctorate[1] at Harvard University, where she earned a Ph.D in 1972.[2]

Career

Teaching

She was an English instructor at Hofstra, from 1964 to 1968, and was an assistant professor of English at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, from 1972 to 1976.[3]

Political views and written works

French's first serious publication, The Book as World: James Joyce's Ulysses was her Harvard thesis.[2]

In her work, French asserted that women's oppression is an intrinsic part of the male-dominated global culture. For instance, one of her first non-fiction works, Beyond Power: On Women, Men and Morals (1985), is a historical examination of the effects of patriarchy on the world.[citation needed] French took issue with the expectations of married women in the post-World War II era and become a leading, if controversial, opinion maker on gender issues who decried the patriarchal society she saw around her. “My goal in life is to change the entire social and economic structure of Western civilization, to make it a feminist world,” she once declared.[3]

French's first and best-known novel, The Women's Room (1977), follows the lives of Mira and her friends in 1950s and 1960s America, including Val, a militant radical feminist. The novel portrays the details of the lives of women at this time and the feminist movement of this era in the United States. At one point in the book the character Val says, "all men are rapists, and that's all they are. They rape us with their eyes, their laws, and their codes."[2][4] The Women's Room sold more than 20 million copies and was translated into 20 languages.[citation needed] Gloria Steinem, a close friend, compared the impact of the book on the discussion surrounding women’s rights to the one that Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man (1952) had had on racial equality 25 years earlier.[citation needed]

Her most significant work in later life was From Eve to Dawn: A History of Women. It was published in a Dutch translation in 1995 (in one volume of 1312 pages),[5] but did not appear in English until 2002 and 2003 (published in three volumes by Mcarthur & Company), and then again in English in four volumes (published by The Feminist Press) in 2008. It is built around the premise that exclusion from the prevailing intellectual histories denied women their past, present and future. Despite carefully chronicling a long history of oppression, the last volume ends on an optimistic note, said Florence Howe, who recently retired as director of the publishing house. “For the first time women have history,” she said of Ms. French’s work. “The world changed and she helped change it.”[citation needed]

While French was pleased by significant gains made by women in the three decades since her landmark novel, The Women's Room, she was also just as quick to point out lingering deficiencies in gender equality.[3]

Personal life, health, and death

She married Robert M. French Jr., in 1950. They had two children.[1] The couple divorced in 1967.[3]

French was diagnosed with esophageal cancer in 1992. This experience was the basis for her book A Season in Hell: A Memoir (1998). She survived cancer and later died from heart failure at age 79, on May 2, 2009, in Manhattan.[3]

Selected works

  • French, Marilyn (May 1976). The Book as World: James Joyce's Ulysses. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674078536. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • French, Marilyn (1977). The Women's Room. ISBN 0-345-35361-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • French, Marilyn (February 1980). The Bleeding Heart. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0671447847. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • French, Marilyn (March 1981). Shakespeare's Division of Experience. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0671448653. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • French, Marilyn (June 1985). Beyond Power: On Women, Men, and Morals. Olympic Marketing Corp. ISBN 978-0671499594. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • French, Marilyn (October 1987). Her Mother's Daughter. Summit Books. ISBN 978-0671630515. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • French, Marilyn (1992). The War Against Women. Summit Books. ASIN B001KL7D8A. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • French, Marilyn (January 1994). Our Father. Little Brown & Co (T). ISBN 978-0316293907. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • French, Marilyn (1995). Een vrouwelijk geschiedenis van de wereld [Women's History of the World] (in Dutch). Translated by Viviane Franken. Amsterdam: Meulenhoff. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • French, Marilyn (August 6, 1996). My Summer with George. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679447740. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • French, Marilyn (September 14, 1998). A Season in Hell: A Memoir. Knopf. ISBN 978-0679455097. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • Howe, Florence; Casella, Jean (May 1, 2000). Almost Touching the Skies: Women's Coming of Age Stories. Introduction by Marilyn French. The Feminist Press at CUNY. ISBN 978-1558612334.
  • From Eve to Dawn: A History of Women in Three Volumes (2003), non-fiction:
  • French, Marilyn (May 1, 2006). In the Name of Friendship. The Feminist Press at CUNY. ISBN 978-1558615212. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • From Eve to Dawn, A History of Women in the World (2008) in four volumes:
    • French, Marilyn (April 1, 2008). From Eve to Dawn, A History of the Women in the World, Volume I: Origins: From Prehistory to the First Millennium. Foreword by Margaret Atwood. The Feminist Press at CUNY. ISBN 978-1558615656. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
    • French, Marilyn (April 1, 2008). From Eve to Dawn, A History of Women in the World, Volume II: The Masculine Mystique: From Feudalism to the French Revolution. Foreword by Margaret Atwood. The Feminist Press at CUNY. ISBN 978-1558615670. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
    • French, Marilyn (April 1, 2008). From Eve to Dawn, A History of Women in the World, Volume III: Infernos and Paradises, The Triumph of Capitalism in the 19th Century. Foreword by Margaret Atwood. ISBN 978-1558615830. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
    • French, Marilyn (April 1, 2008). From Eve to Dawn, A History of Women in the World, Volume IV: Revolutions and Struggles for Justice in the 20th Century. Foreword by Margaret Atwood. The Feminist Press at CUNY. ISBN 978-1558615847. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help)
  • French, Marilyn (September 1, 2009). The Love Children (Classic Feminist Writers). The Feminist Press at CUNY. ASIN B00305CYI8. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (|display-authors= suggested) (help) (published posthumously)

In popular culture

  • Marilyn French is mentioned in ABBA's song "The Day Before You Came" (1982), in the lyric: "I must have read a while, the latest one by Marilyn French or something in that style".[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d French, Marilyn (2005). In the Name of Friendship. New York: The Feminist Press at the City University of New York. p. 383. ISBN 978-1-55861-520-5.
  2. ^ a b c Liukkonen, Petri. "Marilyn French". Books and Writers (kirjasto.sci.fi). Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from the original on 27 March 2009. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |website= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e Sulzberger, A. G.; Mitgang, Herbert (May 4, 2009). "Marilyn French, Novelist and Champion of Feminism, Dies at 79". The New York Times.
  4. ^ French, Marilyn (1977). The Women's Room. Book 5. Chapter 19. ISBN 0-345-35361-7. — [...] Whatever they may be in public life, whatever their relations with men, in their relations with women, all men are rapists, and that's all they are. They rape us with their eyes, their laws, and their codes.
  5. ^ Een vrouwelijk geschiedenis van de wereld (in Dutch). Amsterdam: Meulenhoff. 1995. {{cite book}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |authors= (help)
  6. ^ "The Day Before You Came Lyrics (from the Definitive Edition)". MetroLyrics.com. Retrieved May 4, 2015.

External links

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